IN THE NAME OF GOD. Instrumentation Term Project. Supervised By: Dr. Hamid D. Taghirad

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1 IN THE NAME OF GOD Instrumentation Term Project Supervised By: Dr. Hamid D. Taghirad

2 Magnetic position sensor Ehsan Peymani Golnaz Habibi

3 Magnetic Sensor

4 Feature of Magnetic Sensors Advantage - Contact less - Unaffected by Contamination Disadvantage - affected by other magnetic field

5 Position sensing ( all types ) Capacitive Eddy current Optical Inductive Resistive Sonar Laser Magnetic

6 All Types of Magnetic Position Sensor Hall effect sensor Magnetostrictive Magnetoresistive Base on Seismic theory Reed switch Synchro & Resolver Inductosyn Magnesyn Magnetic encoder LVDT & RVDT

7 Special application Compassing GPS navigation Vehicle detection

8 Special application Compassing

9 Special application Compassing

10 Special application Compassing

11 Special application GPS navigation

12 Special application GPS navigation

13 Special application Vehicle detection

14 Special application Vehicle detection

15 Special application Vehicle direction

16 Smart position sensor

17 Smart position sensor Specifications : Magnetostrictive LDT Small & Inexpensive Linearity+/- 0.05% of Stroke Accuracy+/- 0.1% of Stroke Repeatability+/- 0.01% of full stroke Operating Temperature-20 to 70 C Programmable

18 Hall Effect Sensor Hall effect : Dr. Edvin Hall, 1879 Johns Hopkins University Hall sensor : Joe Maupin & Evertt Vorthmann, 1965

19 Hall effect General features True solid state Long life High speed operation - over 100 khz possible Operates with stationary input (zero speed) No moving parts Logic compatible input and output Broad temperature range (-40 to +150 C) Highly repeatable operation

20 Hall effect Theory

21 Hall effect Theory V H = K H BI t

22 Hall effect Theory

23 Hall effect Conditional Circuit S = 7 µ V V G!!! Silicon exhibits the piezoresistance effect

24 Hall effect Conditional Circuit

25 Hall effect Digital Hall sensors

26 Hall effect Analog Hall sensors

27 Hall effect Magnetic system Unipolar head-on mode Unipolar slide-by mode Bipolar slide-by mode Bipolar slide-by mode (ring magnet) Jump to Application

28 Hall effect Magnetic system Unipolar head-on mode Nonlinear Accuracy medium

29 Hall effect Magnetic system Unipolar slide-by mode Nonlinear Accuracy low Symmetric

30 Hall effect Magnetic system Bipolar slide-by mode Accuracy medium Dissymmetry

31 Hall effect Magnetic system

32 Hall effect Magnetic system Bipolar slide-by mode (ring magnet)

33 Hall effect Magnetic system comparison chart

34 Hall effect Application Vane operated position sensors

35 Hall effect Application Vane operated position sensors

36 Hall effect Application Other in position Sequence sensor Proximity sensor Office machine sensors Multiple position sensor Anti-skid sensor Piston detection sensor

37 Hall effect Application Sequence sensor Back

38 Hall effect Application Proximity sensor Back

39 Hall effect Application Office machine sensors Back

40 Hall effect Application Multiple position sensor Back

41 Hall effect Application Anti-skid sensor Back

42 Hall effect Application Piston detection sensor Back

43 Magnetostrictive sensors Invent at 1970 MTS Temposonic technology

44 Theory of Magnetostrictive sensors Manetostrictive effect Villari effect Wiedemann effect

45 Theory of Magnetostrictive sensors Manetostrictive effect

46 Theory of Magnetostrictive sensors Villari effect Reverse of Magnetoestrictive applying stress to a magnetostrictive material changes its magnetic properties

47 Theory of Magnetostrictive sensors Wiedemann effect

48 Theory of Magnetostrictive sensors The operation

49 Theory of Magnetostrictive sensors The operation

50 Magnetostriction sensors Features Non contact Absolute 10 mm ~ 20 m Nonlinearity < 0.02%

51 Magnetostriction sensors Comparison

52 Magnetostriction sensors Application 1. Automated (Robotic) ManualTrans ission 2. Automotive Suspensions 3. Automotive Steering 4. Medical Hospital and Home Care Bed 5. Medical Infusion Pump 6. Medical Dental Chairs 7. Tractor Steering 8. Commercial Appliance Damping 9. Automotive Tank Levels 10. Construction Equipment

53 Magnetostriction sensors Application Automated (Robotic) ManualTrans ission Back

54 Magnetostriction sensors Application - Automotive Suspensions Back

55 Magnetostriction sensors Application - Automotive Steering Back

56 Magnetostriction sensors Application - Medical Hospital and Home Care Bed Back

57 Magnetostriction sensors Application - Medical Infusion Pump Back

58 Magnetostriction sensors Application - Medical Dental Chairs Back

59 Magnetostriction sensors Application - Tractor Steering Back

60 Magnetostriction sensors Application - Commercial Appliance Damping Back

61 Magnetostriction sensors Application - Construction Equipment Back

62 Magnetostriction sensors Application - Automotive Tank Levels Back

63 Magnetoresistive sensors Invent at 1856 William Thompson Lord Kelvin

64 Magnetoresistive sensors All types Anisotropic Magnetoresistive (AMR) Giant Magnetoresistive (GMR) Colossal Magnetoresistance (CMR)

65 Magnetoresistive sensors Theory of AMR

66 Magnetoresistive sensors Theory of AMR 2 cos θ Barber Pole Bias

67 Magnetoresistive sensors Theory of AMR

68 Magnetoresistive sensors Operation of AMR

69 Magnetoresistive sensors Operation of AMR (HMC1501)

70 Magnetoresistive sensors Operation of AMR (HMC1501)

71 Magnetoresistive sensors Operation of AMR (HMC1501)

72 Magnetoresistive sensors Operation of AMR (HMC1512)

73 Magnetoresistive sensors Operation of AMR (HMC1512)

74 Magnetoresistive sensors Operation of AMR (HMC1512)

75 Magnetoresistive sensors Operation of AMR (HMC1512)

76 Magnetoresistive sensors Typical application Cylinder position sensing in pneumatic cylinders Elevator sensor Lid sensor for laptop computers Position sensor for materials handling equipment (lift trucks) Blood analyzer Magnetic encoders

77 Magnetoresistive sensors Comparision of Hall effect & MR technologies

78 Magnetoresistive sensors Giant Magnetoresistive (GMR) Observe at 1988 Magnetoresistivity > 70%

79 Magnetoresistive sensors Giant Magnetoresistive (GMR) - Theory

80 Magnetoresistive sensors Giant Magnetoresistive (GMR) - Application Proximity Detection Displacement Sensing Rotational Reference Detection

81 Colossal Magnetoresistive (CMR) Observe at 1988 Magnetoresistivity > 1000% ~ %

82 Magnetoresistive sensors Comparison

83 Reed switch

84 Reed switch Structure

85 Reed switch Advantages Long life Small size Very sensitive to magnetic fields Has no leakage current or voltage drop Very inexpensive Highly repeatable operation High immunity to dirt and contamination Zero power consumption

86 Reed switch Disadvantages It is electronically noisy Slow response time Large amount of hysteresis

87 Synchro & Resolver A device called Selsyn was developed at 1925

88 Synchro Theory Synchro is variable rotary transformer.

89 Synchro Classification Transmitter Control Torque

90 Synchro Classification Receiver Control Torque

91 Synchro Classification Differential Transmitter Control Torque

92 Synchro Classification Control Torque

93 Synchro Advantages The controlling unit can be along distance from the controlled unit. Low consumption. Eliminates the necessity of mechanical linkage. Continues accurate and visual information. Good reliability and minimum maintenances. Small and light. Very fast.

94 Resolver

95 Resolver Theory

96 Signal Conditioning Resolver-To-Digital Converter(RTD /RDC) Basic Undersampling Oversampling

97 RTD Basic.

98 RTD Undersampling

99 RTD Undersampling

100 RTD Oversampling

101 Oversampling TMS320F240

102 Resolver Advantages Accurate Absolute Position Sensor Small size Well-suited to severe industrial environments Not require ohmic contact. High reliability

103 Synchro& Resolver Application Naval weapons Radar antennas Aerospace Robotics

104 Inductosyns

105 Inductosyns types Linear inductosyn Rotary inductosyn

106 Linear inductosyns

107 inductosyns Specification Use RTD for signal conditioning Linear resolution is 5microinch. angular resolution is less than 0.9 arc seconds relatively expensive very high accurate very reliable

108 inductosyns Advantages & Disadvantages Accurate Small size Well-suited to severe industrial environments Not require ohmic contact High reliability but relatively expensive

109 Magnesyn

110 Magnesyn Structure

111 Magnetic encoder All types

112 LVDT & RVDT End of World War II

113 Linear Variable Differential Transformer(LVDT)

114 PRECISION ABSOLUTE VALUE CIRCUIT (FULL-WAVE RECTIFIER)

115 LVDT & RVDT Comparison LVDT Measurement ranges are ±100µm to ±25cm Sensitivity is 2.4mv per volt per degree of rotation Input voltages are from 1V to 24V RMS, with frequencies 50Hz- 0kHz RVDT Typical RVDTs are linear over a range of about ±40º Sensitivity is 2 to 3mV per volt per degree of rotation Input voltages in the range of 3V RMS at frequencies between 400Hz and 20kHz.

116 LVDT Advantages Infinite Resolution High accuracy and sensitivity Excellent linearity ( 0.5%) A wide variety of measurement ranges

117 Application Modern Machine-tool Robotics Avionics & aircraft Process control industry Torpedo, and weapons systems.

118 Thank you

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