A Seminar Report On PULSE TIME MODULATION TECHNIQUES. Jithin R. J. (Roll No. EC04B081)
|
|
- Dustin Leonard
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 A Seminar Report On PULSE TIME MODULATION TECHNIQUES Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication Engineering by Jithin R. J. (Roll No. EC04B081) Department of Electronics Engineering NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CALICUT NIT Campus P.O., Calicut , India 2008
2 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the seminar report entitled PULSE TIME MODULATION TECHNIQUES is a bona fide record of the seminar presented by Jithin R. J.(Roll No.EC04B081) during the seventh semester in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics & Communication Engineering from National Institute of Technology Calicut for the year Mr. Dhanaraj K. J. (Seminar Coordinator) Sr. Lecturer Electronics Engg. Dept. Dr. Lillikutty Jacob Professor & Head Electronics Engg. Dept. Place: Calicut Date:
3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, I wish to express my sincere gratitude to my seminar cocoordinator, Mr. Dhanaraj K. J., Senior Lecturer, Electronics and Communication Department for his continuous guidance and support throughout the course. We would also like to thank Dr. Lillikutty Jacob, Head of Department, for allowing me to go ahead with my report. I would also like to thank all my friends for their wholehearted support and help in accumulating details for my report. Jithin R. J.
4 ABSTRACT The choice of modulation scheme is vital in obtaining high-performance bandwidth-efficient fibre optic communication system. In this context, PTM Techniques represent the best choice as compared to purely analogue or digital methods. PTM can be defined as the general class of pulse-code modulation in which the time of occurrence of some characteristic of the pulsed carrier is varied with respect to some characteristic of the modulating signal. The characteristic can be their position or frequency or width or any other easily distinguishable property, varied according to the amplitude of the input signal. They also have an additional advantage of not requiring a decoder in the receiver end. The PTM family is studied and their potential for use in high-speed fibre systems intended for transmitting analog data is examined.
5 CONTENTS Chapter No TITLE Page no. 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. PULSE WIDTH MODULATION Modulation Spectra of PWM Demodulation 4 3. PULSE POSITION MODULATION Modulation Spectra of PPM Demodulation 6 4. PULSE INTERVAL MODULATION Modulation PIM spectra Demodulation 8 5. PULSE INTERVAL AND WIDTH MODULATION Modulation Spectra of PIWM Demodulation PULSE FREQUENCY MODULATION Modulation Spectra of PIWM Demodulation 12
6 7. SQUARE WAVE FREQUENCY MODULATION Modulation Spectra of PIWM Demodulation APPLICATION CONCLUSION 16 REFERENCES 17
7 LIST OF FIGURES Figure No Title Page No PWM uniform sample generation PWM output signal Spectra of PWM PWM demodulator for uniform sampling PPM generation PPM output PPM spectra PIM output signal PIM modulator PIM spectra PIM demodulator PIWM modulation PIWM output PIWM spectrum PIWM to PIM converter PFM generation PFM signal PFM spectra PFM demodulation SWFM signal Spectra of SWFM SWFM to DPFM Spectra of DPFM 10 LIST OF TABLES Table No Title Page No. 1.1 The PTM Family 1
8 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Optical fibre networks are being used to provide broadband telecommunication services that utilize multiplexes of video, data and voice channels. Therefore the choice of modulation technique used is of prime importance. An analog Modulation scheme in which modulation is done in a continuous manner, is both simple and band-width efficient, but often cannot deliver the required signal-to-ratio. Besides, they suffer from the nonlinearity of the optical channel causing crosstalk and intermodulation. On the other hand, Digital modulation schemes such as Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) have been shown immune to channel nonlinearity but they are expensive due to the requirement of coding circuitry. PTM represents an alternative method to both of the aforesaid schemes and it forms an intermediate between the two. The modulation scheme is simple, requiring no coding, and the pulse form of the scheme makes the PTM immune to nonlinearities of the channel. Different types of PTM. Type PPM PWM PIM PIWM PFM SWFM Table 1.1 The PTM family. Variable Position Width(Duration) Interval(space) Interval and Width Frequency Frequency All PTM techniques produce modulation spectra that share a common set of features. Each modulation gives rise to spectra with diminishing set of side tones centered around the carrier frequency and its harmonics separated in frequency by an
9 amount equal to the signal frequency. The number and the strength of side tones is a characteristic unique to each PTM technique. In addition, a baseband component is also present depending on the type of sampling employed. Either uniform or natural sampling can be employed for PTM. In natural sampling, the sampling instants may be varying but for uniform sampling, the input signal is routed via a sample and hold circuit which produces flat-topped amplitude modulated pulses and hence the PTM modulator is operating upon uniformly sampled and stored samples. In the demodulator, the particular PTM is converted into form having a baseband component and filtering out the carrier and side tones using low pass filter. When uniform sampling is employed, a sample and hold circuit is included to recreate the amplitude modulated waveform, followed again by a low pass filter.
10 CHAPTER 2 PULSE WIDTH MODULATION 2.1 Modulation In PWM, the width of the pulse carrier is changed according to the sampled value of the modulated signal. Basically the samples are compared with the pulse carrier. For the naturally sampled PWM, this comparison is performed directly at the comparator, wherein for the uniformly sampled PWM, the input signal is routed first through a sample and hold circuit so that samples are obtained at uniform intervals rather than depending on signal amplitude.[1] Fig PWM uniform sample generation Fig PWM output signal
11 2.2 Spectra of PWM Fig Spectra of PWM The PWM spectra consist of a baseband component having the frequency equivalent to input signal frequency. Also there are frequency components around the carrier frequency and its harmonics. The sidetones are separated by ω m, the input frequency. The even harmonics are created as strength of modulation increases. When uniform sampling is employed, the baseband signal contains diminishing harmonics. 2.3 Demodulation Fig PWM demodulator for uniform sampling. For the naturally sampled PWM, threshold detection and low pass filter is sufficient where as in uniform sampling, conversion to PAM is necessary with the complexity of sample and hold circuit.
12 CHAPTER 3 PULSE POSITION MODULATION 3.1 Modulation PPM can be considered as the differentiated version of PWM. That is, after modulating the pulse carrier, we remove the unwanted portion of PWM. The position of a narrow pulse is varied within a time interval depending on the signal frequency. The naturally sampled PPM generator consists of a comparator detecting the equivalence between the input signal and the linear ramp, followed by a monostable or other pulse generating circuit. Fig PPM generation Fig PPM output.
13 3.2 Spectra of PPM Fig PPM spectra Spectral components are generated at sampling frequency and its harmonics, along with the diminishing group of sidetones separated by input frequency. If the pulse duration is increased, the spectra become similar to PWM (as expected). The spectra also contain a baseband component, composed of a differentiated version of modulating signal. 3.3 Demodulation The demodulation in its simplest form consists of integrating, threshold detection and lowpass filtering to obtain the baseband component.
14 CHAPTER 4 PULSE INTERVAL MODULATION 4.1 Modulation As the name indicates, the interval between is determined by the input signal amplitude. Fig PIM output signal The duration of each sampling interval is determined by the input signal amplitude. So it is called anisochronous modulation. Fig PIM modulator. The modulator consists of a sample and hold circuit whose feedback (i.e., the hold signal) is the PIM output. The ramp is reset whenever the comparator detects the equivalence between DC shifted input signal and ramp. The input signal is DC shifted in order to accommodate the full dynamic range of the ramp signal.
15 4.2 PIM Spectra Fig PIM spectra. Similar to previous PTM methods, the PIM spectra consists of diminishing set of sidetones centred on carrier frequency and its harmonics. 4.3 Demodulation Fig PIM Demodulator Although it is enough to low pass filter the PIM to recover the baseband component, the PIM pulses are used to reset and initiate a ramp signal, whose maximum values constitute the sampled points on the reconstructed modulating waveform. Finally, a lowpass filter is used. If uniform sampling is used a sample and hold circuit is used prior to the filter.
16 CHAPTER 5 PULSE INTERVAL AND WIDTH MODULATION 5.1 Modulation PIWM is derived directly from its counterpart, PIM, by passing PIM through a bistable so that both mark and space convey information. Both uniform and natural sampling can be employed and the set up is similar to PIM modulator. As with the PIM, the ramp is reset at a point in time determined by the input signal and not by a predetermined interval controlled by the choice of sampling frequency. Fig PIWM Modulation 5.2 Spectra of PIWM Fig PIWM output Fig PIWM Spectrum
17 In contrast to PIM, the PIWM spectrum doesn t contain any baseband component. 5.3 Demodulation Demodulation is carried out by first converting PIWM to PIM and then employing the PIM demodulation techniques. Fig PIWM to PIM converter. This process is facilitated by the use of a complementary output stage within the receiver, feeding pairs of logical inverters configured as differentiators followed by an OR gate to recombine the two pulse streams.
18 CHAPTER 6 PULSE FREQUENCY MODULATION 6.1 Modulation In PFM, the instantaneous frequency of the pulse train is varied depending on the input signal. PFM can be simply performed by using a Voltage Controlled Multivibrator (VCM) followed by a circuit to produce low duty cycle pulses. Fig PFM generation Fig PFM signal 6.2 Spectra of PFM The PFM spectrum consists of a baseband component along with a sidetone pattern set around carrier frequency and all its harmonics. The sidetone pattern is slightly asymmetrical with the upper sidetones being stronger than the lower ones.
19 Fig PFM spectra. 6.3 Demodulation Demodulation is usually achieved by threshold detection and some form of monostable to obtain equal length pulses. This signal is passed through a lowpass filter to directly recover the baseband component from PFM spectrum. Fig PFM Demodulation
20 CHAPTER 7 SQUARE WAVE FREQUENCY MODULATION 7.1 Modulation SWFM is a PTM technique closely related to PFM, and is the pulse equivalent of sine-wave Frequency modulation (FM). Whenever there is zero-crossings of FM, there is a square wave edge transition resulting in square wave whose frequency is modulated with respect to input signal. Therefore the SWFM modulator basically consists of FM generator and a comparator at the end. Fig SWFM signal 7.2 Spectra of SWFM The spectrum of SWFM is similar to the FM except that it is slightly modified at odd harmonics. The sidetone spread at nth harmonic is n times that at basic frequency. Fig Spectra of SWFM
21 7.3 Demodulation Although the demodulation schemes similar to FM can be used, a more convenient method is employed by converting SWFM to Dual-Edged PFM. Fig SWFM to DPFM The spectra of DPFM is as shown, Fig DPFM spectrum DPFM spectrum only has even harmonics and a baseband component (while a PFM spectrum has all multiples of harmonics). So a lowpass filter can be used to extract the baseband component.
22 CHAPTER 8 APPLICATIONS PWM and PPM are long established techniques in fibre optic transmission. Because of their fixed timing frame they are easy to multiplex and require a relatively cheap demultiplexer. PFM has been used for optic fibre transmission of broadcast quality TV and video signals. SWFM is used for the transmission of HDTV signals.[2] Narrow band Radio Frequency channels with low power and low frequency are affected primarily by flat fading, and PPM is better suited than M-FSK to be used in these scenarios. One common application with these channel characteristics is the radio control of model aircraft, boats and cars. PPM is employed in these systems, with the position of each pulse representing the angular position of an analogue control on the transmitter, or possible states of a binary switch. The number of pulses per frame gives the number of controllable channels available. The advantage of using PPM for this type of application is that the electronics required to decode the signal are extremely simple, which leads to small, light-weight receiver/decoder units. PWM is used in efficient voltage regulators. PWM is sometimes used in sound synthesis, in particular subtractive synthesis, as it gives a sound effect similar to chorus or slightly detuned oscillators played together. (In fact, PWM is equivalent to the difference of two saw tooth waves.) The ratio between the high and low level is typically modulated with a low frequency oscillator, or LFO. A new class of audio amplifiers called "Class-D amplifiers" based on the PWM principle is becoming popular.[3]
23 CHAPTER 9 CONCLUSION This report gives an insight into the future technology that s gaining popularity gradually. Pulse Time Modulation (PTM) is of different types and the different PTM techniques available have been discussed. Each one of them has its unique relevance in the industry. A bird s eye view of Modulation, Spectrum and Demodulation of each technique has been presented. The circuitry required for the modulation and the pulse thus obtained has been neatly shown. A brief outline of practical applications has also been provided.
24 REFERENCES [1] B Wilson and Z. Ghassemlooy, "Pulse Time modulation techniques for optical communication: a review", IEEE Proceedings-J, Vol. 140, No 6, December 1993, pp [2] [2] _modulation dated 12/01/2008 [3] [3] dated 15/12/2007 [4]
25
Software Simulation of Pulse Time Modulation Techniques
Case Study Software Simulation of Pulse Time Modulation Techniques Introduction In recent years we have seen a growing interest in application of software simulation in communication engineering. With
More informationEXPERIMENT WISE VIVA QUESTIONS
EXPERIMENT WISE VIVA QUESTIONS Pulse Code Modulation: 1. Draw the block diagram of basic digital communication system. How it is different from analog communication system. 2. What are the advantages of
More informationAmplitude Modulated Systems
Amplitude Modulated Systems Communication is process of establishing connection between two points for information exchange. Channel refers to medium through which message travels e.g. wires, links, or
More informationS.D.M COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
VISHVESHWARAIAH TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY S.D.M COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY A seminar report on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Submitted by Sandeep Katakol 2SD06CS085 8th semester
More informationMultiplexing Concepts and Introduction to BISDN. Professor Richard Harris
Multiplexing Concepts and Introduction to BISDN Professor Richard Harris Objectives Define what is meant by multiplexing and demultiplexing Identify the main types of multiplexing Space Division Time Division
More informationCommunication Systems Lab
LAB MANUAL Communication Systems Lab (EE-226-F) Prepared by: Varun Sharma (Lab In-charge) Dayal C. Sati (Faculty In-charge) B R C M CET BAHAL DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING Page
More informationYEDITEPE UNIVERSITY ENGINEERING FACULTY COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS LABORATORY EE 354 COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
YEDITEPE UNIVERSITY ENGINEERING FACULTY COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS LABORATORY EE 354 COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS EXPERIMENT 3: SAMPLING & TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEX (TDM) Objective: Experimental verification of the
More informationWorkspace for '6-pulse' Page 1 (row 1, column 1)
Workspace for '6-pulse' Page 1 (row 1, column 1) Workspace for '6-pulse' Page 2 (row 2, column 1) Workspace for '6-pulse' Page 3 (row 3, column 1) ECEN 449 Microprocessor System Design Pulse Modulation
More informationCSCD 433 Network Programming Fall Lecture 5 Physical Layer Continued
CSCD 433 Network Programming Fall 2016 Lecture 5 Physical Layer Continued 1 Topics Definitions Analog Transmission of Digital Data Digital Transmission of Analog Data Multiplexing 2 Different Types of
More informationB.Tech II Year II Semester (R13) Supplementary Examinations May/June 2017 ANALOG COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS (Electronics and Communication Engineering)
Code: 13A04404 R13 B.Tech II Year II Semester (R13) Supplementary Examinations May/June 2017 ANALOG COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS (Electronics and Communication Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70 PART A
More informationEEE 309 Communication Theory
EEE 309 Communication Theory Semester: January 2017 Dr. Md. Farhad Hossain Associate Professor Department of EEE, BUET Email: mfarhadhossain@eee.buet.ac.bd Office: ECE 331, ECE Building Types of Modulation
More informationDepartment of Electronics & Telecommunication Engg. LAB MANUAL. B.Tech V Semester [ ] (Branch: ETE)
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engg. LAB MANUAL SUBJECT:-DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM [BTEC-501] B.Tech V Semester [2013-14] (Branch: ETE) KCT COLLEGE OF ENGG & TECH., FATEHGARH PUNJAB TECHNICAL
More informationDIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS. MSc in Electronic Technologies and Communications
DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS MSc in Electronic Technologies and Communications Bandpass binary signalling The common techniques of bandpass binary signalling are: - On-off keying (OOK), also known as
More informationCSCD 433 Network Programming Fall Lecture 5 Physical Layer Continued
CSCD 433 Network Programming Fall 2016 Lecture 5 Physical Layer Continued 1 Topics Definitions Analog Transmission of Digital Data Digital Transmission of Analog Data Multiplexing 2 Different Types of
More informationCommunications I (ELCN 306)
Communications I (ELCN 306) c Samy S. Soliman Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Department Cairo University, Egypt Email: samy.soliman@cu.edu.eg Website: http://scholar.cu.edu.eg/samysoliman
More informationDEPARTMENT OF CSE QUESTION BANK
DEPARTMENT OF CSE QUESTION BANK SUBJECT CODE: CS6304 SUBJECT NAME: ANALOG AND DIGITAL COMMUNICATION Part-A UNIT-I ANALOG COMMUNICATION 1.Define modulation? Modulation is a process by which some characteristics
More informationSignals and Systems Lecture 9 Communication Systems Frequency-Division Multiplexing and Frequency Modulation (FM)
Signals and Systems Lecture 9 Communication Systems Frequency-Division Multiplexing and Frequency Modulation (FM) April 11, 2008 Today s Topics 1. Frequency-division multiplexing 2. Frequency modulation
More informationAM, PM and FM mo m dula l ti t o i n
AM, PM and FM modulation What is amplitude modulation In order that a radio signal can carry audio or other information for broadcasting or for two way radio communication, it must be modulated or changed
More informationUNIT-1. Basic signal processing operations in digital communication
UNIT-1 Lecture-1 Basic signal processing operations in digital communication The three basic elements of every communication systems are Transmitter, Receiver and Channel. The Overall purpose of this system
More informationTime division multiplexing The block diagram for TDM is illustrated as shown in the figure
CHAPTER 2 Syllabus: 1) Pulse amplitude modulation 2) TDM 3) Wave form coding techniques 4) PCM 5) Quantization noise and SNR 6) Robust quantization Pulse amplitude modulation In pulse amplitude modulation,
More informationMobile & Wireless Networking. Lecture 2: Wireless Transmission (2/2)
192620010 Mobile & Wireless Networking Lecture 2: Wireless Transmission (2/2) [Schiller, Section 2.6 & 2.7] [Reader Part 1: OFDM: An architecture for the fourth generation] Geert Heijenk Outline of Lecture
More informationClass 4 ((Communication and Computer Networks))
Class 4 ((Communication and Computer Networks)) Lesson 5... SIGNAL ENCODING TECHNIQUES Abstract Both analog and digital information can be encoded as either analog or digital signals. The particular encoding
More informationCommunication Channels
Communication Channels wires (PCB trace or conductor on IC) optical fiber (attenuation 4dB/km) broadcast TV (50 kw transmit) voice telephone line (under -9 dbm or 110 µw) walkie-talkie: 500 mw, 467 MHz
More informationDIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS LAB
DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS LAB List of Experiments: 1. PCM Generation and Detection. 2. Differential Pulse Code modulation. 3. Delta modulation. 4. Time Division Multiplexing of 2band Limited Signals. 5. Frequency
More informationS.E. (Electronics/Electronics and Telecommunication Engg.) (Second Semester) EXAMINATION, 2014 COMMUNICATION THEORY (2008 PATTERN)
Total No. of Questions 12] [Total No. of Printed Pages 7 Seat No. [4657]-49 S.E. (Electronics/Electronics and Telecommunication Engg.) (Second Semester) EXAMINATION, 2014 COMMUNICATION THEORY (2008 PATTERN)
More informationTopic Pulse Modulation. analyse and draw graphs to illustrate the following pulse carrier
Learning Objectives: At the end of this topic you will be able to; analyse and draw graphs to illustrate the following pulse carrier modulation techniques: o Pulse width modulation o Pulse position modulation
More information2. TELECOMMUNICATIONS BASICS
2. TELECOMMUNICATIONS BASICS The purpose of any telecommunications system is to transfer information from the sender to the receiver by a means of a communication channel. The information is carried by
More informationSEN366 Computer Networks
SEN366 Computer Networks Prof. Dr. Hasan Hüseyin BALIK (5 th Week) 5. Signal Encoding Techniques 5.Outline An overview of the basic methods of encoding digital data into a digital signal An overview of
More informationANALOGUE AND DIGITAL COMMUNICATION
ANALOGUE AND DIGITAL COMMUNICATION Syed M. Zafi S. Shah Umair M. Qureshi Lecture xxx: Analogue to Digital Conversion Topics Pulse Modulation Systems Advantages & Disadvantages Pulse Code Modulation Pulse
More informationChapter 2 TELEMETRY SYETEMS
Chapter 2 TELEMETRY SYETEMS Dr. H.K. VERMA Distinguished Professor Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering School of Engineering and Technology SHARDA UNIVERSITY Greater Noida, India website:
More informationLecture 6. Angle Modulation and Demodulation
Lecture 6 and Demodulation Agenda Introduction to and Demodulation Frequency and Phase Modulation Angle Demodulation FM Applications Introduction The other two parameters (frequency and phase) of the carrier
More informationElectronics Interview Questions
Electronics Interview Questions 1. What is Electronic? The study and use of electrical devices that operate by controlling the flow of electrons or other electrically charged particles. 2. What is communication?
More informationDELTA MODULATION. PREPARATION principle of operation slope overload and granularity...124
DELTA MODULATION PREPARATION...122 principle of operation...122 block diagram...122 step size calculation...124 slope overload and granularity...124 slope overload...124 granular noise...125 noise and
More informationPULSE CODE MODULATION (PCM)
PULSE CODE MODULATION (PCM) 1. PCM quantization Techniques 2. PCM Transmission Bandwidth 3. PCM Coding Techniques 4. PCM Integrated Circuits 5. Advantages of PCM 6. Delta Modulation 7. Adaptive Delta Modulation
More informationSOFTWARE SIMULATION TECHNIQUES FOR TEACHING COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Abstract SOFTWARE SIMULATION TECHNIQUES FOR TEACHING COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Z. GHASSEMLOOY and R. SAATCHI School of Engineering, Sheffield Hallam University, Pond St., Sheffield, UK. Theoretical concepts
More informationChapter-1: Introduction
Chapter-1: Introduction The purpose of a Communication System is to transport an information bearing signal from a source to a user destination via a communication channel. MODEL OF A COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
More informationCommunication Systems Lecture-12: Delta Modulation and PTM
Communication Systems Lecture-12: Delta Modulation and PTM Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Lebanese American University chadi.abourjeily@lau.edu.lb October 26, 2017 Delta Modulation (1)
More informationDownloaded from 1
VII SEMESTER FINAL EXAMINATION-2004 Attempt ALL questions. Q. [1] How does Digital communication System differ from Analog systems? Draw functional block diagram of DCS and explain the significance of
More informationSignal Encoding Techniques
2 Techniques ITS323: to Data Communications CSS331: Fundamentals of Data Communications Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology Thammasat University Prepared by Steven Gordon on 3 August 2015
More informationLecture 10. Digital Modulation
Digital Modulation Lecture 10 On-Off keying (OOK), or amplitude shift keying (ASK) Phase shift keying (PSK), particularly binary PSK (BPSK) Frequency shift keying Typical spectra Modulation/demodulation
More informationPulse Code Modulation
Pulse Code Modulation Modulation is the process of varying one or more parameters of a carrier signal in accordance with the instantaneous values of the message signal. The message signal is the signal
More informationDepartment of Communication Engineering Digital Communication Systems Lab CME 313-Lab
German Jordanian University Department of Communication Engineering Digital Communication Systems Lab CME 313-Lab Experiment 2 Pulse Modulation Eng. AnasAlashqar Dr. Ala' Khalifeh 1 Experiment 1Experiment
More informationWireless Communication Fading Modulation
EC744 Wireless Communication Fall 2008 Mohamed Essam Khedr Department of Electronics and Communications Wireless Communication Fading Modulation Syllabus Tentatively Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5
More informationDIGITAL COMMUNICATION
DIGITAL COMMUNICATION TRAINING LAB Digital communication has emerged to augment or replace the conventional analog systems, which had been used widely a few decades back. Digital communication has demonstrated
More informationDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering 1
UNIT I SAMPLING AND QUANTIZATION Pulse Modulation 1. Explain in detail the generation of PWM and PPM signals (16) (M/J 2011) 2. Explain in detail the concept of PWM and PAM (16) (N/D 2012) 3. What is the
More informationIn this lecture. System Model Power Penalty Analog transmission Digital transmission
System Model Power Penalty Analog transmission Digital transmission In this lecture Analog Data Transmission vs. Digital Data Transmission Analog to Digital (A/D) Conversion Digital to Analog (D/A) Conversion
More informationDigital Communication System
Digital Communication System Purpose: communicate information at certain rate between geographically separated locations reliably (quality) Important point: rate, quality spectral bandwidth requirement
More informationLevel 6 Graduate Diploma in Engineering Electronics and telecommunications
9210-116 Level 6 Graduate Diploma in Engineering Electronics and telecommunications Sample Paper You should have the following for this examination one answer book non-programmable calculator pen, pencil,
More informationA DSP IMPLEMENTED DIGITAL FM MULTIPLEXING SYSTEM
A DSP IMPLEMENTED DIGITAL FM MULTIPLEXING SYSTEM Item Type text; Proceedings Authors Rosenthal, Glenn K. Publisher International Foundation for Telemetering Journal International Telemetering Conference
More informationEND-OF-YEAR EXAMINATIONS ELEC321 Communication Systems (D2) Tuesday, 22 November 2005, 9:20 a.m. Three hours plus 10 minutes reading time.
END-OF-YEAR EXAMINATIONS 2005 Unit: Day and Time: Time Allowed: ELEC321 Communication Systems (D2) Tuesday, 22 November 2005, 9:20 a.m. Three hours plus 10 minutes reading time. Total Number of Questions:
More informationSignal Characteristics
Data Transmission The successful transmission of data depends upon two factors:» The quality of the transmission signal» The characteristics of the transmission medium Some type of transmission medium
More informationOFDM AS AN ACCESS TECHNIQUE FOR NEXT GENERATION NETWORK
OFDM AS AN ACCESS TECHNIQUE FOR NEXT GENERATION NETWORK Akshita Abrol Department of Electronics & Communication, GCET, Jammu, J&K, India ABSTRACT With the rapid growth of digital wireless communication
More informationItem no. (Applied. Component) (Credit effect from
AC 29/4/13 Item no. 4.96 UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI Syllabus for Sem V &VI Program: B..Sc. Course: Radio and Telecommunication (Applied Component) (Credit Based Semester and Grading System with effect from the
More informationMODULATION AND MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES
1 MODULATION AND MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES Networks and Communication Department Dr. Marwah Ahmed Outlines 2 Introduction Digital Transmission Digital Modulation Digital Transmission of Analog Signal
More informationReview of Lecture 2. Data and Signals - Theoretical Concepts. Review of Lecture 2. Review of Lecture 2. Review of Lecture 2. Review of Lecture 2
Data and Signals - Theoretical Concepts! What are the major functions of the network access layer? Reference: Chapter 3 - Stallings Chapter 3 - Forouzan Study Guide 3 1 2! What are the major functions
More information01/26/2015 DIGITAL INTERLEAVED PWM FOR ENVELOPE TRACKING CONVERTERS. Pallab Midya, Ph.D.
1 DIGITAL INTERLEAVED PWM FOR ENVELOPE TRACKING CONVERTERS Pallab Midya, Ph.D. pallab.midya@adxesearch.com ABSTRACT The bandwidth of a switched power converter is limited by Nyquist sampling theory. Further,
More informationCHAPTER -15. Communication Systems
CHAPTER -15 Communication Systems COMMUNICATION Communication is the act of transmission and reception of information. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM: A system comprises of transmitter, communication channel and
More informationCHAPTER 3 Syllabus (2006 scheme syllabus) Differential pulse code modulation DPCM transmitter
CHAPTER 3 Syllabus 1) DPCM 2) DM 3) Base band shaping for data tranmission 4) Discrete PAM signals 5) Power spectra of discrete PAM signal. 6) Applications (2006 scheme syllabus) Differential pulse code
More informationSpread Spectrum Communications and Jamming Prof. Debarati Sen G S Sanyal School of Telecommunications Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur
Spread Spectrum Communications and Jamming Prof. Debarati Sen G S Sanyal School of Telecommunications Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture 07 Slow and Fast Frequency Hopping Hello students,
More informationAn Introduction to Spectrum Analyzer. An Introduction to Spectrum Analyzer
1 An Introduction to Spectrum Analyzer 2 Chapter 1. Introduction As a result of rapidly advancement in communication technology, all the mobile technology of applications has significantly and profoundly
More informationKeywords Internet, LabVIEW, Smart Classroom-cum-Laboratory, Teaching and Learning process of communication.
Volume 4, Issue 10, October 2014 ISSN: 2277 128X International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering Research Paper Available online at: www.ijarcsse.com Smart Classroom-cum-Laboratory
More informationChapter 3. Amplitude Modulation Fundamentals
Chapter 3 Amplitude Modulation Fundamentals Topics Covered 3-1: AM Concepts 3-2: Modulation Index and Percentage of Modulation 3-3: Sidebands and the Frequency Domain 3-4: AM Power 3-5: Single-Sideband
More informationExam Booklet. Pulse Circuits
Exam Booklet Pulse Circuits Pulse Circuits STUDY ASSIGNMENT This booklet contains two examinations for the six lessons entitled Pulse Circuits. The material is intended to provide the last training sought
More informationCOMPUTER COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKS ENCODING TECHNIQUES
COMPUTER COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKS ENCODING TECHNIQUES Encoding Coding is the process of embedding clocks into a given data stream and producing a signal that can be transmitted over a selected medium.
More informationUNIT I FUNDAMENTALS OF ANALOG COMMUNICATION Introduction In the Microbroadcasting services, a reliable radio communication system is of vital importance. The swiftly moving operations of modern communities
More informationEE 460L University of Nevada, Las Vegas ECE Department
EE 460L PREPARATION 1- ASK Amplitude shift keying - ASK - in the context of digital communications is a modulation process which imparts to a sinusoid two or more discrete amplitude levels. These are related
More informationOutline. Communications Engineering 1
Outline Introduction Signal, random variable, random process and spectra Analog modulation Analog to digital conversion Digital transmission through baseband channels Signal space representation Optimal
More informationELEC3242 Communications Engineering Laboratory Amplitude Modulation (AM)
ELEC3242 Communications Engineering Laboratory 1 ---- Amplitude Modulation (AM) 1. Objectives 1.1 Through this the laboratory experiment, you will investigate demodulation of an amplitude modulated (AM)
More informationTwelve voice signals, each band-limited to 3 khz, are frequency -multiplexed using 1 khz guard bands between channels and between the main carrier
Twelve voice signals, each band-limited to 3 khz, are frequency -multiplexed using 1 khz guard bands between channels and between the main carrier and the first channel. The modulation of the main carrier
More informationCommunication Theory II
Communication Theory II Lecture 17: Conversion of Analog Waveforms into Coded Pulses Ahmed Elnakib, PhD Assistant Professor, Mansoura University, Egypt April 16 th, 2015 1 opulse Modulation Analog Pulse
More informationThe quality of the transmission signal The characteristics of the transmission medium. Some type of transmission medium is required for transmission:
Data Transmission The successful transmission of data depends upon two factors: The quality of the transmission signal The characteristics of the transmission medium Some type of transmission medium is
More informationChapter 2 Direct-Sequence Systems
Chapter 2 Direct-Sequence Systems A spread-spectrum signal is one with an extra modulation that expands the signal bandwidth greatly beyond what is required by the underlying coded-data modulation. Spread-spectrum
More informationPhysical Layer. Dr. Sanjay P. Ahuja, Ph.D. Fidelity National Financial Distinguished Professor of CIS. School of Computing, UNF
Physical Layer Dr. Sanjay P. Ahuja, Ph.D. Fidelity National Financial Distinguished Professor of CIS School of Computing, UNF Multiplexing Transmission channels are expensive. It is often that two communicating
More informationLecture 3 Concepts for the Data Communications and Computer Interconnection
Lecture 3 Concepts for the Data Communications and Computer Interconnection Aim: overview of existing methods and techniques Terms used: -Data entities conveying meaning (of information) -Signals data
More informationTSEK02: Radio Electronics Lecture 2: Modulation (I) Ted Johansson, EKS, ISY
TSEK02: Radio Electronics Lecture 2: Modulation (I) Ted Johansson, EKS, ISY An Overview of Modulation Techniques: chapter 3.1 3.3.1 2 Introduction (3.1) Analog Modulation Amplitude Modulation Phase and
More informationFDM- FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING
FDM- FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING Multiplexing to refer to the combination of information streams from multiple sources for transmission over a shared medium Demultiplexing to refer to the separation
More informationModulation is the process of impressing a low-frequency information signal (baseband signal) onto a higher frequency carrier signal
Modulation is the process of impressing a low-frequency information signal (baseband signal) onto a higher frequency carrier signal Modulation is a process of mixing a signal with a sinusoid to produce
More informationDigital Communication System
Digital Communication System Purpose: communicate information at required rate between geographically separated locations reliably (quality) Important point: rate, quality spectral bandwidth, power requirements
More informationDirect Digital Synthesis Primer
Direct Digital Synthesis Primer Ken Gentile, Systems Engineer ken.gentile@analog.com David Brandon, Applications Engineer David.Brandon@analog.com Ted Harris, Applications Engineer Ted.Harris@analog.com
More informationDepartment of Electronic and Information Engineering. Communication Laboratory
Department of Electronic and Information Engineering Communication Laboratory Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) & Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) & Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (DQPSK)
More informationData Communications & Computer Networks
Data Communications & Computer Networks Chapter 3 Data Transmission Fall 2008 Agenda Terminology and basic concepts Analog and Digital Data Transmission Transmission impairments Channel capacity Home Exercises
More informationRF Basics 15/11/2013
27 RF Basics 15/11/2013 Basic Terminology 1/2 dbm is a measure of RF Power referred to 1 mw (0 dbm) 10mW(10dBm), 500 mw (27dBm) PER Packet Error Rate [%] percentage of the packets not successfully received
More informationTSEK02: Radio Electronics Lecture 2: Modulation (I) Ted Johansson, EKS, ISY
TSEK02: Radio Electronics Lecture 2: Modulation (I) Ted Johansson, EKS, ISY 2 Basic Definitions Time and Frequency db conversion Power and dbm Filter Basics 3 Filter Filter is a component with frequency
More informationAnalog Synthesizer: Functional Description
Analog Synthesizer: Functional Description Documentation and Technical Information Nolan Lem (2013) Abstract This analog audio synthesizer consists of a keyboard controller paired with several modules
More informationSUMMER 14 EXAMINATION Model Answer
SUMMER 14 EXAMINATION Model Answer Subject Code: 12188 Important Instructions to examiners: 1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme. 2)
More informationEE390 Final Exam Fall Term 2002 Friday, December 13, 2002
Name Page 1 of 11 EE390 Final Exam Fall Term 2002 Friday, December 13, 2002 Notes 1. This is a 2 hour exam, starting at 9:00 am and ending at 11:00 am. The exam is worth a total of 50 marks, broken down
More informationCode No: R Set No. 1
Code No: R05220405 Set No. 1 II B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, Apr/May 2007 ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS ( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering and Electronics & Telematics) Time: 3 hours
More informationSome key functions implemented in the transmitter are modulation, filtering, encoding, and signal transmitting (to be elaborated)
1 An electrical communication system enclosed in the dashed box employs electrical signals to deliver user information voice, audio, video, data from source to destination(s). An input transducer may be
More informationComplex Sounds. Reading: Yost Ch. 4
Complex Sounds Reading: Yost Ch. 4 Natural Sounds Most sounds in our everyday lives are not simple sinusoidal sounds, but are complex sounds, consisting of a sum of many sinusoids. The amplitude and frequency
More informationLecture 3: Data Transmission
Lecture 3: Data Transmission 1 st semester 1439-2017 1 By: Elham Sunbu OUTLINE Data Transmission DATA RATE LIMITS Transmission Impairments Examples DATA TRANSMISSION The successful transmission of data
More informationRAO PAHALD SINGH GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS BALANA(MOHINDER GARH)123029
1 COMMUNICATION SYSTEM LAB (EE-226 -F) Communication System Lab (EE-226-F) LAB MANUAL IV SEMESTER RAO PAHALD SINGH GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS BALANA(MOHINDER GARH)123029 Department Of Electronics and Communication
More informationLecture Outline. Data and Signals. Analogue Data on Analogue Signals. OSI Protocol Model
Lecture Outline Data and Signals COMP312 Richard Nelson richardn@cs.waikato.ac.nz http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz Analogue Data on Analogue Signals Digital Data on Analogue Signals Analogue Data on Digital
More informationOptimized BPSK and QAM Techniques for OFDM Systems
I J C T A, 9(6), 2016, pp. 2759-2766 International Science Press ISSN: 0974-5572 Optimized BPSK and QAM Techniques for OFDM Systems Manikandan J.* and M. Manikandan** ABSTRACT A modulation is a process
More informationELEC3242 Communications Engineering Laboratory Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
ELEC3242 Communications Engineering Laboratory 1 ---- Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) 1) Frequency Shift Keying Objectives To appreciate the principle of frequency shift keying and its relationship to analogue
More informationECE 4203: COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING LAB II
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING ECE 4203: COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING LAB II SEMESTER 2, 2017/2018 DIGITAL MODULATIONS INTRODUCTION In many digital communication systems, cable (as for data
More informationtwo computers. 2- Providing a channel between them for transmitting and receiving the signals through it.
1. Introduction: Communication is the process of transmitting the messages that carrying information, where the two computers can be communicated with each other if the two conditions are available: 1-
More informationUNIT TEST I Digital Communication
Time: 1 Hour Class: T.E. I & II Max. Marks: 30 Q.1) (a) A compact disc (CD) records audio signals digitally by using PCM. Assume the audio signal B.W. to be 15 khz. (I) Find Nyquist rate. (II) If the Nyquist
More informationData Communications and Networking (Module 2)
Data Communications and Networking (Module 2) Chapter 5 Signal Encoding Techniques References: Book Chapter 5 Data and Computer Communications, 8th edition, by William Stallings 1 Outline Overview Encoding
More informationFundamentals of Digital Communication
Fundamentals of Digital Communication Network Infrastructures A.A. 2017/18 Digital communication system Analog Digital Input Signal Analog/ Digital Low Pass Filter Sampler Quantizer Source Encoder Channel
More informationOutline / Wireless Networks and Applications Lecture 3: Physical Layer Signals, Modulation, Multiplexing. Cartoon View 1 A Wave of Energy
Outline 18-452/18-750 Wireless Networks and Applications Lecture 3: Physical Layer Signals, Modulation, Multiplexing Peter Steenkiste Carnegie Mellon University Spring Semester 2017 http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~prs/wirelesss17/
More information