Een GPS naderingshulpmiddel voor de kleine luchtvaart

Transcription

1 Technische ontwikkelingen: Een GPS naderingshulpmiddel voor de kleine luchtvaart Christian Tiberius Faculteit Luchtvaart- en Ruimtevaarttechniek TU Delft WORKSHOP Is er nog Lucht(ruim) voor de Kleine Luchtvaart November 14, 2008 LVNL Schiphol Oost 1

2 satellite navigation: GPS initiated by US Department of Defense (DoD), operated by US Air Force (USAF) provide to US military: position - velocity time; civil use allowed control ground antenna MCS uplink monitor stations space user measure ranges to 4 satellites to determine: X, Y, Z and receiver clock offset X Z Y annual worldwide sales of GPS products and services: US$ 25 billion (2006) 2

3 sat-nav error sources satellite orbit & clock atmosphere ionosphere troposphere receiver noise + multipath Earth 3

4 GPS error budget (stand-alone) TU Delft values from experience GPS as of 2008 NOTE: with iono 50% can be corrected with Klobuchar model (broadcast parameters); with tropo 90% can be corrected with a-priori (blind) model; corrections assumed to be applied in above total range figure 4

5 The use of GPS is for free, We will continue to provide the GPS Standard Positioning Service for peaceful civil, commercial and scientific use on a continuous, worldwide basis, free of direct user fees. GPS Presidential Decision Directive, March 1996 but with little service and performance guarantees 5

6 augmented GPS: WADGPS use GPS information from external sources, e.g. a permanent tracking network across Europe goal: - improve accuracy - improve integrity Wide Area Differential GPS (WADGPS): e.g. WAAS, EGNOS, and MSAS 6

7 EUROCONTROL policy on GNSS navigation applications in civil aviation: gradually increasing reliance on satellite navigation, with final goal its use as sole service ION GNSS 2008 September 16-19, 2008 Savannah Georgia next 3 slides 7

8 GNSS policy EUROCONTROL = European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation primary objective: development of a seamless, pan-european Air Traffic Management system to proceed towards a successful transition to GNSS policy to be applied in SESAR (Single European Sky ATM Research) need for Galileo Safety-of-Life (SoL) service 8

9 GNSS policy The vision for the use of a multi-constellation and multi-frequency GNSS in This EUROCONTROL policy on GNSS is based on a gradually increasing reliance on satellite navigation that has as the final goal its use as sole service, to the extent that this can be shown to be the most cost beneficial solution and if is supported by successful safety and security analyses. The vision for implementing this policy is based on the combined use of at least two constellations signals coming from more than one frequency band. User receivers will process signals from different GNSS constellations in combination with augmentations (e.g. ABAS, GBAS or SBAS depending on individual business cases and the phase of flight). 9

10 operational implementation en-route: enhanced sat-nav at aircraft level (i.e. ABAS based on inertial coupling and/or RAIM functionality), EGNOS (SBAS) and Galileo SoL possibly complete withdrawal of ground nav infrastructure in the very long term (2030+) approach and landing: ILS remains primary source of guidance for CAT I/II/III operations in major airports (precision approach and landing); long term developments towards GBAS CAT II/III vertically guided approach (APV): e.g. through SBAS (EGNOS); EGNOS certified 2009/2010 (application: General Aviation, LPV operations at runways not equipped with ILS) 10

11 Galileo European Global Navigation Satellite System to be deployed by 2013 ESA civil system, under civil control transportation infrastructure to be operated by Concessionaire ESA Galileo is a trademark of the European Commission and the space program Galileo is a joint initiative of the European Commission and the European Space Agency 11

12 EU 6 FP project LANDING aid pilots of small and medium aircraft, in particular during approach and landing (at small airports) European consortium, led by Epsilon GIS Technologies SA in Greece and ESRI GeoInformatik GmbH in Germany EC contract EC-FP6-AST5-CT

13 LANDING: GPS+EGNOS navigation aid to landing assisting pilots to safely land on small and poorly equipped fields under badweather and low-visibility conditions 13

14 hardware: sat-nav component or, PolaNt survey antenna small patch antenna cable with TNC-connector to receiver Septentrio AsteRx1 GNSS (L1) receiver USB-cable to PC provides 5 V DC power to Rx & bi-direct. I/O with PC 14

15 hardware 3DOF orientation tracker: 3D acceleration, 3D rate or turn (gyro) and 3D Earth magnetic field control deflections sensor (elevator and aileron displacement - optical) pilot-interface: 6.5 transreflective TFT 1024x768 pixels many different visualization possibilities/selections on-board computer (with database) 15

16 Lisbon - PT data acquisition ortho-photos terrain models (3D) from radar and lidar Bolzano - I resolution and accuracy dependent on distance to airport 16

17 tunnel-in-the-sky: prediction tunnel generation: accounts for flight mechanics considerations and safety corridor; aircraft position is predicted ahead in time 17

18 integrated tunnel-in-the-sky real-time rendering and 3-D visualization LIBP Airport Bolzano Tunnel Center Line Ground Track 18

19 LANDING: flight-tests at Bolzano DA42 19

20 Flight test sat-nav component GPS antenna Cessna Citation II

21 Amsterdam Airport Schiphol Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring 52 North, 5 East at 1400 m altitude speed m/s 150 km accurate ground truth trajectory ( < 1 dm) (through dual freq. carrier DGPS to ref-stations) assess actual Position Error (PE) 4 hour flight 21

22 Position Error 22 flight test: 4 hours at 1 second interval accurate ground-truth trajectory established 95% HPE 1.05 m; 95% VPE 2.20 m

23 satellite navigation SBAS positioning (with EGNOS) delivers 1 m horizontal and 2 m vertical accuracy position quality guaranteed: integrity + reliability LANDING project 3-D guiding system for small aircraft to small airfields navigational aid and great situational awareness no ground-infrastructure required low cost h/w and s/w (COTS, ISO) easy to install and maintain working prototype pre-industrial phase 23

24 Faculty of Aerospace Engineering Delft University of Technology TU Delft Kluyverweg 1 NL-2629 HS DELFT (phone) (fax)