Monday February 4, Lart Lecture:

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Monday February 4, Lart Lecture:"

Nicholas Lane
6 years ago
Views:

1 Lart Lecture: Monday February 4, 2013 Neo- Classicism: Late 18h c through mid-19thc Romanticism: early 19 th c Impressionalism: 1870 s c Post-impressionism: started in 1880 Academic painting: the entire 19 th c Realism Courbert, Milet The anonymous society of artists, painters and scupltors and printmakers ect Claude Monet: impression: sunrise 1870: the siege of Paris 1871: the commune uprising Realism: - related to social and political issues, contemporary - many class based uprising across Europe - a lot of political turmoil - the mini revolutions (economic, social, political) had 18 th century enlightenment ideas, discusses human rights - can trace today s human rights ideas to the enlightenment ideas - people didn t think about human rights in the same way as before the enlightenment - new idea - struggle between working class and borzoi - see the rise of factories and mechanized ideas - factory owners are very wealthy, the factory workers are struggling - some factor owners and a lot of people who are moving from the country to the city to work in factories - wage labour is developed, creates a lot of tension - changes the socio-economic structure (how people work in their day to day lives) - beginning of capitalism - small specialized stores (thread stores, shoe maker) to the development of department stores (similar to toady) o causes a lot of social tension - many uprising and struggles - a lot of difficult social issues - a lot of people moving from the country to the city are in poverty - way more upper middle class - late 19 th c Paris was a party city - people leave their families and move to the city - city world was written about

2 Realism in art: - trying to express these social issues in painting, issues of class and poverty and politics - tried to respond to social and political changes - did it through observation and by showing - or did it through satire - also significant changes happening in the art world - in the past artists had survived by being commissioned (noble classes) - shift now where artists use dealers (gives to the dealer and the dealer sells it for them and gets a percentage of the cost of the painting) - dealers were like a middle man between the artists and the patrion - a loss of hand made crafts due to factories because they are mass produced - another shift is that we see the emergence of art critics (how someones art sells) - art criticism is linked to the development of mass media (daily and weekly news papers) - many people can read and write - most significant Charlotte Baudelaire - reason we have more artists is because of upper class people could afford to get a picture taken - a time of a lot of contradiction and change Picture 1: The Stone Breakers By Gustave Courbet - most well known realist painter - believed that the artists job was to show what they know not what they imagined - the leader of the realist movement in france - they should represent their own time and their own place (no more history paintings) - no more paintings of far away exotic paintings - focus on what is happening now - show me an angle and ill paint you one (his manifesto) o referring to centuries of religious paintings - believed art should come from the experience of life - he is privileging observation over what you can imagine o academy was the opposite of that - modern idea (role of artist is to observe and show) - philosophical shift in art - 2 men engaged in work - breaking down stones - lowest of the low (work) - hacking at stones to break them down to be used - does not hide the fact that they are poor - does not hide their tattered clothes

3 - left man : shirt is ripped - right man: paints are patched - he does not dress them up in ancient clothes - puts them in the clothes that they are working - art is not for the people he is painting - was active in politics - while he is trying to tell his story there is part of the past caught up - is making a statement about one man being too young and one being too old - life before people moved into the city - shows us 2 figures but does not show us their faces - not a portrait - monumentalized - they are in the foreground - take up a lot of space - they reach right across the canvas - way of forcing us to see what their lives are like (to observe) - was involved in workers uprising - he is active as well as observing Picture 2: The Gleaners By Jean-Francois Millet - takes a bit from romanticism and a bit from realism - painting about labour - deals with contemporary people - takes the work of farmers and makes it heroic - gleaners are the poorest of the poor farms (do not own their own farm) - they savage for left over wheat and things after farms have been cleared - back breaking work, bent over all day - bending down to pick up scraps left over - Millet monumentalize them and gives their work importance - Also makes visible the hardships peasants are making - Woman s hand is red from digging in the bare dirt - It is realistic - Showing us exactly what this work is - Millet was heavily criticized for using peasants in his work o Was not a suitable subject for higher class o No ideal here o Convays message of rural life (red hand, large farm and shows them not owning the farm but they are working there) - The woman are in shadow - Foreground is dark - He is using light and dark symbolically (gives us a message) - Makes them seem bigger than life because they are in the foreground and he makes their body big - When something is larger than life it is making them heroic

4 - Light and dark = rich and poor Impressionism: Painting 3: Impression, Sunrise - later in the 19 th century in the 1870 s - has some connection to realism - were a group of young people who were influenced by Corbet - also influenced by Manet - they wanted to make similar paintings but with a different style - interested in contemporary life - they are realist in their subject matter - by the 1870 s realism is accepted - in 1874 people organized and exhibition of art Anonyms society - critics hated it, hated this style - most peoples today favorite style of painting is impressionism - one critic complained about this painting in the newspaper o called them impressionists (insult) o derogatory name o they decided they liked that word - young painters tried to capture scenes that were a glimpse in the moment Wednesday February 6, 2013 Impressionism: Most popular movement Characteristic: share subject matter shared with post-impressionism and Interest of the properties of life natural or artificial, painted right in the scene, more portable allowed them to paint in the scene at that exact moment, done quickly, some critics thought that meant they weren t finished cause they looked unfinished Also painted landscape and family life Le Berceau (The Cradle) by Berthe Morisot, 1872 Female Typical subject matter, everyday life for Impressionism Crib is beyond functional Not focusing on social/political issues or historical subject Family life Dance at Bougival Pierre Auguste Renoir, 1883 About modernity, a lot of things to do in Paris Dances were very popular form of entertainment Typical subject matter

5 Daily life in the modern city of Paris Balcony above the Boulevard Haussmann Gustave Caillebotte ( ) 1880 Two, middle class men(how they are dressed) Looking over balcony, new area of Paris Paris today looks very similar, can t be over 6 stories Big BLVD s on apartment blocks This is showing the modern part of the city as the medival parts are mostly gone Standing looking down on the city The Portal of Rouen Cathedral in Morning Light Claude Monet (French, ) Creation Date: 1894 How light worked on objects, indoors and out He painted the same cathedral at different times of the day to see how it looks at each period Rouen Cathedral, Facade Claude Monet French, , European; French Rouen Cathedral Facade and Tour d'albane (Morning effect) Claude Monet French, , European; French. Rouen Cathedral: The Portal (in Sun) Claude Monet, French, Rouen Cathedral: The Portal, Gray Weather, Gray Harmony Claude Monet 1892 Cloudy day Six Versions of the Rouen Cathedral Series Monet, Claude, Did many of these studies, subject: cathedral & light itself Wasn t just natural! Gas lamps, inside a café People were able to paint outside, could do work directly outside because of pre mixed paints

6 A Bar at the Folies-Bergere Eduard Manet (French painter, ) (Suzon, model, didn t work in the Folies-Bergere) Rejected by academy, not shown by the salon Close analysis: Impressionist painting, not an impressionist painter though End of his life Folies-Bergere, club in Paris (caber) opened in 1869, may be open today Large space where people would be entertained, dancing(can-can), music, singers, comedians kind of like burlesque In a big space Very busy and voictress Drinking and drugs (Opium and Cocaine, not illegal at that time) Mixing of classes in these areas, new & fun which is why impressionist were interested in this First real Avant Guard types of painting at the time Woman who is facing us, bard maid Marble counter top, bottles of champagne, and bowl of fruit Another woman and a man What you think is the background is actually a reflection because it is a mirror Tricky/interesting painting Really looking at light and shadows in this painting Artificial light, chandeliers Soft brush strokes, but it is not soft or smooth/clear/clean You can see the texture of the paint on the canvas Last major work Wanted to capture the fleeting moment of modernity Trying to capture this impression Merged the woman and the sketches of the club together into one painting Composition: a lot of horizontal lines, bar goes right across the bottom, doesn t let you into the painting, band below the mirror and the mirror itself Gold frame below her bracelet is the frame for the mirror Vertical lines: her body, walls where the lines are and the bottles Some say the lines don t match up for it to be an accurate picture of the mirror Cropped in a way we see photographer cropped Man on the right is cut off, this is an element of photographer Only shows us what s in the view finder By cropping it it s showing us the real moment in daily life, its what I see in this moment

7 Very modern painting, not a tone of color in this painting almost monochromatic Color photography was not invented yet Elements are influenced by photography (what she believes) Close ups: Chandelier in top corner Some of the people aren t able to distinguished, you wouldn t actually see them clear in real life Subject of the painting is the light Globs of white to show the light on an object like the bottles or her back A bit blurred, comes from knowledge of photography Hazy room, showing how light is trying to shine through the smoky haze Bored/aloof expressions Not interested, detached from us and the man, doesn t look happy Looking at us and the man Dance at the Moulin de la Galette Auguste Renoir, 1876 Vision After the Sermon (Jacob Wrestling with the Angel) Gauguin, Paul, French, Pére Tanguy by Vincent van Gogh, 1887 Renior: Dance at the Moulin de la Galette Auguste Renoir, 1876 Monday February 11 th 2013

8 - what was happening in the modern city - contemporary daily life - example of an impressionist painting - study of life - outdoors - can really see the life filtering through the trees onto the people - the sunlight is very important - very soft texture - different neo-classical paintings - warm colour - paint was applied in smaller texture - pleasant scene - one of they types of entertainment in paris - good life in the modern city - a lot of movement in the painting - the kind of light that wasn t seen before - we really see sunlight - sunlight blurs as it is seen through the trees - blur in the movement - traditional paintings were made with chiaroscuro (the way models were placed in the painting, emphasizing light and dark, gave 3d quality, gave shadow in painting) - light is not usually a direct source - in nature light sources change, shift and move (can be seen in the painting) - things in the back are not always clear - capture the world around us the way that we see - at this time there was a lot of conflict - a little bit of a fantasy because there was war happening at this time -

ART IN CONTEXT: Modern Art of the 19 th Century. ART 121 Lecture 15

ART IN CONTEXT: Modern Art of the 19 th Century ART 121 Lecture 15 The Rise of Modernism The modern era of art history coincides with three revolutions: Political revolutions in America and France, resulting