Chapter 15. Renaissance and Reformation. Outline Section 1 The Italian Reniassance
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1 Chapter 15 Renaissance and Reformation Outline Section 1 The Italian Reniassance
2 I. Era of Awakening A. Renaissance Ch 15 Sec 1 1. early 1300 s, Italy 2. Means rebirth 3. Philosophical and artistic movement a. Renewed interest in Greek and Roman Lit and life. b. Studied world to explore its achievements» 1) Emphasis on reason not Christianity» 2) Advances in Arts and Sciences
3 B. Causes 1. Began in Italy a. Roman Ruins=Roman Glory b. Crusades & Trade 1) Arab & African advances 2) Byzantine Scholars preserved Greek and Roman learning 3) Advances in Science and Medicine 4) Encouraged Italian curiosity for new knowledge 2. Italian cities rich from trade and industry a. Wealthy educated merchants and bankers b. Became patrons (supporters) of the arts 1) Medici s - Florence 2) Isabella d Este Mantua
4 C. Humanities 1. Study of grammar, history, Poetry and Rhetoric 2. Specialists called Humanists a. Developed critical approach to learning b. Verify through investigation c. to understand how things work 1) Emphasis on education e. People should participate and lead meaningful lives 3. Still devote Catholics a. Conflict between church and education b. life prep for afterlife, but still to be enjoyed c. believed in individual achievement 1) Use talents 2) Many both poets and scientists
5 II. Italian Renaissance Writers A. Francesco Petrarch 1. Scholar, teacher, poet a. Sonnets to Laura, the ideal woman 2. Continued work of classical writers a. study of called Classical Education 1) mark of education b. Committed to virtue 3. Worried ambition would hurt chance for salvation 4. Considered the Father of Humanism
6 Impact of Humanism Medieval Thought Humanism Church and king most important Individual is important Man is sinful Man is good with dignity and value Life s pleasures must be avoided to please God People can enjoy life and still be good Christians Accept the human condition Encouraged human achievement Accept church doctrine without question Each individual finds the truth for himself Petrarch
7 B. Niccolo Machiavelli 1. Diplomat and historian 2. Less concerned about church conflict 3. Wrote essay The Prince a. described reality of govt. not the ideal b. thought rulers should concerned w/power and success 1) Ruthless = Machiavellian 4. Considered a humanist because used Romans as models C. Baldassare Castiglione 1. Diplomat 2. Wrote The Book of the Courtier a. most famous book of renaissance b. used real people, fake conversation to explain how people should act in society (Portrait by Rafael)
8 III. Italian Renaissance Artists A. Content 1. Middle Ages a. stressed religious concerns b. depicted Holy Land 2. Renaissance a. realistic scenes & images b. life like humans c. Italian countryside B. Perspective 1. Life like 2. Distant objects small, close object larger a. creates illusion of depth
9 Perspective
10 Masaccio Artists of the Renaissance Masaccio was the first to use linear perspective in paintings. He was also the first to use a vanishing point to show perspective. His frescoes are the first examples of humanism in art. Vanishing point self-portrait The Holy Trinity
11 Masaccio Artists of the Renaissance Masaccio, Crucifixion, 1426 Fresco, Brancaccio Chapel in Florence.
12 Egg tempera paint was abandoned, replaced by oil paints. Sculptures became more realistic Perspective and natural light introduced into art. Space and form handled more realistically. Sculptures became more common. Left: Titian s Bacchius and Ariadne depicts nature. Middle: Michelangelo s Martyrdom of St. Peter illustrates perspective in Renaissance art. Right: Donatello was one of the most famous sculptors of the Renaissance.
13 Religious themes and Bible stories are still important, but there is greater use of secular themes. Raphael, Dream of Scipio ca Size: approximately 5 by 5 inches
14 More interest in depicting nature. Pieter Bruegal the Elder s The Fall of Icarus combines several elements of Renaissance art: It reflects the renewal of interest in Greek mythology, as well as the interest in representing nature.
15 More interest in depicting nature. Titian: Bacchius and Ariadne
16 Greek and Roman mythology inspired many characters in Renaissance paintings. Botticelli, Venus and Mars
17 First experiments with oil-based paints, mixing pigments with linseed oil. Jan van Eyck, Madonna with the Child reading Van Eyck is considered to be one of the great painters of the Renaissance. Van Eyck and other painters of the Netherlands made oil the standard medium of painting. Until then, tempera (pigment mixed with egg) was most commonly used.
18 C. Giotto 1. one of first realist painters a. fly in painting looked real (legend)
19 The Last Supper Giotto
20 D. Leonardo da Vinci 1. Architect, engineer, sculpture, painter & scientist 2. Science improved his painting a. sketches of animals & flying machines b. anatomy - realistic looking humans c. Math - organizing of space 3. Created a. The Last Supper b. Mona Lisa - most famous
21 Leonardo was the perfect example of a Renaissance man, that is, someone who excels in a variety of fields. He was a painter, scientist, inventor, engineer, mathematician, sculptor, architect, botanist, and writer. Leonardo da Vinci Only fifteen of Leonardo da Vinci s paintings still exist.
22 Leonardo da Vinci, Self-portrait Below: Last Supper Right: Mona Lisa Leonardo da Vinci Self-portrait The Last Supper 1498
23 The Lady with the Ermine 1485 Madonna of the Coronation
24 E. Michelangelo 1. Painter & poet 2. Works a. Sistine Chapel Painted b. David Sculpture c. St. Peters Basilica, Rome - helped design
25 Michelangelo s ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, Rome.
26 The Prophets Isaiah and Ezekiel Doni Tondo Doni Madonna, c Prophet Jeremiah Last Judgment Saint Bartholomew holding the knife he was martyred with and his flayed skin. The face on the skin is a selfportrait of Michelangelo.
27 The Creation of Adam Detail of the face of God from the Cistine Chapel by Michelangelo God separating the waters from the heavens.
28 F. Rafael 1. Hired to beautify Vatican 2. Painted frescos a. mainly Madonna s and the Virgin Mary Self-portrait by Raphael
29 School of Athens left: Resurrection of Christ St. George
30 Raphael Left: Madonna with the Fish Right: Il Spasimo Below center: Portrait of Francesco Maria I della Rovere Below left: Portrait of Baldassare Castiglione Shakespeare wrote Michelangelo Romeo paints and the Juliet ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
31 Raphael was commissioned to decorate the reception rooms of the palace of the Vatican. Adoration of The Sacrament
32 G. Titian 1. Painted The Assumption of the Virgin a. sense of drama, rich colors 2. Supported by the HREmperor 3. one of first to become wealthy off work.
33 Assunta Virgin of the Rocks Emperor Charles V at Muhlberg 1548
34 Annunciation Virgin of the Rocks Pieta: Titian s last painting
35 Left: The penitent Mary Magdalene Below: Self-portrait by Titian, c. 1485
36 End Section1
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