Renaissance

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Gwendoline Whitehead
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1 Renaissance

2 RENAISSANCE ART Renaissance means rebirth and is defined as the revival or rebirth of the arts. Beginning in Italy around 1350, it spread throughout Western Europe, lasting until the 1600s. Italian Renaissance artists were inspired by work from the Classical period. There were many phases or periods throughout the Renaissance. The period from 1420 to 1500 is most often referred to as the Early Renaissance. The term High Renaissance is used to describe anything that happened from 1500 through 1530, this involved pure, classical, balanced harmony. This was when the artists were in complete control of their materials and were capable of executing masterful works of art. After the High Renaissance a period known as Mannerism began. Mannerism marked a time when elegance was key.

3 Some of the main elements of the Renaissance were: Oil paint was used for the first time. Egg tempera had been the medium of choice prior to oil paints being used. Both symbolism and real-life events were represented together in the same artworks. Chiaroscuro: the balance of light and dark was used for the first time to show within a picture shadows rather than blocky outlines. Perspective was used for the first time. Ancient Greek and Roman ideas were the inspiration for many works in Italy. Larger than life figures appear in German art. Dutch works of art began to show hints of daily life (hunting, farming) rather than religious themes.

4 Key Vocabulary 1. Renaissance the humanistic revival of classical art, architecture, literature, and learning that originated in Italy in the 14th century. 2. revival - a restoration to use, acceptance, activity, or vigor after a period of obscurity or quiescence 3. oil paint - a paint in which the vehicle is a drying oil. Also called oil color. 4. tempera - a painting medium in which pigment is mixed with water-soluble glutinous materials such as size or egg yolk. 5. symbolism - the practice of representing things by means of symbols or of attributing symbolic meanings or significance to objects, events, or relationships. 6. neoplatonic - thought form, rooted in the philosophy of Plato 7. fresco painting a method of painting where tempra paint on plaster (usually painted directly on a wall or building. 8. horizon line line in which the earth and sky come together in a 2d landscape 9. vanishing point point on the horizon line that objects in a 2d work of art get smaller as they get closer to it 10. converging lines lines that pint to the horizon line in a 2d work of art, 11. one point perspective drawing method that shows how things appear to get smaller as they get further away, converging towards a single 'vanishing point' on the horizon line

5 Transition from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance During the Middle Ages, a period of European history from the 5 th through 15th centuries, art and learning were centered on the church and religion. But at the start of the 14th century, people became less interested in thinking about God, heaven and the saints, and more interested in thinking about themselves, their surroundings and their everyday lives. Part of this change was influenced by the study of ancient Greek and Roman (Classical period) writings on scientific matters, government, philosophy, and art. When scholars during the Renaissance began to study these writings, their interests turned away from traditional areas of study such as religion, medicine and the law. The people of the Renaissance became interested in other areas of science, the natural world, biology and astronomy. People now studied mathematics, engineering, and architecture. Artists, writers, musicians and composers began creating work outside of the church. Artists signed their work and authors wrote autobiographies and memoirs stories about themselves. The values and ideals popular during the European Renaissance can be described by the term secular humanism: secular, meaning not religious and humanism, meaning placing the study and progress of human nature at the center of interests. The rise of Humanism can be seen in paintings created by Renaissance artists. During the Middle Ages, saints in paintings wore halos (a ring or circle of light) around their heads. Artists also used hieratic scale in paintings during the Middle Ages, making saints or members of the family of God larger in scale than ordinary or less important figures. As Humanism became more popular during the Renaissance, ordinary people grew to be the same size as saints in paintings and saints began to look more like ordinary people. For example, halos became fainter and eventually disappeared during the Renaissance.

The central figures of the Madonna and child in this painting from the late Middle Ages are much larger than the four saints who stand below the Madonna or the angels gathered around the upper edges

6 The central figures of the Madonna and child in this painting from the late Middle Ages are much larger than the four saints who stand below the Madonna or the angels gathered around the upper edges of the painting. The artists made the Madonna and child larger to help viewers understand that they are the most important figures in the painting. Jacopa di Cione Madonna and Child in Glory 1360/65 Tempera and gold on panel

7 Saints occupied the same landscape as ordinary people in Renaissance paintings and the landscape was earth instead of heaven. In the Middle Ages it was common for artists to represent figures of heaven against a gold background, a symbol for the beauty and value of the atmosphere of heaven. As Renaissance artists experimented with new Humanist ideas, the natural landscape began to appear as a background in paintings. Saints left their golden atmosphere to occupy the same gardens, forests and buildings that everyday people lived in. The holy family of Mary, Joseph and baby Jesus are joined here by shepherds and an angel in the center playing a lute. The landscape around them is earthly rather than heavenly. Giovanni Agostino da Lodi Adoration of the Shepherds 1510 Oil on panel

This tempera painting, made in the early Renaissance, is an example of perspective that looks a little "off." Each item in this painting, the altar, the screen in the Background, etc.

8 This tempera painting, made in the early Renaissance, is an example of perspective that looks a little "off." Each item in this painting, the altar, the screen in the Background, etc. is accurately represented, but put them all together and they don't quite fit. Franconian School Miraculous Mass of St. Martin of Tours about 1440 Tempera and gold on canvas on panel

The Humanists of the Renaissance and their exploration of the belief that human beings can live full and happy lives before they go to heaven is still with us.

9 The Humanists of the Renaissance and their exploration of the belief that human beings can live full and happy lives before they go to heaven is still with us. Many aspects of the lives we lead, including the way school is taught and the subjects that we study, began in the Renaissance and continue to influence the way we live today. Guiliano Bugiardini Madonna and Child with St. John 1523/1525 Oil on panel

The Kress Monnogrammist The Adoration of the Magi about 1550/1560 Oil on oak pane During the Renaissance, the use mathematical perspective to represent space in paintings was invented.

10 The Kress Monnogrammist The Adoration of the Magi about 1550/1560 Oil on oak pane During the Renaissance, the use mathematical perspective to represent space in paintings was invented. Earlier attempts at representing space often resulted in furniture or buildings that look just a little "off. Using mathematical formulas, instead of just the human eye, gave artists new tools to represent threedimensional space in a convincing way. Renaissance paintings began to give the impression that the frame around the painting was a window frame, and looking at the painting was like looking through a window. Artists began to use oil paints for the first time during the Renaissance. In the Middle Ages, egg tempera was used most widely. Mixing egg yolks with pigments made egg tempera and artists made their own paints. Egg tempera dried quickly and created a flat, rough surface. Oil paint was invented in the early 15th century and created great excitement among Renaissance artists. Oil paint dried slowly, and was translucent, meaning light could shine through the paint. The characteristics of oil paint allowed artists to build layers of color and create paintings with the appearance of greater depth.

11 Annibale Carracci The Bean Eater 1582/83 Oil on canvas

12 Raphael was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. His work is admired for its clarity of form and ease of composition and for its visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur. Together with Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, he forms the traditional trinity of great masters of that period. Raphael was enormously productive, running an unusually large workshop, and despite his death at age 37, a large body of his work remains. The best known work is The School of Athens. After his early years in Rome much of his work was executed by his workshop from his drawings, with considerable loss of quality. He was extremely influential in his lifetime, though outside Rome his work was mostly known from his collaborative printmaking.

13 This depicts many famous thinkers, scientists, mathematicians, and artists of the Classical period and the Renaissance

The solutions is to use math to create the illusion of space.

14 One problem within the making of 2D art is creating the buildings and images with the proper perspective to make them appear to have form and depth. The solutions is to use math to create the illusion of space. The name of the techneque in wich artist use math to create depth and perspective is known as One- Point Perspective.

The Last Supper (1494 1499) Leonardo da Vinci tempera on gesso,

21 The Last Supper ( ) Leonardo da Vinci tempera on gesso, pitch and mastic 181 in 346 in Location: Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan

22 Michelangelo- was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, poet, and engineer of the High Renaissance. His versatility in the disciplines he took up was of such a high order that he is often considered a contender for the title of the archetypal Renaissance man, along with his fellow Italian Leonardo da Vinci. Michelangelo was considered the greatest living artist in his lifetime, and ever since then he has been held to be one of the greatest artists of all time. A number of his works in painting, sculpture, and architecture rank among the most famous in existence. His output in every field during his long life was prodigious; when the sheer volume of correspondence, sketches, and reminiscences that survive is also taken into account, he is the best-documented artist of the 16th century.

As an architect, Michelangelo pioneered the Mannerist style at the Laurentian Library. At 74 he succeeded Antonio da Sangallo the Younger as the architect of St. Peter's Basilica.

23 As an architect, Michelangelo pioneered the Mannerist style at the Laurentian Library. At 74 he succeeded Antonio da Sangallo the Younger as the architect of St. Peter's Basilica. Michelangelo transformed the plan, the western end being finished to Michelangelo's design, the dome being completed after his death with some modification. The library is renowned for the architecture planned and built by Michelangelo and is an example of Mannerism.

24 Two of his best-known works, the Pietà and David, were sculpted before he turned thirty

David is a marble statue of a standing male

statues of prophets to be positioned along the

25 David is a marble statue of a standing male nude. The statue represents the Biblical hero David. Originally commissioned as one of a series of statues of prophets to be positioned along the roofline of the east end of Florence Cathedral, the statue was instead placed in a public square.

26 The Pietà ( ) is a masterpiece of Renaissance sculpture by Michelangelo Buonarroti. It is the first of a number of works of the same theme by the artist. The sculpture, in Carrara marble. It is the only piece Michelangelo ever signed. This famous work of art depicts the body of Jesus on the lap of his mother Mary after the Crucifixion. It is an important work as it balances the Renaissance ideals of classical beauty with naturalism.

27 The Sistine Chapel is the bestknown chapel of the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the Pope in the Vatican City. It is famous for its architecture and its decoration that has fresco paintings throughout by Renaissance artists. Michelangelo painted the chapel ceiling between 1508 and Between 1535 and 1541 he painted The Last Judgment. These works are considered the crowning achievements of Western painting.

fresco in the history of Western art: the scenes from Genesis on

28 Adam The hands God Despite his low opinion of painting, Michelangelo also created two of the most influential works in fresco in the history of Western art: the scenes from Genesis on the ceiling and The Last Judgment on the altar wall of the Sistine Chapel in Rome.

29 The Creation of Adam-God is depicted as an elderly white-bearded man wrapped in a swirling cloak while Adam, on the lower left, is completely nude. God's right arm is outstretched to impart the spark of life from his own finger into that of Adam, whose left arm is extended in a pose mirroring God's, a reminder that man is created in the image and likeness of God. Another point is that Adam's finger and God's finger are not touching. It gives the impression that God, the giver of life, is reaching out to Adam who receives it; they are not on "the same level" as would be two humans shaking hands, for instance.

Only half the building was scaffolded at a time and the platform was moved as the painting was done in stages.

30 To reach the chapel's ceiling, Michelangelo designed his own scaffold, a flat wooden platform on brackets built out from holes in the wall near the top of the windows, rather than being built up from the floor. Only half the building was scaffolded at a time and the platform was moved as the painting was done in stages. Many people say he painted lying on his back, while others believed he often painted in a standing position. He often complained of the awkward positions he had to paint in.

The Last Judgment is a fresco over on the altar wall of the Sistine Chapel.It is a depiction of the Second Coming of Christ and the final and eternal judgment by God of all humanity.

31 The Last Judgment is a fresco over on the altar wall of the Sistine Chapel.It is a depiction of the Second Coming of Christ and the final and eternal judgment by God of all humanity. The souls of humans rise and descend to their fates, as judged by Christ surrounded by prominent saints. The work took four years to complete and was done between 1536 and 1541 (preparation of the altar wall began in 1535.) Michelangelo began working on it some twenty years after he finished the Sistine Chapel ceiling.

Renaissance Art - (fill in the time range above)

Name Class Renaissance Art - (fill in the time range above) 1) Renaissance meaning refers to a revival of the arts. 2) It began in Italy around and spread throughout lasting until the. 3) Renaissance artists