Other Artists. Raffaello Sanzio, became known as Raphael. Renowned painter, accomplished architect

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1 Other Artists Raphael Raffaello Sanzio, became known as Raphael Renowned painter, accomplished architect Most famous work, The School of Athens, fresco painting made on fresh, moist plaster Also well known for many paintings of the Madonna, mother of Jesus Dates: Italy

2 School of Athens

3 Leonardo da Vinci Highly talented in all fields His paintings are still studied and admired Wrote out ideas, filling 20,000 pages of notes His interests, enthusiasm boundless Talented painter but was also a writer, inventor, architect, engineer, mathematician, musician, and philosopher. -true Genius of the Renaissance. Renaissance Man Mona Lisa Last Supper Florence, Milan,

6 Bramante Renaissance architecture reached height with work of Donato Bramante Had already achieved fame when chosen architect of Rome Designed St. Peter s Basilica ;influenced appearance of many smaller churches

7 St. Peter s Basilica

8 Michelangelo Sculpture, Painting Studied anatomy Age 24, won fame with Pietà, sculpture of Jesus mother Mary holding son s dead body Sculpture communicates grief, love, acceptance, immortality Marble statue of David Most famous painting, artwork on ceiling of Sistine Chapel Scenes from Old Testament considered one of greatest achievements in art history -studied in Medici garden, supported by this patron family s, Florence, Italy

11 Secular Writers/Examples of Renaissance Men How to Act Italian diplomat Baldassare Castiglione wrote book, The Courtier Described how perfect Renaissance gentleman, gentlewoman should act Book includes fictional conversation between duke, guests Castiglione s Advice Castiglione gave nobles new rules for refined behavior in humanist society Speak of serious, as well of amusing subjects; know Latin, Greek Be well-acquainted with poetry, history; be able to write prose, poetry

12 Printing Press Mid-1400s, Johannes Gutenberg cast letters of alphabet on metal plates, locked metal plates on wooden press; perfected movable type printing Result, one of most dramatic upheavals world has ever known Printed Word Available to More Italics A Book Revolution Before only way to reproduce writing was by hand; long, painstaking process With movable type, text quickly printed; producing books faster, cheaper Easier access to books prompted more people to learn to read Gutenberg s first publication, 1,282-page Bible Printers soon appeared in other cities, made books quickly, inexpensively Explosion of printed material quickly spread Renaissance ideas

13 Philosophers and Writers Northern humanists expressed their own ideas Combined interests of theology, fiction and history Created philosophical works, novels, dramas, and poems Desiderius Erasmus Combined Christian ideas, humanism Wrote of pure, simple Christian life, educating children Fanned flames of discontent Roman Catholic Church censored, condemned works Sir Thomas More More s best-known work, Utopia, contains criticisms of English government, society Presents vision of perfect, non-existent society based on reason Christine de Pisan Italian-born writer focused on role of women in society Grew up in French court of Charles V; turned to writing when widowed Championed equality, education for women

14 Shakespeare and His Characters William Shakespeare Spread Renaissance Ideas Many believe English playwright William Shakespeare greatest writer Plots not original, but treatments of them masterful Drew inspiration from ancient, contemporary literature Knowledge of natural science, humanist topics expressed in plays Use of language, choice of themes made plays appealing even to uneducated Plays helped spread ideas of Renaissance to mass audience Focused on lives of realistic characters, unlike morality plays By Shakespeare s death, 1616, London scene of thriving theatre district

15 Machiavelli Machiavellian advice seemed to encourage harsh treatment of citizens, rival states Describes men as ungrateful, fickle, liars, and deceivers Advises rulers to separate morals from politics Power, ruthlessness more useful than idealism Ruler must do whatever necessary to maintain political power, even if cruel Machiavelli s theory that the end justifies the means deviated from accepted views of correct behavior Idea that state an entity in itself, separate from its ruler, became foundation for later political philosophy How to Rule Philosopher, statesman Niccolò Machiavelli also wrote influential book Experiences with violent politics influenced opinions on how governments should rule in The Prince

16 Renaissance Art The arts a reflection of the new humanist spirit Medieval artists idealized and symbolic representations Renaissance artists depicted what they observed in nature Patrons of the Arts Medieval times, anonymous artists who worked for church created art Renaissance artists worked for whoever offered them highest price Buyers of art, patrons, might be wealthy individuals, city governments, or church Competition Among Patrons Wealthy individuals competed, displaying wealth, modernity through purchase of artworks Florence, Lorenzo de Medici supported most talented artists. Patron of the Arts: gave money to support artists Renaissance artists wanted to paint the natural world as realistically as possible.

Italian & Northern Renaissance

Italian & Northern Renaissance Sistine Chapel Ceiling What is the Renaissance? Renaissance = Rebirth (of classical ideas) HOW-Economic & Societal Structures changed after Middle Ages, allowing new ideas