LAKE KOSHKONONG 2002/2003:

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2 LAKE KOSHKONONG 2002/2003: ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS AT THREE SITES IN JEFFERSON COUNTY, WISCONSIN Prepared by: Robert J. Jeske Principal Investigator Contributions by: Chrisie L. Hunter, Daniel J. Winkler, Debra Miller, Kathleen M. Foley Winkler, Timothy Dahlgren, Louise C. Lambert, and Melissa Parkinson Submitted to: Historic Preservation Division State Historical Society of Wisconsin 816 State Street Madison, Wisconsin July 15, 2003 University of Wisconsin Milwaukee Archaeological Research Laboratory Report of Investigations Number 153

3 ABSTRACT Archaeological survey and excavations along the shore of Lake Koshkonong, conducted between the summers of , have yielded important new data on Paleoindian, Middle Archaic, Late Archaic, Late Woodland, and Oneota occupations. Survey and excavation of the Developmental Phase Oneota Crescent Bay Hunt Club site have added significant data on village size and spatial organization, subsistence economy and mortuary practices. Excavations at a previously untested area of the Carcajou Point site, called here the Kelly North Tract, recovered a thick series of deposits and features that include Late Woodland, Middle Archaic, and Early Archaic/Late Paleoindian materials. Testing of the Blue Heron site, located off of the bluff 200 meters northeast of Crescent Bay Hunt Club, indicates the site contains a low density of Madison Plain pottery, lithic debris, and faunal remains. No features were discovered and it appears that the site is entirely within the plowzone. Also included as part of the grant is a National Register of Historic Places form for the Crescent Bay Hunt Club site. Finally, a web page on southeast Wisconsin Oneota archaeology, centered on work at Crescent Bay Hunt Club, may be found at: This project is identified as Project No i

4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We gratefully acknowledge the support of many people and organizations within the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Most importantly, the field and laboratory crew worked hard to bring this research to fruition. Special thanks to John D. Richards and Brian Nicholls of the UWM Archaeological Research Laboratory s Historic Resources Management Services for coordinating vehicles with us. Field and laboratory work could not have been done without the dedicated work of student and volunteer labor. Thanks to Jenny Barrett, Stephanie Barnes, Anna Cannizzo, Tina Clement, Stan Coffin, Timothy Dahlen, Bonnie Flannery, Kate Foley Winkler, Paul Hartman, Stacey Hoepfner, Ralph Koziarski, Louise Lambert, Lora Linder, Anna Lampien, David Lathrop, Nicole Lipscomb, Deb Miller, Gregory Moore, Kevin Mueller, Kirsten Mueller, Lee Olsen, Melissa Parkinson, Sarah Paul, Leanne Plencner, Chris Stremski, Kevin Stroik, Tracy Tessmann, Tanya Treptow, Nichole Ueker, Kari Wellner, Mike Wendt, Winkler, Courtney Young, and Christina Zervic. Jody Clauter, Chrisie Hunter, and Linda Naunapper did excellent work as teaching assistants/field supervisors at the Crescent Bay Hunt Club in Chrisie Hunter supervised the fieldwork at Kelly North Tract in 2002 and the Blue Heron site in 2003, and coordinated of much of the laboratory work from all three sites. Jeanne Nelson and to Katie Egan-Bruhy did great and timely work with the Crescent Bay and Carcajou point botanical materials. Our departmental assistant, Lynn Tatham, kept the books straight and people paid. Thanks to the Wisconsin Historical Society of for their help and support with this grant, and with many other aspects of our research. Bob Birmingham has been particularly helpful and collegial over the years. Thanks to Leslie Eisenberg for her help and insights with the burials at the Crescent Bay Hunt Club, and to Amy Roseborough for sharing the WHS Stout and Skavlem mapping data. ii

5 Many hanks to Mr. Thomas Kelly, without whose good graces, logistical support and financial assistance the Kelly North Tract work at Carcajou Point would not have been possible. Finally, thanks to all of the members of the Crescent Bay Hunt Club, who provided so much help and encouragement to UWM s mission of research and education. More generous, accommodating, helpful, and fun landowners I cannot imagine. Acknowledgement of State and Federal Assistance: This program receives federal financial assistance for identification and protection of historic properties. Under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the U.S. Department of Interior prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin or handicap in its federally assisted programs. If you believe you have been discriminated against in any program activity, or facility as described above, or if you desire further information, please write to: Office for Equal Opportunity, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C This project was financed with federal funds from the National Park Service, U.S. Department of Interior, and administered by the Wisconsin Historical Society. However, the contents and opinions do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Interior or the Wisconsin Historical Society. iii

6 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES i ii iv v ix CHAPTER 1: Introduction by Robert J. Jeske 1 CHAPTER 2: Continuing Investigations at the Crescent Bay Hunt Club Site (47Je904), Jefferson County by Robert J. Jeske, Kathleen M. Foley Winkler, Timothy Dahlen and Louise C. Lambert 6 CHAPTER 3: Preliminary Investigations at Carcajou Point (47JE02) Kelly North Tract by Robert J. Jeske, Chrisie L. Hunter, Daniel M. Winkler, Debra L. Miller and Leanne Plencner 95 CHAPTER 4: Blue Heron Site (47Je1001) 2003 Investigations by Chrisie Hunter 164 CHAPTER 5: Crescent Bay Hunt Club and Carcajou Point Sites Copper by Melissa Parkinson 183 REFERENCES CITED 191 APPENDIX: NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES NOMINATION CRESCENT BAY HUNT CLUB SITE (47JE904) 207 iv

7 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Location of Lake Koshkonong and sites in this report. 3 Figure 1.2 Crescent Bay Hunt Club Property. 4 Figure 2.1 Location of Crescent Bay Hunt Club. 7 Figure 2.2 Current environment of Crescent Bay Hunt Club. 8 Figure 2.3 Location of Crescent Bay Hunt Club 1998/200 excavation units. 18 Figure 2.4 Features and units, Figure 2.5 Location of Crescent Bay Hunt Club shovel probes transects. 23 Figure 2.6 Location of Crescent Bay Hunt Club positive shovel probes. 25 Figure 2.7 Distribution of lithics, 2002 shovel probes. 27 Figure 2.8 Distribution of ceramics, 2002 shovel probes. 29 Figure 2.9 Distribution of faunal material, 2002 shovel probes. 30 Figure 2.10 Distribution of historic material, 2002 shovel probes. 31 Figure 2.11 Distribution of ceramics material, shovel probes. 33 Figure 2.12 Locations of excavations and positive shovel probes. 35 Figure 2.13 Block excavation Figure 2.14 Munsell color/symbol key for features 40 Figure 2.15 Formulae for feature volume estimation 41 Figure 2.16 Plan view and profile of F Figure 2.17 Plan view and profile of F Figure 2.18 Plan view and profile of F Figure 2.19 Plan view and profile of F Figure 2.20 Plan view and profile of F Figure 2.21 Plan view and profile of F Figure 2.22 Plan view and profile of F Figure 2.23 Plan view and profile of F Figure 2.24 Plan view and profile of F Figure 2.25 Plan view and profile of F v

8 Figure 2.26 Plan view and profile of F Figure 2.27 Plan view and profile of F Figure 2.28 Plan view of F Figure 2.29 Plan view and profile of F Figure 2.30 Plan view and profile of F Figure 2.31 Plan view and profile of F Figure 2.32 Plan view and profile of F Figure 2.33 Plan view and profile of F Figure 2.34 Plan view and profile of F Figure 2.35 Plan view and profile of F Figure 2.36 Plan view and profile of F Figure 2.37 Plan view and profile of F Figure 2.38 Plan View and Profile of F Figure 2.39 Plan View and Profile of F Figure 2.40 Plan View and Profile of F Figure 2.41 Plan View and Profile of F Figure 2.42 Plan View and Profile of F Figure 2.43 Plan View and Profile of F Figure 2.44 Plan View and Profile of F Figure 2.45 Plan View and Profile of F Figure 2.46 Plan View and Profile of F Figure 2.47 Plan View and Profile of F Figure 2.48 Plan View and Profile of F02-44, F02-45 and F Figure 2.49 Plan View and Profile of F Figure 2.50 Plan View and Profile of F Figure 2.51 Plan View and Profile of F Figure 2.52 Plan View and Profile of F Figure 2.53 Plan View and Profile of F Figure 2.54 Plan View and Profile of F Figure 2.55 Plan View of F02-57, 58, 59 and vi

9 Figure 2.56 Plan View of F Figure 2.57 Plan View of F Figure 2.58 Plan View of F Figure 2.59 Plan View of F Figure 2.60 Ceramics from Crescent Bay Hunt Club. 78 Figure 2.61 Radiocarbon dates, Crescent Bay Hunt Club and nearby sites. 93 Figure 3.1 Location of North Kelly Tract, Carcajou Point 47Je Figure 3.2 Location of Kelly North Tract in relation to Carcajou Point sites. 97 Figure 3.3 Map of excavation units, Block 1, 2, and slit trenches. 100 Figure 3.4 Block 1 west wall profile. 102 Figure 3.5 Location of radiocarbon dated features, Kelly North Tract 103 Figure 3.6 Plan view and profile of F02-13 with midden strata shown. 104 Figure 3.7 Unit 2, west wall profile. 106 Figure 3.8 Plan View of Block 2, Unit 2, Level Figure 3.9 Block 2, south wall profile. 108 Figure 310 Key to individual feature symbols. 119 Figure 3.11 Feature Planview and North Wall Profile. 120 Figure 3.12 Feature Planview and North Wall Profile. 121 Figure 3.13 Plan view and profile of F Figure 3.14 Plan view and profile of F Figure 3.15 Plan view and east wall profile of F Figure 3.16 Plan view and profile of F Figure 3.17 Plan view and south wall profile of F Figure 3.18 Plan view of F Figure 3.19 Plan view of F Figure 3.20 Plan view and profile of F Figure 3.21 Plan view of F02-11; west wall profiles of F02-11 and F Figure 3.22 Plan view and south wall profile of F Figure 3.23 Plan view and south wall profile of F vii

10 Figure 3.24 Plan view and south wall profile of F Figure 3.25 Plan view and profile of F Figure 3.26 Plan view and west wall profile of F Figure 3.27 Percentages of each size grade for the entire site. 142 Figure 3.28 Debitage densities across Kelly North Tract proveniences. 145 Figure 3.29 Late Paleoindian/Early Archaic points. 157 Figure 3.30 Middle Archaic Vosburg-like point. 159 Figure 3.31 Weakly notched points; provisionally Kelly Notched points. 159 Figure 3.32 Heavily reworked Kelly Notched point. 160 Figure 3.33 Archaic T-drill. 160 Figure 3.34 Five copper awls and a socketed spear point. 161 Figure 3.35 Late Woodland Projectile Points. 161 Figure 4.1 Portion of the Crescent Bay Hunt Club property). 165 Figure 4.2 USGS Busseyville 7.5 minute topographic map showing location of Crescent Bay Hunt Club and Blue Heron site (47 JE 1001). 166 Figure 4.3 Blue Heron 1995 survey and placement of 2003 units 167 Figure Excavation Units and Datum Stations. 169 Figure 4.5 Munsell color/symbol key for features. 179 Figure 4.6 Plan view and profile of F Figure 4.7 Profile of F Figure 4.8 Profile of F Figure 4.9 Plan view and profile of F Figure 5.1 Copper tools from Crescent Bay Hunt Club, viii

11 LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Artifact types from Crescent Bay Hunt Club 2002 excavations. 73 Table 2.2 Raw Material from Crescent Bay Hunt Club 2002 excavations. 74 Table 2.3 Raw material quality, Crescent Bay Hunt Club 2002 excavations. 74 Table 2.4 Heat altered tools from Crescent Bay Hunt Club 2002 excavations. 74 Table 2.5 Debitage Form from Crescent Bay Hunt Club 2002 excavations. 75 Table 2.6 Distribution of lithic debris by Size Category, 2002 excavations. 75 Table 2.7 Debitage Raw Material. from Crescent Bay Hunt Club Table 2.8 Debitage Raw material quality from Crescent Bay Hunt Club Table 2.9 Heat altered debitage from Crescent Bay Hunt Club Table 2.10 Lithic debris by Amount of Cortex, 2002 excavations. 77 Table Radiocarbon date from Crescent Bay Hunt Club. 79 Table 2.12 Burials at Crescent Bay Hunt Club. 82 Table 3.1 Middle Archaic Radiocarbon dates from Kelly North Tract. 109 Table 3.2 Late Woodland Radiocarbon dates from Kelly North Tract. 109 Table 3.3 Feature Descriptions at Carcajou Point Kelly North Tract. 136 Table 3.4 Debitage Mass Analysis, Carcajou Point Kelly North Tract. 141 Table 3.5 Lithic debris by Form, 2002 excavations. 148 Table 3.6 Lithic debris by Raw Material Type, 2002 excavations. 149 Table 3.7 Lithic debris by Raw Material Quality, 2002 excavations. 149 Table 3.8 Lithic debris by Heat Alteration, 2002 excavations. 150 Table 3.9 Lithic debris by Amount of Cortex, 2002 excavations. 150 Table 3.10 Lithic debris by Size Category, 2002 excavations. 151 Table 3.11 Tool Types from Carcajou Point. 152 Table 3.12 Raw material frequencies at Carcajou Point. 153 ix

12 Table 3.13 Raw Material quality of tools from Carcajou Point. 154 Table 3.14 Heat treated tools from Carcajou Point. 154 Table 4.1 Materials recovered from shovel probes at Blue Heron, Table 4.2. Artifacts recovered from Unit Table 4.3. Artifacts recovered from Unit Table 4.4. Artifacts recovered from Unit Table 4.5. Artifacts recovered from Unit Table 4.6. Artifacts recovered from Unit Table 4.7. Artifacts recovered from Unit Table 5.1 Crescent Bay Copper Artifacts 187 Table 5.2 Carcajou Point KNT Copper Artifacts 187 x