How the past has shaped us and the future challenges

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Sophia Skinner
5 years ago
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1 How the past has shaped us and the future challenges 1 st February

2 Who we are Chris Ball Managing Director, Nuclear Atkins (& still believes he s young) Brian Watson Former Managing Director Sellafield (& young at heart)

3 Objective To provide an industry and practical perspective of some of the historical issues which have shaped the nuclear industry we have today and their implications for the future and for your role as future industry leaders

4 What are we talking about 1. The UK industry: Key events that have shaped us 2. Being shaped by the past: The effect 3. The future: The renaissance 4. Natural selection & survival of the fittest

5 Part 1 The UK industry: Key events that have shaped us

7 Windscale piles

9 History of the UK industry 2009 Culham Centre for Fusion Energy set up 2012 Dounreay PBO 2008/09 UKAEA forms three subsidiaries UKAEA Ltd DSRL RSRL 2006 Drigg PBO 2009 UKAEA Ltd (inc DSRL and RSRL) to Babcock International Group 1994 UKAEA splits into three divisions AEA Technology Government Facilities Services 2000 Office for Civil Nuclear Security 1996 AEA Technology plc 1996 Privatisation of AGRs 2008 Sellafield PBO 2005 Civil Nuclear Constabulary 2004 Energy Act enables creation of NDA and CNC 1973 Atomic Weapons Act Fusion Contract of Association 1971 Creation of separate nuclear companies 1957 National Institute for research into Nuclear Sciences (now RAL) 1985 UK Nirex Ltd 1986 UKAEA becomes a trading fund, to enable commercialisation 1973 Atomic Weapons Establishment 1971 National Radiological Protection Board URENCO British Nuclear Fuels Ltd Amersham International 1995 Facilities services Division to Procord 1954 Atomic Energy authority created 1946 Atomic Energy Research Establishment Harwell, set up 1965 Sciences and Technology Act enables non-nuclear work Courtesy of United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

11 The Magnox programme

12 The AGR programme

13 Other programmes

14 What did it all mean? The UK had established a role as a leading nuclear nation Significant skills, knowledge and established supply chain Technical work was respected and revered around the world Ability to compete at the highest level

15 What did it all mean? The UK had established a role as a leading nuclear nation Significant skills, knowledge and established supply chain Technical work was respected and revered around the world Ability to compete at the highest level BUT, THERE WERE ALSO A FEW ISSUES

18 Chernobyl Three mile island

19 Chernobyl 19

20 Key issues in late 90s 1998 Dounreay incident first ever DIRECTION, effectively closing site. Sellafield MOX incident Perception of loss of controlling mind / intelligent customer / corporate memory & (in)ability to operate in accordance with site licence. Focus on power operation and reprocessing services through to a 180 o switch to decommissioning. Requirement for long term strategies for wastes, uranium and plutonium. Break up of key industry players

21 Part 2 Being shaped by the past: The effect

23 Years of public opinion

24 Industry behaviours Industry behaviours Distorting behaviours Extroversion Entrepreneurial spirit Radical approaches The nuclear industry Introversion Conservatism & bureaucracy Political sensitivity Open to new ideas Technically excellent, but not invented here Trusted Strong influx of skills Mutual exclusivity & seen it all before Ageing demographics

25 Skills shortage threatens Britain s nuclear drive 22 nd July 2008 Ministers pore over incentives to save growth of green energy 27 th March 2009 Skills crisis looming in UK nuclear industry 5 th November 2007 Utilities fear for future as engineers head into retirement 10 th April 2007

26 Part 3 The future: The renaissance

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 Carbon intensity of electricity supply (gco2/kwh) Total electricity generation (TWh per year) Tomorrow s world (UK) Declining carbon intensity and

27 Carbon intensity of electricity supply (gco2/kwh) Total electricity generation (TWh per year) Tomorrow s world (UK) Declining carbon intensity and increasing generation of electricity to Carbon intensity Total generation Source: CCC based on AEA (2008) MARKAL-MED model runs of long term carbon reduction targets in the UK

28 GDP (PPP) per Capita Wealth = Energy = Energy Consumption consumption $80,000 $70,000 Luxembourg $60,000 $50,000 Kuwait Singapore $40,000 $30,000 $20,000 Denmark Greece Italy Portugal Switzerland Austria United Kingdom Germany Europe North America Saudi Arabia United States Iceland United Arab Emirates Trinidad and Tobago Bahrain Poland Mexico Russia Malaysia South Middle Africa East $10,000 World Brazil Iran Central & South America Africa India Jordan China Current elasticity = 0.7 $ Energy Consumption per Capital (Btu's)

30 Part 4 Natural selection and survival of the fittest

31 A global industry

32 The leadership challenges The leadership challenges The right people With the right motivation Doing the right things In the right way

33 The leadership challenges The right people Creating a pipeline of skills Making engineering sexy again Culturally aware With the right motivation Creating a community where people want to work Herzberg motivators work diet Doing the right things Encourage an entrepreneurial outlook despite conservatism Innovative no-one ever got fired for buying IBM In the right way International outlook Openness and trust

34 How does it all impact you You need to achieve and develop technical, engineering & operational excellence. Communicate with the team and the public You need to build and motivate a diverse team You need to be mobile, internationally competitive, culturally aware & politically aware. Competition is wide & you need to understand the implications at partner, competitor, supplier and client level. Hold no fears & give it a go. You are a change agent.

35 Self fulfilment

36 Questions

Table of Contents Executive Summary 29

Contents Table of Contents Executive Summary 29 Section 1: Introduction 33 Section 2: World 37 2.1.1. Main consumers 37 2.1.2. Main producers 2015 and 2016 39 2.1.3. Main importers 2015 and 2016 40 2.1.4.