Subsea Well Engineering

Transcription

1 Subsea Well Engineering Prof. Marcio Yamamoto UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO Dept. of Mining and Petroleum Engineering December 11th, 2014 Kashiwa, Chiba

2 Subsea Well Engineering Water Depth Petroleum Well Classification General Drilling Process Jackup Floating Drilling Platfoms Semi-Submersible vs. Drillship Drilling Riser & BOP Drilling Process Subsea Well Completion Wet Christmas Tree Artificial Lift Methods

3 Water Depth ISO Shallow Water* <610m Deep Water 610m~1830m (2000ft~6000ft) Ultra-deep Water >1830m (>6000ft) PETROBRAS Shallow Water <350m commercial dive limit Deep Water 350m~1500m Ultra-deep Water >1500m *Shallow water is not defined in this standard.

4 PETROLEUM WELL CLASSIFICATION

5 Exploratory Well Purposes* Gathering geological/reservoir data Collecting hydrocarbon samples Estimation of Reserves Development Well Production Injection Special Well Relief Well Pilot Well... *Classification of ANP (Brazilian Petroleum Agency)

6 Exploratory Wells - ANP Source: Dr. Kazuo Miura 1. Pioneer Well (Wildcat) 2. Stratigraphic Well 3. Extension Well 4. Adjacent Pioneer Well 5. Exploratory Well for a Shallower Reservoir 6. Exploratory Well for a Deeper Reservoir

7 Development Wells - ANP Source: Dr. Kazuo Miura 7. Production Well 8. Injection Well

8 Special Wells

9 Poço de Alívio

10 Well Geometry

11 Subsea Well Engineering Water Depth Petroleum Well Classification General Drilling Process Jackup Floating Drilling Platfoms Semi-Submersible vs. Drillship Drilling Riser & BOP Drilling Process Subsea Well Completion Wet Christmas Tree Artificial Lift Methods

12 GENERAL DRILLING PROCESS

13 Rotary Drilling

14 Rotary Drilling Condutor (OD=30 ) Condutor s Installation: Drill bit + Under-reamer Hammer Jetting (subsea well)...

15 Rotary Drilling 36 Drill bit 26 + Under-reamer 36

16 Rotary Drilling Conductor (OD=30 ) Drillstring Drilling 2nd phase

17 Rotary Drilling Drillstring Casing Casing Shoes Drill pipes Mud cake Drill collar Bit Nozzles

18 Rotary Drilling Conductor (OD=30 ) Drillstring Tripping out Drillstring (removing)

19 Rotary Drilling Conductor (OD=30 ) Surface Casing (OD~20 ) Running Surface Casing

20 Rotary Drilling Conductor (OD=30 ) Surface Casing (OD=20 ) Installing Surface Casing

21 Rotary Drilling Conductor (OD=30 ) Cement Surface Casing (OD=20 ) Cementing the Surface Casing

22 Rotary Drilling Conductor (OD=30 ) Surface Casing (OD=20 ) Drillstring Rotary Drilling 3rd phase

23 Rotary Drilling Conductor (OD=30 ) Surface Casing (OD=20 ) Drillstring Tripping out Drillstring (removing)

24 Rotary Drilling Conductor (OD=30 ) Surface Casing (OD=20 ) Intermediary Casing (OD=13 3/8 ) Running Intermediary Casing

25 Rotary Drilling Conductor (OD=30 ) Surface Casing (OD=20 ) Intermediary Casing (OD=13 3/8 ) Installing Intermediary Casing

26 Rotary Drilling Conductor (OD=30 ) Surface Casing (OD=20 ) Intermediary Casing (OD=13 3/8 ) Cementing Intermediary Casing

27 Rotary Drilling Conductor (OD=30 ) Surface Casing (OD=20 ) Intermediary Casing (OD=13 3/8 ) Drilling 4th phase

28 Rotary Drilling Conductor (OD=30 ) Surface Casing (OD=20 ) Intermediary Casing (OD=13 3/8 ) LINER (OD=7 )

29 Rotary Drilling LINER (OD=7 ) Production Casing

30 Rotary Drilling LINER (OD=7 ) Open Hole

31 Subsea Well Engineering Water Depth Petroleum Well Classification General Drilling Process Jackup Floating Drilling Platfoms Semi-Submersible vs. Drillship Drilling Riser & BOP Drilling Process Subsea Well Completion Wet Christmas Tree Artificial Lift Methods

32 Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit Jack-up Only shallow water Semi-Submersible Drillship

33 JACKUP (ONLY SHALLOW WATER)

34 Rotary Drilling - ONSHORE CONDUCTOR SURFACE CASING INTERMEDIATE CASING LINER

35 Rotary Drilling ONLY SHALLOW WATERS Conductor SURFACE CASING INTERMEDIATE CASING LINER

36 Shallow Waters Jacket Operation for the jacket reinforcement

37 Daily Rates Jackup: Source: Offshore (November 2014)

38 JACKUP Short Distance Mobilization Energy Exerter

39 Perfuração 1. Short Distance Mobilization

40 2. Installation Jackup

41 2. Installation Jackup

42 JACKUP Jacking System Rack & Pinion Pinion Rack

43 3. Well Construction Jackup

44 JACKUP Energy Endeavour

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46 Subsea Well Engineering Water Depth Petroleum Well Classification General Drilling Process Jackup Floating Drilling Platfoms Semi-Submersible vs. Drillship Drilling Riser & BOP Drilling Process Subsea Well Completion Wet Christmas Tree Artificial Lift Methods

47 Deep & Ultra-deep Waters FLOATING DRILLING PLATFOMS

48 Daily Rates Drillship & Semi-Submersible: Source: Offshore (November 2014)

49 POSITIONING SYSTEM

50 Mooring System Conventional Mooring System (8~16 lines) Deep Waters Source: OTC10780 (1999)

51 Dynamic Positioning System Ultra-Deep Waters Position Sensors: GPS Hidroacustic Gyrocompass OBS: MUDAR A FIGURA

52 Floating Drilling Platforms Semi-Submersible Drillship

53 Floating Drilling Platform Semi-Submersible Shallow & Deep Waters: Mooring System Ultra-deep Water: DPS

54 Floating Drilling Platform Semi-Submersible Mooring System Deepwater Nautilus & Black Marlin

55 Floating Drilling Platform Semi-Submersible DPS Seadrill West Taurus

56 Floating Drilling Platforms Drillship DPS Mooring System(Rare) Drilling at the Arctic(shallow water) Old drillships(+30 years of service)

57 Transocean DeepWater Millenium Drillship

58 Transocean DeepWater Millenium (natural gas flow Drillship Navio-Sonda

59 Do not confuse with FPSO Floating Production Storage Offfloding P-57

60 Drillship vs. FPSO

61 Subsea Well Engineering Water Depth Petroleum Well Classification General Drilling Process Jackup Floating Drilling Platfoms Semi-Submersible vs. Drillship Drilling Riser & BOP Drilling Process Subsea Well Completion Wet Christmas Tree Artificial Lift Methods

62 DRILLING RISER & BOP

63 Vertical Drilling Riser & BOP Top Tensioned Riser (TTR) Material: Steel Aluminum (few cases) Auxiliary Lines Choke Line & Kill Line (always necessary) Conduit (hydraulic line to drive BOP s valves & pistons) Booster

64 Drilling Riser Tension Lines SLIP JOINT TENSION RING/COLLAR CHOKE & KILL LINES, BOOSTER, CONDUIT Buoyance Modules Low Marine Riser Pack (LMRP) Fonte: BLOW-OUT PREVENTER (BOP)

65 BOP BLUE POD RAM s CONECTOR Fonte: 74/c/871d1842bfcfe128be3b8541a808a5cf

66 BOP Schematic Fonte:

67 Fonte: Drilling Riser

68 Drilling Types of riser connection: FLANGE DOG TYPE

69 Drilling Riser Riser Joint Connection: FLANGE Fonte: Total Elf Fina

70 Drilling Riser Riser Joint Connection: DOG TYPE Fonte: Total Elf Fina DOG

71 Drilling Riser Ball Joint/Flex Joint (always needed) TOP BOTTOM

72 Drilling Riser Ball Joint Fonte: Total Elf Fina

73 Drilling Riser Flex Joint (Bending Stiffness) Fonte: Total Elf Fina

74 Drilling Riser Riser s Tensioning System Slip joint Tension Collar Tensioner: Pistons & Cable Direct Pistons

75 Riser Tensioning System Tensioner Pistons & Cable Drilling Riser Fonte: Fonte: Jordan, L.R. (2004) patent no. US 6,817,422 B2

76 Drilling Riser Tensioning System Tensioner Direct Pistons Fonte:

77 Subsea Well Engineering Water Depth Petroleum Well Classification General Drilling Process Jackup Floating Drilling Platfoms Semi-Submersible vs. Drillship Drilling Riser & BOP Drilling Process Subsea Well Completion Wet Christmas Tree Artificial Lift Methods

78 Offshore Drilling DRILLING PROCESS

79 Drilling Methods Guide Line (older technology for shallow/deep water) Guide Line Less (ultra-deep water)

80 Guide Line Less Drilling Methods Wind Waves Running Drillstring + Conductor Drillstring Conductor Current

81 Guide Line Less Drilling Methods Waves Wind Jetting Current Drillstring Conductor

82 Guide Line Less Drilling Methods Waves Wind Current Waiting for sedimention around the conductor

83 Drilling Methods Guide Line Less Waves Wind Current Test the conductor - Overpull Torque on drillstring - Release from the conductor;

84 Drilling Methods Guide Line Less Waves Wind Current Test the conductor - Overpull Torque on drillstring - Release from the conductor;

85 Guide Line Less Drilling Methods Waves Wind Current Drilling of the 2nd phase for the running and cementing of the SURFACE CASING.

86 Drilling Methods Guide Line Less Waves Wind Current Tripping out the DRILLSTRING. Drillstring

87 Drilling Methods Guide Line Less Waves Wind Current Running the 20 SURFACE CASING + HPWHH

88 Fonte: Fonseca (2012). SUBSEA WELL HEAD SYSTEM

89 Drilling Methods Guide Line Less Waves Wind Current Cementing the SURFACE CASING up to the mudline.

90 Drilling Methods Guide Line Less Waves Wind Current Drilling Riser BOP Running BOP + DRILLING RISER for REENTRY operation.

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92 Drilling Methods Guide Line Less Waves Wind Current Drilling Riser BOP After the installation and testing of the BOP s connection on the HPWHH, the drilling continues for the next phases.

93 Subsea Well Engineering Water Depth Petroleum Well Classification General Drilling Process Jackup Floating Drilling Platfoms Semi-Submersible vs. Drillship Drilling Riser & BOP Drilling Process Subsea Well Completion Wet Christmas Tree Artificial Lift Methods

94 Completion WET CHRISTMAS TREE

95 DRILLING FLUID Completion COMPLETION

96 Completion Choke Christmas Tree Master Valve Tubing Hanger Subsurface Safety Valve Production Tubing Packer Perforation

97 Fonte: Wayne State University (2006) Dry Christmas Tree

98 Wet Christmas Tree Wet Christmas Tree (ANM) Production Adapter Base (BAP)

99 Production Adapter Base (BAP) Holds thetubing Hanger Connection for the lines using MCV (Vertical Connection Modules): PRODUCTION ANM: 3 lines (production, annular & control umbilical) INJECTION: 2 lines (injection & control umbilical)

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101 Schematic of ANM (BAP+ANM) Fonte: Fonseca (2012). MLF: Mandril de Linha de Fluxo MCV: Módulo de Conexão Vertical

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103 Subsea Well Engineering Water Depth Petroleum Well Classification General Drilling Process Jackup Floating Drilling Platfoms Semi-Submersible vs. Drillship Drilling Riser & BOP Drilling Process Subsea Well Completion Wet Christmas Tree Artificial Lift Methods

104 Artificial Lift Methods CONTINUOUS-FLOW GAS LIFT

105 Continuous Gas Lift Gas Lift Mandrel P R

106 Continuous-flow Gas Lift Valves open in a specific pressure range P 1 ~ P 2 P 2 ~ P 3 P 3

107 Continuous-flow Gas Lift P 1 ~ P 2 Pressure for valves opening Opened Valve P 2 ~ P 3 P R P 3

108 Continuous-flow Gas Lift P 2 ~ P 3 Pressure for valves opening P 1 ~ P 2 Opened Valve P R P 3

109 Gas Lift Contínuo P 3 Pressure for valves opening P 1 ~ P 2 P 2 ~ P 3 P R Opened Valve

110 Artificial Lift Methods ESP

111 ESP Electrical Submersible Pump