Production of Electronic Chart using updated survey data for EL-Arish harbor

Transcription

1 ARAB ACADEMY FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND MARITIME TRANSPORT Alexandria, Egypt Production of Electronic Chart using updated survey data for EL-Arish harbor Submitted By ASHRAF NABIL HASSAN EL-ASSAL B.SC. of Nautical Sciences (Naval College Alexandria-Egypt) (1991) PG.Dip. in hydrographic surveying (University of Plymouth-Faculty of Science-UK) (2001) A thesis submitted to the Arab Academy for Science and Technology and Maritime Transport, in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of: Master Degree In Maritime Transport Technology (Digital Cartography) Supervised By Dr. REFAAT RASHAD Arab Academy for science & Technology and Maritime Transport Faculty of Maritime Transport 2005 Dr. SALEH MESBAH Institute of Graduate Studies and Research University of Alexandria

2 DECLARATION I hereby certify that the material in this thesis that is not my work has been identified, and that no material is included for which a degree has previously been conferred on me. The work included in this thesis was carried by me and no part of this thesis has been submitted for a degree or qualification to any other Academy or University. The contents of this thesis reflect my own personal views, and are not necessarily endorsed by the Arab Academy for Science and Technology and Maritime Transport Signature: Ashraf Nabil EL-Assal... Date :.... Supervised by: Prof. Dr. Refaat Rashad. ; Faculty of Transport, Arab Academy for Science and Technology and Maritime Transport Dr. Saleh Mesbah ELkaffas ; Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Alexandria. Assessed by : Dr: Said Balbaa Gen: Abdelattif Gamil Ragab Comm. Ehab Talaat ELbannan i

3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to express my deep gratitude to my supervisors Dr.Refaat Rashad (Faculty of Transport, Arab Academy for Science and Technology and Maritime Transport) and Dr. Saleh Mesbah (Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Alexandria) for their full support all the way during my work. The author extends sincere thanks to Rear Admiral. Tamer Abd ELaleim, Commander in chief, Egyptian Naval Forces and Admiral. Mohab Mamish chief of staff,egyptian Naval Forces, Admiral Abd ELattif Gamil Ragab The former Director of Hydrographic Department, Egyptian Naval Forces and Commodore Ehab Talaat ELbannan. Director of Hydrographic Department, Egyptian Naval Forces. The author also thanks the Egyptian Navy Hydrographic Office staff for their support and encouragement for accomplishing this work. ii

4 DEDICATION I would like to dedicate this thesis to my dear wife for the support and tolerance for the hard times during my work and for encouragement which helped me very much for accomplishing my study. iii

5 ABSTRACT Electronic Navigation Charts (ENCs) are modern replacements of traditional navigational paper charts. By the definition of the IMO, an ENC is The database, standardized as to content, structure and format, issued for use with Electronic Chart Display And Information System (ECDIS) on the authority of government authorized hydrographic offices. The ENC contains all the chart information necessary for safe navigation and may contain supplementary information in addition to that contained in the paper chart (e.g. sailing directions) which may be considered necessary for safe navigation. All the ENC s produced by private companies for the Egyptian water are non official ENC s and have either old source data or digitized from scanned paper charts, as a consequence many of the Egyptian ports considered electronically uncharted and others have potential errors which seriously affect the safety of navigation. In this study, the current status of the ENC as an official substitute of the nautical chart, the related geospatial and presentation related standards issued by the International Hydrographic Organization concerning ENC production moreover the structure, updating mechanism and future direction for S-57 standard as well as the ENC production flow line are discussed. The experiences of various national hydrographic offices in producing ENC for their national territorial waters and the productive steps for developing production systems compatible with the international standards for data exchange format of ENC (S-57) issued by the IHO are studied. EL-Arish harbor is chosen as the study area for its current state as electronically uncharted area and the hazardous to navigation for the ships which may use the produced ENC by the private companies. iv

6 To produce an official ENC cell for the area of interest (EL-Arish) harbor using updated survey data, a series of steps were performed. A complete hydrographic survey operation is performed in scale of 1:2500. Then the collected data are processed using various software packages to come out with the main objects necessary for ENC production. The processed data exported to the production software package for applying S-57 standards and ENC product specification as a primary step for ENC production. Finally, the ENC cell for EL-Arish harbor is produced and validated using various software packages to be the first official ENC cell to be produced using updated survey data. The produced ENC cell could be a part of cells database onboard any ship using ECDIS system, and could be loaded and used for navigation for approaching and berthing in EL-Arish harbor. v

7 Table of Contents Declaration Acknowledgement.. Dedication Abstract Table of contents List of Figures... List of Tables. List of Abbreviations.. Page i ii iii iv vi ix xi xii INTRODUCTION Background 2 Research problem 6 Research Objective 7 Research Methodology... 7 Thesis outline LITERATURE REVIEW AND STUDY AREA 1.1 Literature Review ECDIS and potential legal implications Future trend of ECDIS Evaluation of ECDIS by Marine Research Center Hydrographic Data Standards and Standards-based Geospatial Data Infrastructures Integration of ice information into ENC International experiences in ENC production Australian Experience The Finish Experience The US coast guard Experience The PRIMAR Experience Implementing WEND Concept United States Experience United Kingdom Hydrographic Office experience Integrated Marine GIS in Navigational Charting Study area General description Aids to Navigation Piers and yards Climatic conditions ENC AND ECDIS RELATED STANDARDS 2.1 Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) IMO performance standards for ECDIS ECDIS Display Categories Electronic Navigation Charts (ENC S) ENC Data Types. 36 vi

8 Vector Data Advantages of vector data ENC Bands ENC Categories Composition of ENC ENC Contents Cell Limits ENC related standards IHO Special Publication S IHO Special Publication S Contents of S Periodical S-57 Documents S-57 Data Model Soundings object line object Area objects Shared Geometry Topology in S S-57 Feature Object Types The IHO object catalogue Objects and attributes Object Class Example of S Attributes of S Future Directions for the S-57 Standard Edition 4 OF S IHO Special Publication S IHO Special Publication S Governmental responsibility for producing ENC S Electronic Navigation Chart production for EL-Arish harbor 3.1 Equipment and software used Survey planning Establishing Geodetic Control Line spacing Coast lining and navigational aids positioning Field work Geodetic Control Hydrographic Survey Echo sounder calibration Tides and sounding datum Coastlining and Topography NAV AIDS Quality control Data processing Tide corrections application. 72 vii

9 3.5.2 Elimination of doubtful data Creating TIN model for the processed data Exporting processed soundings ENC production Preparations and importing Data quality assurance of spatial Data Topology Creation and Editing ENC Coordinate Framework Creating ENC Objects according to S-57 standard Master/Slave Relationships ENC Safety Contours and Depth Areas Merging Line Objects Assigning Minimum Display Scales Quality Assurance of Object Data Exporting to S-57 ENC Data Set File The Final ENC Product Create an S-57 ENC Exchange Set Quality Assurance of Exchange Sets. 86 Conclusion And Recommendations Conclusion Recommendations. 91 Future study.. 92 References 94 viii

10 List of Figures Page Figure (1.1): Great Barrier Reef-Australia.. 10 Figure (1.2): General location map for EL-Arish harbor 20 Figure (1.3): The monthly average air temperature.. 21 Figure(1.4): Monthly mean atmospheric pressure (Hpa) corrected to M.S.L 22 Figure(1.5): The monthly mean of relative humidity (%).. 22 Figure(1.6): Surface wind speed.. 23 Figure(1.7): Directions surface wind through out the period Figure(1.8): The monthly amount of rain fall.. 25 Figure(1.9): The Thunderstorms days. 25 Figure(1.10): The monthly mean of sand rising & sandstorm 26 Figure(2.1): ECDIS Inputs. 31 Figure(2.2): SENC's in an ECDIS Figure(2.3): ENC Standard Display 35 Figure(2.4): ENC Base Display.. 35 Figure(2.5): ENC Other Display.. 35 Figure(2.6): ECDIS screen presented in S-52 format. 44 Figure(2.7): Point feature object. 48 Figure(2.8): Soundings grouping in S Figure(2.9): Chaining lines objects in S Figure(2.10): S-57 Data Model 49 Figure(2.11): Area object definition in S Figure(2.12): Shared Geometry areas in S Figure(2.13): Cardinal Buoy with proper attributes 54 Figure(2.14): Cardinal Buoy presented on ENC with related attributes Figure(3.1): Surveying planned lines (55 main lines + 3 cross check lines) 66 Figure(3.2): Navigational Aids in EL-Arish harbor) 68 Figure(3.3): The position quality control on 24 th of September Figure(3.4): The position quality control on 25 th of September Figure(3.5): The position quality control on 26 th of September 2003) 69 Figure(3.6): Statistical test for sounding quality control. 70 Figure(3.7): HYPACK data processing flow chart.. 71 Figure(3.8): Observations on the 24 th of December Figure(3.9): Single beam editor elimination of doubtful data. 73 Figure(3.10): Solid TIN with 3D contours. 75 Figure(3.11): Imported coastline data. 76 Figure(3.12): Imported contours Figure(3.13): Imported NAV AIDS and land features 77 Figure(3.14): QA results for advanced topology checking 79 Figure(3.15): Creating ENC objects. 80 Figure(3.16): Results of QA test for duplicate objects checking Figure(3.17): QA test results checking the skin of the earth. 84 Figure(3.18): Flow chart for creating S-57 ENC exchange set 85 ix

11 Figure(3.19): cell data base viewing in CARIS easy ENC software Figure(3.20): EL-Arish cell presented in dkart look software... Figure(3.21): EL-Arish cell presented as a background in HYPACK software. 87 Figure(3.22): EL-Arish cell presented in dkart Editor Software. 88 Figure(3.23): EL-Arish cell presented in 7Cs ENC designer software 88 x

12 List of Tables Page Table (2.1): ENC different categories 41 Table (3.1): Minimum standards for hydrographic surveys S Table (3.2): Minimum Standards for Positioning of Navigation Aids and Features 63 Table (3.3): Geodetic control points coordinates.. 64 Table(3.4): EL-ARISH harbor NAV AIDS positions. 67 xi

13 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AHS AML ARCS ARPA CATZOC CCOM/JHC CHRIS CIS COTS DGPS ECDIS ECDS ECPINS ECU ENC ESC FMA GIS GPS HCA HIS HO HOM Hpa IC-ENC IEC Australian Hydrographic Service. Additional Military Layer admiralty raster chart system. Automatic Radar Plotting Aids Category Zone Of Confidence. Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping/Joint Hydrographic Center Committee Hydrographic Requirements for Information Systems. Canadian Ice Service Commercial Off The Shelf software Differential Global Positioning System Electronic Chart Display and Information System. Electronic Chart Display System Electronic Chart Precise Integrated Navigation System Electronic chart update. Electronic Navigation Chart. Electronic Sea Chart. Finnish Maritime Administration Geographical Information System Global Positioning System Hydrographic Committee on Antarctica. Hydrographic Information System Hydrographic Office. Hydrographic Object Manager Hecto Pascal International Center For Electronic Navigation Chart. International Electronic Commission. xii

14 IHB International Hydrographic Bureau). IHC International Hydrographic Conference IHO International Hydrographic Organization. IMO International Maritime Organization. INT International Charts Series. ISO International Standards Organization ISPS International Ship and Port Security Code LNM Local Notice to Mariner MD Maintenance Document NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NMD Navigational Marks Database NMEA National Marine Electronics Association. NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NtM Notice to Mariners PDOP Position Dilution of precision Primar Stavenger The first fully operational Regional ENC Coordinating Centre (Norway). QA Quality Assurance. QC Quality Control. RCDS Raster Chart Display System RD Reliability Diagram RENC Regional ENC coordinating center RHC Regional Hydrographic Commissions. S52 Specification for chart content and display aspects of ECDIS. S57 Transfer standards for digital hydrographic data. S-44 IHO standards for Hydrographic Survey. S-58 IHO recommended ENC validation checks. SCAMIN Scale Minimum. SOLAS Safety Of Life At Sea. SENC System Electronic Navigation System TC211 Technical Committee 211. xiii

15 TIN Triangulated Irregular Network TPE Total Propagated Error. TSMAD Transfer Standards Maintenance And Application Development Working Group. UKHO United Kingdom Hydrographic Office. UML Unified Modeling Language USCG United States Coast Guard VTS Vessel Traffic Services WECDIS Warship Electronic Chart Display and Information System WEND World Wide Electronic Navigation Chart Database. xiv

16 INTRODUCTION