Advanced Life Support

Transcription

1 Advanced Life Support Texas Space Grant Consortium Spring 2002 Meeting May 16-17, 2002 Houston, TX D.L. Henninger, Manager Advanced Life Support Program

2 Advanced Life Support Advanced Life Support Air Revitalization CO 2 removal O 2 provisioning Trace contaminant control Water Recovery Organics removal Inorganics removal Potable storage Solid Waste Management Resource Recovery Thermal Control Crop Production Food Processing Integrated Controls Flight Experiments Ground Test Beds Systems Modeling & Analysis 2

3 Advanced Life Support Advanced Life Support! Enabling technology for human exploration and development of space! Long-duration missions dictate regenerative systems --- minimize re-supply! Minimize mass, volume, power, thermal requirements! Such systems will be replete with physicochemical and biological components 3

4 Gemini /66 S Apollo 16 04/21/72 AS Mercury-Atlas 9 05/16/63 S Apollo 17 08/28/72 S Apollo 17 12/10/72 AS Skylab 02/08/74 SL Shuttle STS 41-C 04/06/84 STS41C-3058 Mir International Space Station Mars 4

5 Advanced Life Support Advanced Life Support! Duplicate the functions of the Earth in terms of human life support! Without the benefit of the Earth s large buffers --- oceans, atmosphere, and land masses! Question is one of how small can the requisite buffers be and yet maintain extremely high reliability over long periods of time in a hostile environment! Space-based systems must be small, therefore must exercise high degree of control 5

6 Advanced Life Support Open-Loop Life Support System Resupply Mass - 12,000 kg/person-year (26,500 lbs/person-year) 10,680 kg (23,545 lbs) (2827 gallons) Water 89% Oxygen 2.5% Food (dry) 2.2% Crew Supplies 2.1% 6 person crew 3 year mission = 216,000 kg (572,000 lbs) of consumables Gases lost to space 2.1% Systems Maintenance 2.1% 6

7 Maximum Shuttle payload is 55,000 lbs 11 Shuttle flights just for the consumables Not counting mass for the additional required tankage, containers or the larger Mars vehicles & habitats Or all the other infrastructure needed for the mission 7

8 High Earth Orbit National Aeronautics and Space Administration Electric Propulsion Earth Departure Low Earth Orbit Electric Propulsion space tug performs low-thrust transfer for Mars-bound cargo to High Earth Orbit (many months transfer) Crew delivered in small chemicallypropelled transfer vehicle (few days rendezvous time) Remainder of trans- Mars injection performed by chemically propelled system Space tug returns for refueling and next assignment 8

9 Advanced Life Support Advanced Life Support " for both the transit vehicle & the planetary surface " Mass, volume, power, & thermal constraints will be severe " But, will be more severe on the transit vehicle than on the planetary surface " Evolutionary notion for the planetary surface " bottom line is that we must always be aware of these two subtle, but extremely important distinctions (gravity & mass/power/volume constraints) since they have dramatic impact on technology selections & R&TD priorities 9

10 Advanced Life Support Advanced Life Support Air Revitalization CO 2 removal O 2 provisioning Trace contaminant control Water Recovery Organics removal Inorganics removal Potable storage Solid Waste Management Resource Recovery Thermal Control Crop Production* Food Processing Integrated Controls* Flight Experiments Ground Test Beds Systems Modeling & Analysis 10

11 Advanced Life Support Advanced Life Support Air Revitalization CO 2 removal O 2 provisioning Trace contaminant control Solid Waste Management Resource Recovery Thermal Control Water Recovery Organics removal Inorganics removal Potable storage Crop Production Food Processing Integrated Controls Flight Experiments Ground Test Beds Systems Modeling & Analysis 11

12 Advanced Life Support Advanced Life Support Solid Waste Management Resource Recovery Collection Transport De-water Safe storage planetary protection Resource recovery Multi-step process Crop Production Routine microgravity production (salad crops) ug management of root zone Food safety protocol Food Processing Food safety Long-term storage ~ 5 years Palatibility Nutrition Dehydrated Frozen Ready-to-eat Food processing From bulk stored items From space-grown crops Minimize inputs/demand to/on solid waste management 12

13 Advanced Life Support Advanced Life Support " ALS is in the business of providing verified technologies capable of supporting long-duration human space missions " Demonstrate Technology Readiness Level 6 " System/subsystem model or prototype demonstration in a relevant environment (ground or space) 13

14 NASA Technology Readiness Levels (TRL) System Test, Launch & Operations System/Subsystem Development Technology Demonstration Technology Development Research to Prove Feasibility Basic Technology Research TRL 9 TRL 8 TRL 7 TRL 6 TRL 5 TRL 4 TRL 3 TRL 2 TRL 1 Actual system flight proven through successful mission operations Actual system completed and flight qualified through test and demonstration (Ground or Flight) System prototype demonstration in a space environment System/subsystem model or prototype demonstration in a relevant environment (Ground or Space) Component and/or breadboard validation in relevant environment Component and/or breadboard validation in laboratory environment Analytical and experimental critical function and/or characteristic proof-of-concept Technology concept and/or application formulated Basic principles observed and reported Courtesy of John Mankins 14

15 National Advanced Aeronautics and Space Life Administration Support Project Organization Advanced Life Support Office (JSC) Manager & Chief Scientist - D. Henninger Deputy Manager - K. Daues Chief Scientist D. Barta, Acting Chief Engineer T. Tri External Advisory Groups Science & Technology Working Group A. Sacco, Chair Project Support Group SBIR/STTR Subtopic Manager T. Tri Administrative Assistant C. Whatley Education/Outreach K. Henderson Schedule & Budget Analyst L. Heller Supporting R&TD Centers ARC R&TD M. Kliss, Lead KSC R&TD J. Sager, Lead External Principal Investigators NRA SBIR/STTR NRC GSRP Advisory Committee ISS, STS, JPL, MSFC, KSC, ARC, NJ-NSCORT, Tuskegee Univ. Internal Research and Technology Development Group External Research and Technology Development Groups System & Integrated Testing Element J. Villarreal, Lead Air Revitalization Element F. Smith, Lead Solid Waste Management Element M. Alazraki, Lead Systems Integration, Modeling & Analysis Element M. Ewert, Lead Water Recovery Element K. Pickering, Lead Thermal Control Element W. Ruemmele, Lead Flight Experiments Element K. Hurlbert, Lead Food & Crop Systems Element R. Wheeler, Lead New Jersey NASA Specialized Center of Research & Training (Rutgers Univ. & Stevens Institute) H. Janes Center for Food & Environmental Systems for Human Exploration of Space (Tuskegee Univ.) D. Mortley Purdue/Howard/Alabama A&M NSCORT C. Mitchell Commercial Space Centers Food Technology (A. Pometto, Iowa State Univ.) Environmental Systems (J. Warwick, Univ. of Florida) Center for Space Sciences (Texas Tech University) J. Smith 15

16 Advanced Life Support Lunar - Mars Life Support Project Phase I: 15-day, 1-Person Test March 1995 Phase II: 30-day, 4-Person Test - June 1996 Phase IIA ISS: 60-day, 4-Person Test - January 1997 Phase III: 90-day, 4-Person Test - September 19,

17 Critical Questions to be Addressed! How far can we reduce reliance on expendables?! How well do biological and physicochemical life support technologies work together over long periods of time?! How long do integrated tests need to be run in order to fully verify technologies for operational use?! Is a steady state condition ever achieved with biological systems?! How do various contaminants accumulate, and what are the long-term cleanliness issues?! What are the key psychological, medical, and habitation issues that can be effectively evaluated in a ground-based facility?! What are the key training and operations issues that can be effectively evaluated in a ground-based facility?! What are effective methods to implement energy management?! How can we effectively obtain reliability, maintainability, and life cycle data during ground-based testing? 17

18 UTILITIES DISTRIBUTION MODULE (EXPANSION MODULE) BIOMASS PRODUCTION CHAMBER 1 BIOMASS PRODUCTION CHAMBER 2 LIFE SUPPORT CHAMBER LABORATORY CHAMBER HABITATION CHAMBER AIRLOCK INTERCONNECTING TUNNEL 18

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26 INTEGRITY Integrated Human Exploration Mission Simulation Facility OBJECTIVE Design and build a ground test bed capable of accurately simulating all elements of a series of long-duration human planetary exploration missions Operate it as an actual set of long-duration human planetary missions FLY THE MISSION ON THE GROUND Involve all elements of a mission Integrate & evaluate enabling technologies (& provide focus to R&D) Develop & validate new management techniques including new risk & cost estimation techniques for large complex programs with international partners with commercial partners with academic partners Develop & validate new techniques for education/outreach and public affairs (marketing) 26

27 Other subsystem & system test beds and analog sites serving specific needs MSFC Hqs ARC JSC GRC JPL KSC LaRC GSFC 27

28 INTEGRITY Is a human exploration mission in every respect it just doesn t leave the Earth Establish a set of missions (~5 6) lasting from ~100 days up to ~1000 days to be conducted over a year period Establish baseline technologies for the missions (tests) and conduct on-board flight experiments during the missions (tests) Missions are selected; real requirements are generated; real milestones are established (focus for R&D) Active Shuttle & ISS flight experiments program still needed for microgravity research & technology validation Conduct appropriate work at other analog sites to address specific concerns best evaluated at these sites Antarctica, Haughton Mars Project, Aquarius, 28

29 INTEGRITY All elements associated with a long-duration human planetary exploration mission Mission operations, medical, psychological, crew accommodations, crew selection, vehicle & habitat design, power systems, life support, communications, planetary exploration, in-situ resource utilization, planetary protection, EVA, robotics, rovers,... Elements such as rendezvous and docking; propulsion; guidance, navigation and control, etc. could be simulated 29

30 INTEGRITY Allows NASA to develop and validate enabling technologies Integrated testing is a necessary step anyway These technologies are then also available as upgrades to Shuttle or ISS or SLI 30

31 INTEGRITY Allows NASA to address integration issues Really can t adequately address complex integration issues any other way Such ground missions (tests) have been shown to provide positive impacts to current operational programs (such as the formaldehyde and iodine real-time lessons learned during the ALS testing in 1997) 31

32 INTEGRITY Allows NASA to focus research and technology development Could be an effective way to provide precise direction to the R&D efforts across all mission elements gaps are quickly identified requiring both basic and applied research & technology development 32

33 INTEGRITY Allows NASA to address new management techniques needed for large complex missions of the future Opportunity to develop and learn how to use new & more effective management techniques -- embed metrics to evaluate effectiveness of new techniques Develop new Knowledge Management techniques to enable capture, retention, and re-use of knowledge to achieve organizational objectives (preclude inventing the wheel more than once) Develop & evaluate new cost and risk estimation techniques Upon completion of these missions, NASA would have validated management techniques & a cadre of managers trained in their use 33

34 INTEGRITY Incorporate international partners If one assumes that actual human exploration missions will be international, now is the time to learn how to effectively work together New techniques for working with international partners can be developed with embedded metrics to continually evaluate their performance Since it is a ground mission & costs are likely much lower than flight, new international partners might want to participate Build constituencies 34

35 INTEGRITY Incorporate commercial partners (U.S. & international) Develop new paradigms for working with commercial entities; embed metrics Find the win-win situations and develop new paradigms for commercial partners Since a ground analog is likely to be lower cost, smaller commercial entities might want to participate Build constituencies 35

36 INTEGRITY Incorporate academic partners (U.S. & international) There are ways to incorporate academic institutions as full partners to achieve synergy between educating students and tapping into the vast academic expertise and creativity pool to make future missions better This could be a teaching tool for science, engineering, business management, public affairs,... Develop and evaluate new techniques with embedded metrics Build constituencies 36

37 INTEGRITY Education Outreach This could be extremely useful for education classroom links, visits, student experiments, etc. This could be a tremendous teaching tool for science, engineering, business management, public affairs, marketing, communications, arts,... Develop and evaluate new education-outreach techniques with embedded metrics Build constituencies 37

38 INTEGRITY Public Affairs Marketing Need to re-engage the public (both domestic and international) in a wellthought out, methodical, sustained way The press would find this fascinating and we would get some important positive press coverage # During the 15, 30, 60, and 91-day tests in we underestimated the interest of the press (both U.S. and international) Would be a good vehicle to develop new paradigms with embedded metrics for public interaction the internet, Build constituencies 38

39 INTEGRITY Employees & Contractors This would re-invigorate NASA s own employees tremendously because it is real not just a paper study Incredible recruiting tool for scientists, engineers, & managers 39

40 Functional Elements of Integrity Planetary Mission Control Simulator Supporting Research, Technology Development, and Integration Laboratories Transit Vehicle Simulator Planetary Surface Terrain Simulator Planetary Descent/Ascent Vehicle Simulator Planetary Surface Habitat Simulator Education/Outreach Access Management/ Cost Estimation/ Program Control Test Bed 40

41 INTEGRITY Mars Configuration (view 1) 41

42 INTEGRITY Mars Configuration (view 2) 42

43 INTEGRITY Mars Configuration (view 3) 43

44 INTEGRITY Lunar Configuration 44

45 INTEGRITY Mars Configuration (view 4) 45

46 INTEGRITY Mars Configuration (view 5) 46

47 INTEGRITY Mars Configuration (view 6) 47

48 National Aeronautics Space Administration Candidate Implementation NASA-JSC BUILDING 29 TRANSIT VEHICLE SIMULATOR ROTUNDA COMMUNICATIONS CENTER ADMINISTRATIVE WING PUBLIC OBSERVATION AREA WINDOWS PLANETARY LANDSCAPE ROBOTICS, EVA SYSTEMS, DRILLING RIGS, ETC. PLANETARY LANDER SIMULATOR OBSERVATION ROOM CONTROL CENTER SERVICE WING PLANETARY HABITAT SIMULATOR 48

49 National Candidate Aeronautics Space Administration Partnering

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