Lightweight materials for advanced space structures
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1 DOC-TAS-EN-003 Lightweight materials for advanced space structures Marco Nebiolo, Antonia Simone Advanced Technology & Materials 09/11/2016 Ref.: Advanced Solutions, Materials & Robotics Unit Engineering- Domain Exploration & Science Italy
2 INTRODUCTION The current status of the art in the development of new generation space manned modules exploiting the inflatable concept matched with lightweight flexible textiles The possibility to exploit the inflatable technology matched with flexible textiles to realize capture mechanisms able to operate in space TAS-I breadboard and prototype realization Textile based structures already in use in running space missions 2
3 TAS-I Background in Space Infrastructures Wide experience in Structure & Mechanisms for Systems related to Space Infrastructures matured in nearly 4 decades: Highly consolidated in Metallic Modules Gradually increasing (from 1998) in the emerging field of the Inflatable Modules In total 50% of ISS pressurized volume developed by Thales Alenia Space with metallic modules 3
4 TAS International Space Station Contribution TAS-I has gained in the ISS a central position in the Design, Development & Verification for Pressurized Modules through the cooperation in ASI and ESA projects Spacelab MPLM & PMM ATV Columbus Spacehab Nodes 2 & 3 Cupola Cygnus 1970 s 1980 s 1990 s 2000 s 4
5 5 From LEO to Moon and Mars Extending human access and sustainable presence to Moon and Mars is the natural evolution of the capabilities acquired in LEO through the participation to the International Space Station ISS Completion & Exploitation as Exploration Technological Test Bed Exploration :Manned space system and infrastructures Transportation Systems and Technological Demonstrators 5 Next Generation Launchers
6 Why Inflatable Modules? In Flight In service High habitable volumes in manned space vehicles are primarily requested for: Availability of a minimum crew individual volume (mainly dependent on the mission duration) to guarantee acceptable life conditions in terms of comfort & privacy Accommodation of sub-systems, crew equipment and payload experiments 6
7 Space Habitats Evolutions Need to increase the current metallic modules volume reducing mass launch Current Metallic Module (ISS Columbus) New Generation Inflatable Module Volumes from 100 m 3 to m 3 Mass reduced from 30 up to 40% Launch cost : 25 up to 40 Keuro/kg 7
8 Inflatable Module Space Applications ISS attached: to increase the current volume or for future replacement of end-oflife metallic modules Free Flyer Orbiting (LEO, LLO, L1) or Interplanetary Transfer Modules Surface Habitats (Moon, Mars) 3D printing technology will transform raw lunar soil into livable domes, covering inflatable structures 8
9 Inflatable Modules Primary Structures Complex Functional Layer Sequence Structural Restraint Outer Space MLI MMOD Bladder for Air Containment Internal Barrier Habitat Volume All the functional layers are based on polymeric materials as textile or bulk 9
10 Lightweight Materials Engineered fibers For the internal barrier And structural restraint Multilayer high tightness layer For bladder Ribbon net tested up to 150 KN Polymeric and ceramic textile for the MMOD 10
11 Inflatable Space Modules Prototyping Examples Manned Inflatable Modules Prototyping FLECS (Flexible Expandable Commercial Module) Bladder FLECS: ISS Attached Structural restraint 11 MMOD Protection
12 Inflatable Space Modules Prototyping Examples Manned Inflatable Modules Prototyping (IMOD) Reduced scale BB of 3 m diameter & 2 m height has been designed, manufactured & tested Air Bladder inflation Structural Restraint Installation ESA project 12 Ground deployment Ground packaging
13 Inflatable Capture Mechamism ICM (Inflatable Capture Mechanism) Constituent Parts The constituent inflatable parts are the following: Main Body conical container : Height 1040 mm Radial Balloons securing of SC (Sample Container) inside Main Body Centering Balloons confining of SC in a central corridor Pushing Balloon assuring transfer of the SC in the spacecraft 18 inflatable chambers for main body Radial Balloons Deployed Radial Balloons Stowed 13 Pushing Balloon Stowed Functionality Test
14 Inflatable Space Modules Prototyping Examples STEPS2-Expandable Crew lock prototype The ISS Crew Lock as case study: Full scale dimensions (Diameter of 2 m & Length of about 3 m) 55 % Packaging Efficiency 14
15 MULTIFUNCTIONAL LAYERS Antiabrasion layers IPower Cables by co-weaving of textile to feed sensors and spotlights Connection of Environmental Sensors for Pressure, Temperature and Humidity control on dedicated Cards discretized on the internal barrier internal zones of the pressurized volume Internal lighting provided by discretized LEDs spotlights Antibacterial nanostructured coating to reduce biodegradation Sensors Cards Spotlights Joining Zips
16 ANTIBACTERIAL NANOSTRUCTURED LAYERS Crewmembers are the primary source of microorganisms M. Mergeay Life Support in Spaceflight and Planetary Stations: Microbes may help for Energy Efficiency- CROSSTALKS Science&Industry "Energy Efficiency Perspectives" VUB, 12NOV Specia of microorganisms
17 ANTIBACTERIAL NANOSTRUCTURED LAYERS Biocide and antimicrobic layer High resistant in harsh environment ( e.g Thermal cycling, vacuum) Inorganic based material to avoid outgassing High efficacy due to silver nanostructured (high SSE) Thin layer from 60 to 300 nm Proliferation of the fungal specie is inhibited in the most severe conditions ( e.g immersed in a fungal broth) 17
18 Length: 13 ft (4 m) US Experience Bigelow Expandable Activity Module Material: Inflatable shell Length: 4 meters Diameter: 3 meters Weight: ~ 1300 kilograms Overall Volume: 16 cubic meters Full-scale mock-up of BEAM at JSC Station statistics Launch date: 2016 aunch vehicle: Falcon 9 v1.1 Full Thrust Credit: Bigelow Aerospace 18 Mass: 3,000 lb (1,360 kg)
19 Textile Structures in current Space Missions 19 SOFT BAGS, BELTS & NETS IN ATV MISSION ATV at ISS ATV De-orbit Transport Bags & Belts Restraint Containment Nets Crew Access to ATV 17
20 Textile Structures in Ref.: current Space Missions CYGNUS PCM: FABRIC BAGS & BELTS Restraining Ribbons from SABELT (leader in automotive safety devices) 18
21 Questions? THANKS 21
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