Prototyping 4 Capstone THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 27, 2018

Transcription

1 Prototyping 4 Capstone THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 27, 2018

2 Disclaimer Prototyping is not for every project. Please consult your faculty advisors or TA before beginning Prototyping to make sure that Prototyping is right for you. Side effects of Prototyping include neglecting the actual project deliverables, working for hours to make something underwhelming and disappointing, and an overwhelming sense of despair over realizing that you fell into the sunk cost fallacy.

3 Today we will/will not cover: COVERED TODAY what prototypes are how prototyping should factor into your capstone project when you should use different methods of prototypes mockups, works-like, looks-like what prototype resources are available on campus how prototyping factors into real-world engineering projects NOT COVERED TODAY Manufacturing processes Process documenting/portfolio building Drawing Good practices for design of physical objects Design for assembly/disassembly Design for repair

4 We ll also decode the phrase: Don t design the prototype, Design the project.

5 Prototypes can be sophisticated

6 Or they can be very simple

7 Prototypes are tools. THEY CAN BE CREATED TO TEST OR EVALUATE A SPECIFIC IDEA THEY DON T NEED TO ADDRESS, REPRESENT, OR COVER ALL PRODUCT SYSTEMS THEY HAVE A RELATIVELY LOW TIME INVESTMENT THEY HAVE A RELATIVELY LOW COST OF PRODUCTION THEY MAY BE USED TO COMMUNICATE VALUE TO OTHERS

8 I use prototypes all

9 of

10 the

11 time

12 11

13 KEY Low Fidelity Prototype Medium Fidelity Prototype High Fidelity Prototype

14 KEY Low Fidelity Prototype Medium Fidelity Prototype High Fidelity Prototype

15 Who? When? KEY Low Fidelity Prototype Medium Fidelity Prototype High Fidelity Prototype How?!? What? Where? Why?

16 Low Fidelity Prototypes Used to test a LOT of wild ideas Quick, cheap, poorly made Could be MacGuyvered together Purposes: How would the user interact with this? I m having problems envisioning this concept. What might this system look like? 8

17 Materials for Low-Fi Prototyping Hot Glue Play-doh Cardboard/Chipboard Pink Foam Yarn 12 Legos K NEX Paper (for UI/UX)

18 Medium Fidelity Prototypes Tests key functions of a more developed concept Tends to take more time, cost Purposes: Demonstrating works-like value to client or others Evaluating usability of functions Allows idea generation around combining functions 13

19 Materials for Med-Fi Prototyping CAD Plywood Acrylic Sheet Metal Arduino/Rasp Pi Sensors Actuators 14

20 High Fidelity Prototypes Showcases final intent of product Takes a lot of time, cost Purposes: Shows all systems of products working together Used to get sponsors Troubleshooting before production Used for testing 2

21 How to Avoid the Trap.

22 KEY Low Fidelity Prototype Medium Fidelity Prototype High Fidelity Prototype

23 Do: Stay Focused on the Task at Hand. Remember: You NEED to provide a thorough, workable solution with engineering analysis, you don t NEED a final prototype.

24 Case Study: The Stair Climbing Robot

25 Do Not: Reinvent the Wheel. Just because you learned how to design something from scratch in your classes, doesn t mean you should. Antikythera Mechanism, 37 gear astronomical calculator - 87 BC

26 YOU COULD. 1. Figure out your functional requirements. (system force, transmission, rpm) 2. Custom design a gear system to do that. 1. Calculate dimensional layout. 2. Determine material requirements. 3. Analyze forces. 3. Draw it in CAD. 4. Make a prototype in the Invention Studio. 5. Test that prototype in your prototype whenever that s done. 6. Make the machining mall create your custom gears for you. Cost: 3 weeks of design time, ~$500 of in-house machine time.

27 OR YOU COULD 1. Figure out your functional requirements. (system force, transmission, rpm) 2. Select gears from McMaster Carr based on requirements. 3. Download CAD for your simulation. 4. Order the gears for your final prototype. Cost:.5 weeks of design time, ~$ of ordering cost

28 Nguyen Duc Thang: A God Among Men 1700 MECHANISMS

29 Do: Make Prototypes for a Reason. Good reasons for building a prototype: UX evaluations Communicating an idea at the expo Either Looks Like or Works Like Identifying unforeseen issues in operation

30 Do Not: Build Prototypes Just Because Bad Reasons for Building a Prototype: Because I love to build things! Because my friend is in a team and they are making a prototype for their project. Because we re engineers, darn it, and I need to build something to feel better about my degree! Because my sponsor really really wants one.

31 Case Study: Building a Better Boat

32 Do: Watch Out for the Sunk Cost Fallacy. Make sure that you grant an appropriate amount of time/money to your prototype. If you appear to be changing your final design to meet the parts that you can find to fit your prototype that are NOT IDEAL for your project, you may be designing your prototype.

33 Do Not: Mistake Your Prototype for Your Final Product!=

34 Design the Project, not the Prototype. Design your project as if at the end of this project you can hand the entire package to the sponsor, such that they could take your plans, source the parts to the correct manufacturers, and start assembling the products. Do not hand them the final plans for your prototype. Ex: Parts that you 3D printed in the short term would be designed for injection molding for production. Don t give them your 3d print files.

35 Resources for Prototyping Invention Studio Montgomery Machining Mall ME Electronics Lab Aero Maker Space Digital Fabrication Lab The MILL The HIVE

36 How to Help the MMM Help you. 1. Before asking for custom components, check to see if something is available! 1. Don t ask for a welded frame out of custom tubing, when you could design your prototype to accommodate 80/20 extrusions with pre-made hardware. 2. Don t ask for a tighter tolerance than is necessary! 1. +/ takes a lot more time and effort for them than +/ Refresh the proper ways to dimension things! Double check your drawings/requests Ask them for their opinions!

37 Prototyping/Project Development In Industry Is different for different industries Consumer Product Design -> Agile Design Methodology Defense and B2B Products -> Waterfall, TRL/MRL Agile Design Methodology Focused on iteration and revisions More qualitative More classically associated with Industrial Design Technology/Manufacturing Readiness Level Focused on risk evaluation More quantitative More associated with Engineering For products/projects over $1M 9

38 Technology Readiness Levels (TRL) Used to estimate technology maturity Readiness level determined by Technology Readiness Assessment Levels from 1-9 determine at what state prototyping and testing is required TRL 5- Component and/or breadboard validation in relevant environment: Fidelity of breadboard technology increases significantly. The basic technological components are integrated with reasonably realistic supporting elements so it can be tested in a simulated environment. 10

39 Manufacturing Readiness Levels (MRL) Matures after product technology and product design are stable Used to assess/predict risk and potential costings of projects Levels relate to readiness of a manufacturing facility to support production of the emerging/target product. Level 1: Basic Manufacturing Implications Identified Level 10: Full Rate Production demonstrated and lean production practices in place.

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41 Questions? Veronica Spencer Office Hours: Monday 1-2pm, Wednesday 11-1pm MRDC 2 nd Floor Lobby