Aircraft High Frequency Communications HIARC
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- Cuthbert Richard
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1 Aircraft High Frequency Communications HIARC
2 Yes, Aircraft Have HF - Aircraft must be in contact, even over oceans - VHF won t reach so HF - Aircraft HF coms is thriving, unlike maritime which was married to CW - Typical traffic: Clearance delivery, course deviations, 30 min posn reports, WX / SIGMETS, patches, emergency reporting - Easily monitored, USB + sound card data
3 Why Aircraft HF - Cheap. Satcom is a $1.00 a minute - Legacy, the way we ve always done it - Works - Polar coverage - Simple compatible international - ARINC
4 ITU Aeronautical Band Allocations
5 Major World Air Route Areas / Radio Zone
6 Pacific Air Route Areas / Radio Zones
7 Worldwide Frequency Assignments
8 My Loggings NY Radio Carribean Service Area: 3455, 5550, 6577, 8918, 11330, kc. Strong signals. NY North Atlantic: 8903, San Francisco Radio: 10057, evening DX Gander Radio Shanwick, Santa Maria Azore (Perfect Mid-Atlantic Accent), Polar Radio (South Pole) 8995 kc, evening DX our winters
9 Frequency Planning: All Clear Channel MGMT_Workshop_Summary.pdf
10 Communications Plan
11 Typical exchange English (or something resembling it ) This is United 123 reporting posn blue at time XXXX Z, flight level 350, heading 85 (deg), winds 30 (knots) at (heading) 120, fuel on board XXXX (pounds). Expect (next posn) at time XXXX. Ride smooth choppy moderate turbulance The readback from ARINC
12 Phone Patches Business only 8933 kc
13 ARINC
14 Aircraft HF Radios
15 Cockpit Control Head USAF GCS on active channel, East Atlantic Civilian ATC (Santa Maria Azores) on standby channel
16 Aircraft HF Radios Boeing 757 Electronic Equipment Bay Collins HF Radios
17 Amateur contacts Pilots get on amateur bands once in a while!
18 VOLMET Voice Weather, New York / Gander / Trenton Military Easy to log: 3485, 6604, 10051, KC
19 ACARS Data Frequencies
20 Aircraft High Frequency Data Link Software (HFDL), Sound Card Monitoring
21 Military Aircraft Use HF: USAF GCS 4724, 6739, 8992, 11175, 13200, kc SSB USB ns_system
22 Inmarsat Dial up the ARINC Service Center as Dial up the ARINC Service Center as an alternative to HF
23 Propagation
24 Propagation, Eglin AFB FL 17:00 Z
25 New York Radio Facilities
26 New York Radio Transmit Site, Long Island
27 New York Radio Transmit Site, Riverview Long Island No seawater
28 New York Radio Transmit Site
29 New York Radio Transmit Site
30 Antennas
31 Grainger Monopole Log Periodic Wood pole
32 Grainger Log Periodic 100 foot tower at rear Wood pole up front 100 x 337 foot ground pad
33 Grainger Log Periodic EL Cut 20 o takeoff angle of Riverhead NY xmit site mile target zone. NHIS only, no NVIS. Ground tuck
34 Grainger Log Periodic AZ Cut 1-cos n cardoid, no backlobes. The beam walks back and forth in AZ, not shown.
35 Grainger Log Periodic
36 Ground Antennas, Pyramidal Log Periodic
37 Notch Conformal Antennas Airbus A380
38 Notch Conformal Antennas
39 Notch Conformal Antennas
40 Notch Conformal Antennas
41 Notch Conformal Antennas, Conductor Proximity Effect
42 Notch Conformal Antennas, Conductor Proximity Effect Note: Modeling Software Often Fails On Proximity Effects Notch Width ~3X Conductor Width: Slotline
43 HF / Electrically Small Notch Small Notches Typical Low Resistances Obtained Special Techniques: 1 St Reactor: Capacitor, Vacuum Type Solid State Switches, Even Relay Contacts To Lossy HF Notch airbus A380 and solid state antenna coupler
44 Notch Conformal Antennas Driving Point Impedance, A380 / HFS Notch
45 Notch Conformal Antennas
46 Notch Conformal Antennas
47 Vacuum Variable Capacitor Q ~ 100,000
48 1 st Loading Reactor Loss Equivalent Series Resistance = Xc / Q At 3 Mhz, Airbus 380 Notch X L = 30 Resonance Xc = XL Equivalent Series Resistance = Xc / Q = 30/50,000 Loading Reactor ESR = ohms Driving Point Resistance = Rr = 0.1 Ohms η = Rr / (Rr + ESR) = 0.1 / ( ) = 0.99 or 99%
49 US Patent 2,614,219
50 Coplanar Waveguide Notch
51 Probe Antenna, C141 Tailcap
52 HF Probe Antenna
53 Historical HF Probe Antenna Collins 618C and ARC/190 HF Radios 8 to 12 Mhz Best Operation Below 4 Mhz Not Permitted
54 Good listening between the bands
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