(2) Frequency assignment planning for VHF COM systems. Workshop Dakar, Senegal, April Robert Witzen Loftur Jónasson Mie Utsunomiya
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1 ICAO Handbook on Radio Frequency Spectrum Requirements for Civil Aviation Volume II - Frequency assignment planning criteria for aeronautical radio communication and navigation systems (ICAO Doc 9718, Volume II) (2) Frequency assignment planning for VHF COM systems Workshop Dakar, Senegal, April 2017 Robert Witzen Loftur Jónasson Mie Utsunomiya 1
2 Vol. II Ch2 VHF COM systems Interference model (co-frequency separation (1)) Conforms to the general methodology in Chapter 1 Model for establishing separation distances to prevent air-to-air interference: A a d d Station A Range = R A = d d Station B Range = R B d u b B Transmitter Feeder Antenna gain e.i.r.p D Propagation antenna input Pd Antenna gain Feeder Receiver PTd Fd Gd Ld Gr Fr PTr antenna receiver input Pu input RPu Transmitter Feeder Antenna gain Propagation PTu Fu Gu Lu e.i.r.p U receiver input RPd Minimum separation between stations A and B: Range A + Radio horizon A + Radio Horizon B +Range B 2
3 Vol. II Ch2 VHF COM systems Interference model (co-frequency separation (2)) LL bbbb = llllll ff llllll dd where: L bbbb : free-space basic transmission (db) ff : frequency (MHz) dd : distance (NM) 3
4 Vol. II Ch2 VHF COM systems Interference model (co-frequency separation (3)) Using the free space path formula to solve for a D/U, we can derive the distance ratio necessary: DD UU = LL uu LL dd = llllll ff llllll dd uu llllll ff llllll dd dd = 2222 llllll dd uu 2222 llllll dd dd = 2222 llllll dd uu dd dd DD UU = 2222 llllll dd uu dd dd oooo dd uu dd dd = 1111 ( DD UU )/2222 If d u = 2*d d then If d u = 10*d d then DD UU DD = 20 log 2 = 6 db UU = 20 log 10 = 20 db => We need a 10 to 1 distance ratio to achieve a 20 db protection ratio 4
5 Vol. II Ch2 VHF COM systems Interference model (co-frequency separation (4)) A d d a Station A Range = R A = d d Station B Range = R B d u b B Transmitter Feeder Antenna gain e.i.r.p D Propagation antenna input Pd Antenna gain Feeder Receiver PTd Fd Gd Ld Gr Fr PTr antenna receiver input Pu input RPu Transmitter Feeder Antenna gain Propagation PTu Fu Gu Lu e.i.r.p U receiver input RPd Minimum separation between stations A and B: Range A + Radio horizon A + Radio Horizon B +Range B 5
6 Vol. II Frequency assignment planning Interference model (co-frequency separation (5)) Effect of the radio horizon (att. beyond Rh = 0.5 * D LOS ) a DBLOS b B A RHA Radio horizon RHB Ground station A Range = RA Ground station B Range = RB Distance beyond line-of-sight = dblos 6
7 Vol. II Frequency assignment planning Interference model (co-frequency separation (1)) Between Aeronautical broadcast stations (ATIS, VOLMET) Do not involve aircraft transmission Separation distances are less compared to both stations providing air-ground communications A Broadcast station A R A a RH A 15 NM b Broadcast station B 7
8 Vol. II Frequency assignment planning Interference model (adj-frequency separation (1)) Current adjacent channel protection criteria in Doc 9718 Vol II The current adjacent frequency protection criteria in Doc 9718 Vol II overprotects, and should not be used anymore. A new criteria has now been agreed by FSMP and has already been implemented in Frequency Finder 8
9 Vol. II Frequency assignment planning Interference model (adj-frequency separation (2)) FSMP WG/4 (29 March 7 April 2017) agreed to a revision of the adjacent frequency separation criteria. Previously adopted by EUR-FMG Desired and undesired station use 25 khz channel spacing: 1 st adjacent channel no geographical separation required Ground transmitting and receiving stations to be separated by 10 NM Special criteria apply in areas where both 8.33 khz and 25 khz channel spacing is used. Implemented in Frequency Finder Amendment to Handbook in progress 9
10 Vol. II Frequency assignment planning Interference model (adj. frequency separation (3)) Mixed channel spacing Station 1 25 khz channel spacing Station khz channel spacing MHz MHz (channel ) MHz MHz (channel ) MHz , , MHz (channels ) MHz MHz (channel ) Co-frequency 1 st adj. frequency (= co-frequency at 25 khz) 2 nd 4 th adj. frequency 10 NM between DOC 5 th adj. frequency No separation required 10
11 Frequency assignment planning for VHF air/ground communication systems (1) a b A RHA Ground station A Range = RA Ground station B Range = RB RHB Radio horizon B Separation distance between air ground communication services R A + RH A + RH B + R B Example: A =TWR (25NM, 4000ft) and B= APP-U (150 NM, ft) Min. Sep distance = =514 NM (between the stations) 11
12 Frequency assignment planning for VHF air/ground communication systems (2) Service VICTIM Interfer TWR 25/400 AFIS 25/4000 AS Surface APP-U 150/450 APP-I 75/250 APP-L 50/120 ACC-U A/450 ACC/L A/250 FIS-U A/450 FIS/L A/250 VOLMET 260/450 ATIS 200/450 TWR Example of separation distances required between a TWR Service and other ATC Services Separation distances are between the edges of the relevant Designated Operational Coverage (DOC) 12
13 Frequency assignment planning for VHF air/ground communication systems (3) a b Broadcast station B A RHA 15 NM RA Broadcast station A Separation distance between two stations providing aeronautical broadcast services; max range is 200 NM (Max) R A + RH A + 15 or R B + RH B + 15 Example: A =ATIS (200NM, 45000ft) and B= VOLMET(200 NM, ft) Min. Sep distance = =476 NM (between the stations) or 75 NM between the DOC of the stations 13
14 Frequency assignment planning for VHF air/ground communication systems (4) a b A Air/ground station A RHA RHB Radio horizon B Broadcast station B Separation distance between two stations where one station is for air-ground communication and the other is providing aeronautical broadcast services Separation distances are the same as for two stations providing air-ground communications 14
15 Frequency assignment planning for VHF air/ground communication systems (5) VICTIM Service TWR 25/4000 AFIS 25/4000 AS Surface APP-U 150/450 APP- I 75/250 APP-L 50/120 ACC-U Area/450 ACC-L Area/250 FIS-U Area/450 FIS- L Area/250 VOLMET 260/450 ATIS 200/450 TWR AFIS AS (Note 2) 25 APP-U APP-I INTERFER APP-L ACC-U (Note 1) ACC-L (Note 1) FIS-U (Note 1) FIS-L (Note 1) VOLMET ATIS
16 Frequency assignment planning for VHF air/ground communication systems (5) Frequency planning criteria for VDL were considered by the ACP between Same methodology as for developing planning criteria for VHF voice systems Criteria for VDL (Mode 2 and Mode 4): The Handbook contains specific considerations to be taken into account when using VDL on the surface of an airport. 16
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