NEW BRUNSWICK, NEWFOUNDLAND

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1 Modern Dime Size Silver Coins of the World CANADA Including NEW BRUNSWICK, NEWFOUNDLAND FOOTNOTE: A uniform decimal system of coinage was established through the Dominion of Canada in The unit of account is the dollar of 100 cents, the value of which is declared to be on the basis of 486 cents and two-thirds of a cent to the pound of British sterling money. In 1867, March 28th, the British North America Act for Confederation of the colonies passed the Imperial Parliament. It united Upper Canada or Ontario, Lower Canada or Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, into one territory, to be named the Dominion of Canada. Newfoundland declared against joining the Confederation, but with that exception all the British territory north of the United States was granted with, The Dominion - The Hudson Bay Company territory by purchase in 1868, British Columbia in 1871, Prince Edward Island in Cabinet Cyclopaedia,1895. BIRMINGHAM MINT 10 CENTS 18MM.925 FINE GRAMS Early Canadian Arms BIRMINGHAM MINT 10 CENTS 18MM.925 FINE GRAMS ,870, ,000, ,600, i/a ,500, , ,000, , ,000 OV: Laureate head of Victoria, facing left, VICTORIA DEI GRATIA REGINA (Victoria by the grace of God Queen) above, CANADA below. RV: 10 / CENTS / DATE, St.Edwards Crown above, within wreath of maple leaves tied with ribbon below / H (mintmark) below. MINT: H = R. Heaton & Son, BIRMINGHAM DESIGNER: Leonard C. Wyon REFERENCE: Y-3, CA-12, KM ,100, ,320,000 OV: Head of Edward VII, facing right, EDWARVS VII D.G.REX IMPERATOR (Edwarvs VII Dei Gratia Rex Imperator = Edward VII by the grace of God King and Emperor) around / DES. under bust. RV: 10 / CENTS / CANADA / - / DATE, Imperial State Crown, above, within wreath of maple leaves tied with ribbon below / H (mintmark) below. MINT: H = The Mint, BIRMINGHAM,Ltd. DESIGNER: DES. = George William DeSaulles TYPE: I - Coin die direction. REFERENCE: Y-12, CA 18, KM-10 FOOTNOTE: Currency of Canada cents = 1 dollar FOOTNOTE: Canada was originally discovered by Cabot in 1497, but its history dates only from 1534, when the French took possession of the country. The first settlement (Quebec) was founded in In 1759 Quebec succumbed to the British force under General Wolfe, and in 1763 the whole territory of Canada became a possession of Great Britain by the Treaty of Paris of that year. Nova Scotia was ceded in 1713 by the Treaty of Utrecht, the Provinces of New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island being subsequently formed out of it. POPULATION: Canada ,324,810 with capital Ottawa with 44,000 inhabitants. FOOTNOTE: The 10 cents coinage of Canada is arranged by mints; Birmingham, London and Ottawa, followed by the Province of New Brunswick which ordered coins from the Royal Mint, London. Newfoundland which had its own unique coinage from 1862 used the same mints as Canada; Birmingham, London and Ottawa, but with much smaller mintages all struck in sterling. FOOTNOTE: Production records show the mintage for 1874 as 600,000 and 1875 as 1,000,000, however they do not indicate the dates of each issue. The issue of 1875 being more scarce. City of Quebec ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SMALL SILVER COINS - CANADA - PAGE 61

2 FOOTNOTE: George William DeSaulles - The letters DES. appearing under the portrait of Edward VII on the coinage of Great Britain and Commonwealth countries denotes engraver George William DeSaulles. Born in Birmingham in 1862, the son of a glass merchant of French ancestry, he received his first art training while attending the Birmingham School of Art. From there DeSaulles progressed to an apprenticeship with a Birmingham diesinker. In 1884 he moved to London, having finished his apprenticeship and worked for John H. Pinches until 1884, when he returned to Birmingham for four years. During this time in Birmingham he worked for the medallist Joseph Moore. In 1892 DeSaulles heard that the position of engraver at the Royal Mint was to be filled due to the death of Leonard Charles Wyon. He applied for the post and his appointment was confirmed in During the next ten years he was actively engaged in the production of dies for British and Colonial coins, and official medals. A skillful craftsman and very fast worked, he frequently did all the designing, modeling and engraving for his own dies himself. His earlier work at the Royal Mint included the engraving of dies for the Old Head coinage of Victoria. From designs by various other artists, and he also modified some of the designs then in use on Victoria s coins. At the accession of Edward VII in 1901 desaulles designed and engraved the portrait for the new coinage, both the uncrowned head which appears on the coinage of Great Britain and the Empire of India and the crowned effigy of Canada, East Africa & Uganda Protectorate, Hong Kong, Straits Settlements and Australia, Newfoundland and Ceylon. Included among his designs are the 1894 reverse Y-3 British Honduras and the British trade dollar (1895) and the Straits Settlements Dollar (1903). DeSaulles was a dedicated artist and at the Royal Mint he worked very long hours. This eventually took its toll. On July 21, 1903 not long after he had completed his design for the Edward VII series, he died at Chiswick, England. ===================================================================== CANADA, British Province of LONDON MINT 10 CENTS 18MM.925 FINE GRAMS ,216,402 OV: Laureate head of Victoria, facing left, VICTORIA DEI GRATIA REGINA (Victoria by the grace of God Queen) above, CANADA below. RV: 10 / CENTS / 1858, St.Edwards Crown above, within wreath of maple leaves tied with ribbon below. MINT: (no mintmark) = Royal Mint, LONDON DESIGNER: Leonard C. Wyon REFERENCE: Y-3, KM-3 Type: I - Lower weight. POPULATION: Canada ,090,561 FOOTNOTE: Canada in The unorganized and unnamed portion of the Dominions of Canada this year was set apart into provisional districts. The territory east of Hudson s Bay, having the province of Quebec on the south and the Atlantic on the east, was to be hereafter known as Ungava, The territory embraced in the islands of the Artic Sea was to be known as Franklin, the Mackenzie River region as Mackenzie and the Pacific coast territory lying north of British Columbia and west of Mackenzie as Yukon. The Annual Register, 1895, p.391. FOOTNOTE: When the English government was established in Canada after the capture of Quebec and Montreal in 1790, only about two hundred of the sixty-five thousand inhabitants were of English origin, the rest were French. In 1774 the British Parliament passed the Quebec Act recognizing French traditions, customs, laws and the Catholic Church. During the American Revolution Loyalists in great numbers settled in the Maritime Provinces and in Upper Canada (Ontario). By 1806 eighty thousand Loyalists immigrants had crossed the frontier from the United States. In 1837 rebellion of the Liberals against the Loyalists in control of the government broke out in Upper Canada and in Lower Canada ( Quebec) also due to irritation of the French at British rule. Both rebellions were easily crushed, but the British sent over an investigator whose report in 1840 advocated self-government for the colonies. This was followed by the Act of Union, bringing the two Provinces under one government. By the British North American Act of 1867 Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia were united in to the Dominion of Canada. In 1869 the extensive rights of the Hudson Bay Company were purchased. The Province of Manitoba was laid out in 1870, in 1871 British Columbia was admitted to the Federation and two years later Prince Edward Island. In 1905 Alberta and Saskatchewan came into the Union. LONDON MINT 10 CENTS 18MM.925 FINE GRAMS ,600, , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,200, ,100, ,200,000 OV: Laureate head of Victoria, facing left, VICTORIA DEI GRATIA REGINA (Victoria by the grace of God Queen) above, CANADA below. RV: 10 / CENTS / DATE, St.Edwards Crown above, within wreath of maple leaves tied with ribbon below. MINT: (no mintmark) = Royal Mint, LONDON DESIGNER: Leonard C. Wyon REFERENCE: Y-3, KM-3 Type: II - Increased weight. POPULATION: Canada ,371,315 with the capital Ottawa with 59,928 inhabitants. FOOTNOTE: The word Canada is Indian meaning a collection of huts, a village or a town. Compendium of Universal Knowledge, Phila., ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SMALL SILVER COINS - CANADA - PAGE 62

3 Horse-shoe fall at Niagara LONDON MINT 10 CENTS 18MM.925 FINE GRAMS , , ,000, ,000, ,700, ,620,000 OV: Head of Edward VII, facing right, EDWARVS VII D.G.REX IMPERATOR (Edwarvs VII Dei Gratia Rex Imperator = Edward VII by the grace of God King and Emperor) around / DES. under bust. RV: 10 / CENTS / CANADA / - / DATE, Imperial State Crown, above, within wreath of maple leaves tied with ribbon below. MINT: (no mintmark) = Royal Mint, LONDON DESIGNER: DES. = George William DeSaulles TYPE: I - Coin die direction. REFERENCE: Y-12, KM-10 FOOTNOTE: Ottawa, the capital of the Dominion is situated on the south bank of the Ottawa River. It communicates by steamer on the Ottawa with Montreal, and by the Rideau Canal with Lake Ontario. At the west end of the city the Ottawa rushes over the cataract known as the Chaudiere Falls. The Rideau Canal divides the city into the Upper Town and the Lower Town, the former being distinguished by its predominantly English population and the latter by the French Canadians. Ottawa s streets are wide and laid out at right angles. In addition to the government buildings, the Mint, the National Victoria Museum, Ottawa manufactures; wood products, paper, matches, cement, carbide, marine gas buoys, iron and foundry products, mica, and clothing. The city was selected by Queen Victoria as the capital of Canada in The Royal Mint opened its Ottawa branch in The mintmark C was not used on the Canadian 10 cents coinage, except for the issues struck for Newfoundland. KING EDWARD VII CENTS - OBVERSE 10 CENTS 17.91MM.925 FINE GRAMS , ,697, ,468,331 OV: Head of Edward VII, facing right, EDWARVS VII D.G.REX IMPERATOR (Edwarvs VII Dei Gratia Rex Imperator = Edward VII by the grace of God King and Emperor) around / DES. under bust. RV: 10 / CENTS / CANADA / - / DATE, Imperial State Crown, above, within wreath of maple leaves tied with ribbon below. MINT: (no mintmark) = Royal Mint Branch, OTTAWA DESIGNER: (obv) DES. = George William DeSaulles (rev) W.H.J.Blakemore TYPE: II - Medal die direction. REFERENCE: Y-12, KM-10 Early Canadian Home ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SMALL SILVER COINS - CANADA - PAGE 63

4 CENTS - REVERSE CENTS - OBVERSE KING GEORGE V - Godless Type 10 CENTS 18MM.925 FINE GRAMS ,737,584 OV: Head of George V, facing right, GEORGIVS V REX IND:IMP: (Georgivs V Rex Indae Imperator = George V King and Emperor of India) around / B.M. on trunction. RV: 10 / CENTS / CANADA / - / 1911 Crown above, within wreath of maple leaves tied with ribbon below. The Citadel, Quebec MINT: (no mintmark) = Royal Mint Branch, OTTAWA DESIGNER:(obv) B.M. = Sir Edgar Bertram MacKennal (rev) W.H.J.Blakemore TYPE: I - Without D.GRA, known as the Godless type. REFERENCE: Y-18A, KM-17 POPULATION: Canada ,206,643 with capital Ottawa with 87,062 inhabitants. FOOTNOTE: The 1911 series was known as the Godless variety due to the absence of D.GRA. (Dei Gratia = By the grace of God) from the Kings titles. Parliament building, Ottawa St.Edward's Crown ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SMALL SILVER COINS - CANADA - PAGE 64

5 CENTS - OBVERSE KING GEORGE V - Dei Gratia 10 CENTS 18MM.925 FINE GRAMS CENTS - REVERSE ,235, ,613, ,549, , ,218, ,011, ,133, ,877,722 OV: Head of George V, facing right, GEORGIVS V D GRA:REX ET IND:IMP: (Georgivs V Dei Gratia Rex et Indae Imperator = George V by the grace of God King and Emperor of India) around / B.M. on trunction. RV: 10 / CENTS / CANADA / - / DATE, Crown above, within wreath of maple leaves tied with ribbon below. DESIGNER:(obv) B.M. = Sir Edgar Bertram MacKennal (rev) W.H.J.Blakemore TYPE: II - With D.GRA added. REFERENCE: Y-18, KM CENTS - OBVERSE KING GEORGE V POPULATION: Canada ,769,489 ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SMALL SILVER COINS - CANADA - PAGE 65 Canada's new flag

6 CENTS - REVERSE 10 CENTS 18MM.800 FINE GRAMS ,305, ,469, ,458, ,253, ,831, ,067, ,154, , , , ,460,871 OV: Head of George V, facing right, GEORGIVS V DEI GRA:REX ET IND:IMP: (Georgivs V Dei Gratia Rex et Indae Imperator = George V by the grace of God King and Emperor of India) around / B.M. on trunction. RV: 10 / CENTS / CANADA / - / DATE, Crown above, within wreath of maple leaves tied with ribbon below. DESIGNER:(obv) B.M. = Sir Edgar Bertram MacKennal (rev) W.H.J.Blakemore REFERENCE: Y-18b, KM-23a POPULATION: Canada ,658,000 of which about 28% are French speaking, and over half are of British decent. There are 105,000 Indians and 3,300 Eskimos CENTS - OBVERSE KING GEROGE VI 10 CENTS 18MM.800 FINE GRAMS ,500, ,197, ,501, ,526, ,716, ,214, ,143, ,383, ,979, ,300, ,431,926 OV: Head of George VI, facing left, GEORGIVS VI D:G:REX ET IND:IMP: (Georgivs VI Dei Gratia Rex et Indae Imperator = George VI by the grace of God King and Emperor of India) around / H P under bust. RV: Schooner Bluenose, running left, CANADA above DATE to right, H to lower left, / 10 CENTS below. DESIGNER: (obv) H P = Thomas Hugh Paget (rev) H = Emmanuel Otto Hahn TYPE: I - Regular dating. REFERENCE: Y-30, KM-34 POPULATION: Canada ,376,786 ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SMALL SILVER COINS - CANADA - PAGE 66

7 Schooner CENTS - REVERSE Schooner Bluenose FOOTNOTE: The year 1933 found Canada still struggling unsuccessfully to check the four year decline in economic activity. In March, however, there was an upswing in general economic activity which gained momentum with the beginning of business revival in the United States in April. The price of No.1 northern wheat rose from the low point of $0.42 per bushel in December,1932, to $0.83 in July,1933. Canada followed the United States on April 24, 1933 and officially went off the Gold Standard. As a result the Canadian dollar recovered from.83 cents in April to.96 cents by September. New Standard Year Book FOOTNOTE: Royal Visit - William VI, Edward VII, George V, Edward VIII and George VI all visited the Dominions of Canada before they succeeded to the throne of Great Britain, but the first Royal visit came during May and June 1939 when King George VI and Queen Elizabeth crossed the Atlantic to visit the senior Dominion of the British Commonwealth and the Canadian people. Because of the tense European political situation, England wanted all of her Navy at her disposal, so the Royal party of 23 sailed in the Canadian Pacific liner Empress of Australia. The steamer was escorted by the cruisers Southampton and Glasgow. The King and Queen arrived in Quebec on May 17th and docked at Wolfe s Cove and were welcomed with a 21 gun salute. They traveled across Canada in a beautiful 12 car blue and silver train which followed a pilot train of press correspondents. Two coaches in the second train were reserved for the King and Queen containing sleeping quarters, bathrooms and observation section and a lounge and dining room car. They visited Montreal and Toronto and then headed for the Canadian wheatlands west. Stopping at Fort Garry for an interesting ceremony as prescribed in the original charter of the Hudson s Bay Company, granted in It stipulated that whenever the King visited the Company s domain, he or his heirs should receive in rent two elks and two rare black beavers. The Governor of the Company traveled all the way from London to present King George VI with the token payments. The trip continued on to Regina, Calgary where the Indians bestowed on His Majesty the title Great Chief Albino. They crossed the continental divide to Vancouver. The return trip brought the Royal party east to Niagara Falls and a visit to the United States before sailing from Nova Scotia at Halifax on the Empress of Britain on June 17,1939 for home. FOOTNOTE: The 1936 dot variety with mintage of 192,194 with only 4 known are specimen strikes and extremely rare. They were struck in 1937 for King George VI with (dot) under ribbon tied below on the reverse. FOOTNOTE: The 1937 issue has a small low date and subsequent issues the date is larger and higher to right of the sail as the small 1937 date proved to wear easily in circulation, so the following year the dates were enlarged and placed higher in the field with Maple leaf 10 CENTS 18MM.800 FINE GRAMS 1947 (1948) 9,638,793 OV: Head of George VI, facing left, GEORGIVS VI D:G:REX ET IND:IMP: (Georgivs VI Dei Gratia Rex et Indae Imperator = George VI by the grace of God King and Emperor of India) around / H P under bust. RV: Schooner Bluenose, running left, CANADA above 1947 (maple leaf) to right, H to lower left, / 10 CENTS below. DESIGNER: (obv) H P = Thomas Hugh Paget (rev) H = Emmanuel Otto Hahn TYPE: II - Maple leaf after date denoting REFERENCE: Y-30, KM-34 ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SMALL SILVER COINS - CANADA - PAGE 67

8 CENTS - OBVERSE KING GEORGE VI 10 CENTS 18MM.800 FINE GRAMS , ,336, ,823, ,079, ,474,455 OV: Head of George VI, facing left, GEORGIVS VI DEI GRATIA REX (George VI by the grace of God King) around / H P under bust. RV: Schooner Bluenose, running left, H to lower left, / 10 CENTS below. DESIGNER: (obv) H P = Thomas Hugh Paget (rev) H = Emmanuel Otto Hahn REFERENCE: Y-38, KM-43 FOOTNOTE: Delays in preparing the dies for 1948 with the Kings titles changed to omit ET IND:IMP: as the impending independence for India required this change and created a coinage shortage. Royal titles were changed from D:G:REX ET IND:IMP: (DEI GRATIA REX ET INDAE IMPERATOR = By the grace of God King and Emperor of India) to DEI GRATIA REX (By the grace of God King). The Ottawa mint continued to strike coins with 1947 date during 1948 with a small maple leaf to the right of the date. This also left the number of strikes of the new issue of 1948 with a low mintage CENTS - OBVERSE QUEEN ELIZABETH II 10 CENTS 18MM.800 FINE GRAMS ,706, ,493, ,237, ,732, ,110, ,621, ,691, ,446, ,850, ,864, ,916, ,518,549 OV: Head of Elizabeth II, facing right, ELIZABETH II DEI GRATIA REGINA (Elizabeth II by the grace of God Queen) around, M.G. on truncation. RV: Schooner Bluenose, running left, CANADA above DATE to right, H to lower left, 10 CENTS below. DESIGNER: (obv) M.G. = Mrs. Mary Gillick (rev) H = Emmanuel Otto Hahn REFERENCE: Y-46, KM-51 ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SMALL SILVER COINS - CANADA - PAGE 68

9 CENTS - REVERSE FOOTNOTE: The 1953 issue was struck originally with Queen in a design which has become to be known as the without shoulder strap. Later during the year the design was changed to show a shoulder strap on the shoulder of Queen Elizabeth II. FOOTNOTE: Emmanuel Otto Hahn was born in Reutlingen, Germany in He emigrated to Canada in Hahn designed the new reverse of the Canadian 10 cents coin first appearing in 1937 with the famous Canadian racing yacht the Lunenberg fishing schooner Bluenose as his model. His initial H appears to the left. He died in FOOTNOTE: Mrs. Mary Gillick - Born in Nottingham in Mrs. Mary Gillick at the age of 71 had her first coin design accepted, the profile design of Queen Elizabeth II for the new coins of The Queen was depicted as a teenage girl with more of the neck and shoulder showing than was the customary design, so a shoulder strap was added. Mrs. Gillick died in FOOTNOTE: Proof-like sets containing a 10 cents Canadian coin were issued by the Ottawa mint beginning in 1953 as follows: , included with the 1953 sets , , , , , , , , , ,653, CENTS - OBVERSE QUEEN ELIZABETH II 10 CENTS 18MM.800 FINE GRAMS ,965, ,330,199 OV: Head of Elizabeth II with tiara, facing right ELIZABETH II, left D.G.REGINA (Dei Gratia Regina = By the grace of God Queen), right. RV: Schooner Bluenose, running left, CANADA above DATE to right, H to lower left, 10 CENTS below. DESIGNER: (obv) = Arnold Machin (rev) H = Emmanuel Otto Hahn REFERENCE: Y-55, KM-61 FOOTNOTE: Proof-like sets containing a 10 cents Canadian coin minted for ,904,352 and ,514. FOOTNOTE: Arnold Machin was born in Stoke-On-Trent in 1911 and first studied sculpture at the local art college. While at Derby College he gained a Royal Exhibition to the Royal College of Arts. In 1947 he was elected an Associate of the Royal Academy and in 1956 became a Royal Academician. He has held several posts in connection with art teaching including Master of Sculpture at the Royal Academy Schools. He became well known in numismatic circles for the Machin portrait of Queen Elizabeth. ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SMALL SILVER COINS - CANADA - PAGE 69

10 CENTS - REVERSE CENTENNTIAL COMMEMORATIVE 10 CENTS 18MM.800 FINE GRAMS ,309,135 OV: Head of Elizabeth II with tiara, facing right ELIZABETH II, left D.G.REGINA (Dei Gratia Regina = By the grace of God Queen), right. RV: Mackerel, 10 CENTS ABOVE / CANADA below. DESIGNER: (obv) = Arnold Machin (rev) = Alex Colville REFERENCE: Y-61, KM-67 TYPE: I Fine silver FOOTNOTE: This coin was part of a set of Commemorative coinage issued by the Royal Canadian mint to commemorate the Canadian Confederation Centennial with this issue minted in.800 fine silver. The same design was later in the year 1967 struck in.500 fine silver. FOOTNOTE: The Centennial proof-like sets are listed with a mintage of 963,714 and the 10 cents issue was included with the 70,583 silver medallion presentation sets and the 337,512 gold presentation sets CENTS - OBVERSE QUEEN ELIZABETH II 10 CENTS 18MM.500 FINE GRAMS ,689,080 OV: Head of Elizabeth II with tiara, facing right ELIZABETH II, left D.G.REGINA (Dei Gratia Regina = By the grace of God Queen), right. RV: Mackerel, 10 CENTS ABOVE / CANADA below. DESIGNER: (obv) = Arnold Machin (rev) = Alex Colville TYPE: II Fine silver REFERENCE: Y-61a, KM-67a FOOTNOTE: This coin was part of a set of Commemorative coinage issued by the Royal Canadian mint to commemorate the Canadian Confederation Centennial with this issue minted in.500 fine silver, as during 1967, The rising price of silver forced the Ottawa mint to reduce the silver content from.800 fine to.500 fine. ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SMALL SILVER COINS - CANADA - PAGE 70

11 CENTS - REVERSE LAST OF THE CANADIAN SILVER 10 CENTS ===================================================================== 10 CENTS 18MM.500 FINE GRAMS ,460,000 OV: Head of Elizabeth II with tiara, facing right ELIZABETH II, left D.G.REGINA (Dei Gratia Regina = By the grace of God Queen), right. RV: Schooner Bluenose, running left, CANADA above 1968 to right, H to lower left, 10 CENTS below. DESIGNER: (obv) = Arnold Machin (rev) H = Emmanuel Otto Hahn REFERENCE: Y-55A, KM-72 FOOTNOTE: The last proof-like sets containing a silver 10 cents Canadian coin were dated 1968 with a mintage of 521,641. NEW BRUNSWICK FOOTNOTE: As a result of the American Revolution thousands of American Loyalists sought new homes in Canada; and a large number settled on the St. John River, and had that district erected into the separate Colony of New Brunswick. Cabinet Cyclopaedia, CENTS - OBVERSE QUEEN VICTORIA NEW BRUNSWICK, Province of the Dominion of Canada LONDON MINT 10 CENTS 18MM.925 FINE GRAMS , ,000 OV: Laureate head of Victoria, facing left VICTORIA D:G:REG: (Victoria Dei Gratia Regina = Victoria by the grace of God Queen) above NEW BRUNSWICK below. RV: 10 / CENTS / DATE, St.Edwards Crown above, within wreath of maple leaves tied with ribbon below. MINT: (no mintmark) = Royal Mint, LONDON DESIGNER: Leonard C. Wyon REFERENCE: Y-8, KM-8 POPULATION: New Brunswick ,395 with capital Fredericton with 7,300 inhabitants. FOOTNOTE: The reverse is the identical to Canada Y-3 of 1858, 10 cents designed and engraved by L.C.Wyon. FOOTNOTE: At the time these coins were shipped from the Royal Mint of London, New Brunswick was a separated British Colony. New Brunswick is now a Province of the Dominion of Canada with many rivers and small farms. The rivers flow from the rich forest region of the north. These produce large quantities of lumber. The coast has many harbors which support a large fishing industry. About a quarter of the people are of French descent, the remaining all of English ancestry. ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SMALL SILVER COINS - CANADA - PAGE 71

12 NEWFOUNDLAND The docks, St.John's, Newfoundland CENTS - REVERSE NEW BRUNSWICK FOOTNOTE: New Brunswick, part of British America, extends from Maine to the Gulf of St. Lawrence and is noted for its extensive forests and valuable fisheries. The climate, like that of Canada, is subject to great extremes of heat and cold, but is generally healthy. It is mostly a level province, and has generally a fertile soil. The principal articles of export are fish and timber. Frederickton, the capital of New Brundswick is situated on the River St. Johns, 80 miles from its mouth, at the head of sloop navigation. St. Johns, situated on the River St. Johns, 3 miles from its mouth, is the largest and most flourishing town in the Province. It has a good harbor and an extensive commerce. Olney s Geography, FOOTNOTE: The Colony of Newfoundland is a wilderness of bog, burnt land, rocky, barren and stunted forest - a great, fog-wrapped rock, thinly dusted with sterile earth - desolate, inhospitable, uninhabited from coast to coast, but the sea is generously stocked with fish. Out of a sea that is cold, rock-bound and swept by great winds are taken every year, by hook and trap, more than 150,000,000 pounds of cod, of which they consume one-fourth and sell the rest to other countries of the world. There are two classes of fisherman - the hook-and-line men and the far more prosperous trap men. The former fish off shore from their punts, but most of the trap men go far north to the Labrador Coast, live aboard or in turf huts ashore through the season, and return when the fall winds are blowing and the seas run high and the nights are bitter and black. BIRMINGHAM MINT 10 CENTS 18MM.925 FINE GRAMS , ,000 OV: Laureate head of Victoria, facing left VICTORIA D:G:REG: (Victoria Dei Gratia Regina = Victoria by the grace of God Queen) above, NEWFOUNDLAND below, H (mintmark) under bust. RV: 10 / CENTS / DATE within inner circle of pearls, arabesque border. MINT: H = R. Heaton & Sons, BIRMINGHAM, Ltd. NEW BRUNSWICK, MARITIME PROVINCES FOOTNOTE: New Brunswick was a British possession in eastern Canada. At one time part of Nova Scotia, but became a separate Province in By the British North American Act of 1867 New Brunswick joined the Canadian Confederation. DESIGNER: Leonard C. Wyon TYPE I: H under bust REFERENCE: Y-3, CA23, KM-3 POPULATION: Newfoundland ,335 with capital St.John s with 31,142 inhabitants. ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SMALL SILVER COINS - CANADA - PAGE 72

13 BIRMINGHAM MINT 10 CENTS 18MM.925 FINE GRAMS ,000 OV: Laureate head of Victoria, facing left VICTORIA D:G:REG: (Victoria Dei Gratia Regina = Victoria by the grace of God Queen) above, NEWFOUNDLAND below. RV: 10 / CENTS / DATE/ H (mintmark) within inner circle of pearls, arabesque border. MINT: H = R. Heaton & Sons, BIRMINGHAM, Ltd. DESIGNER: Leonard C. Wyon TYPE II : H under date REFERENCE: Y-3, CA23, KM-3 FOOTNOTE: Newfoundland, named by its discoverer, John Cabot, in 1497, first applied to all the territory discovered by him, but afterward restricted to the island to which it is now applied. The first English colony was platted in A struggle for supremacy took place between the English and the French; but in 1713 Newfoundland and its dependencies were declared, by the Treaty of Utrecht, to belong wholly to Great Britain, the French reserving a right to fish and cure on certain parts of the coast. Responsible government was granted in For many years the colony declined to join the Canadian Confederation. Cabinet Cyclopaedia, H -10 CENTS - REVERSE FOOTNOTE: In 1855 Newfoundland became one of the self-governing Dominions of the British Empire, consisting of a large island in the North Atlantic and the Island of Labrador to the north. In 1949 Newfoundland became the tenth Province of Canada. BIRMINGHAM MINT 10 CENTS 18MM.925 FINE GRAMS ,000 OV: Head of Edward VII, facing right EDWARDVS VII D.G.REX IMPERATOR (Edward VII Dei Gratia Rex Imperator = Edward VII by the grace of God King Emperor) around, DES. under bust. RV: 10 / CENTS / 1904 /. (large dot) / H (mintmark) within circle with design below, NEWFOUNDLAND above. MINT: H = The Mint, BIRMINGHAM, Ltd. DESIGNER: (obv) DES. = George William DeSaulles (rev) = W.H.J.Blakemore REFERENCE: Y-9, CA28, KM-8 POPULATION: Newfoundland ,652 FOOTNOTE: The currency of Newfoundland is dollars reckoned at 4 shillings in 1891.Cabinet Cyclopaedia, H -10 CENTS - OBVERSE QUEEN VICTORIA FOOTNOTE: Currency of Newfoundland cents = 1 dollar ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SMALL SILVER COINS - CANADA - PAGE 73

14 CENTS - OBVERSE QUEEN VICTORIA LONDON MINT 10 CENTS 18MM.925 FINE GRAMS , , , , , , , , ,000 OV: Laureate head of Victoria, facing left VICTORIA D:G:REG: (Victoria Dei Gratia Regina = Victoria by the grace of God Queen) above, NEWFOUNDLAND below. RV: 10 / CENTS / DATE within inner circle of pearls, arabesque border CENTS - REVERSE ROYAL MINT, LONDON LONDON MINT 10 CENTS 18MM.925 FINE GRAMS ,000 OV: Head of Edward VII, facing right EDWARDVS VII D.G.REX IMPERATOR (Edward VII Dei Gratia Rex Imperator = Edward VII by the grace of God King Emperor) around, DES. under bust. RV: 10 / CENTS / 1903 / (large dot) within circle with design below, NEWFOUNDLAND above. MINT: (no mintmark) = Royal Mint, LONDON DESIGNER: (obv) DES. = George William DeSaulles (rev) = W.H.J.Blakemore REFERENCE: Y-9, KM-8 MINT: (no mintmark) = Royal Mint, LONDON DESIGNER: Leonard C. Wyon REFERENCE: Y-3, KM-3 POPULATION: Newfoundland ,934 with capital St.John s with 25,000 inhabitants. FOOTNOTE: Harbor Grace, on the south east coast, has of late been used as a take-off base for trans-atlantic air flights. Labrador, with a population of 4,264, is the Dependency of Newfoundland. Population (1931) 281,549. ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SMALL SILVER COINS - CANADA - PAGE 74

15 FOOTNOTE: Newfoundland - By 1903 the value of the Newfoundland catch of cod fish for export was $4,450,000 while the seal fishery came to approximately $400,000 for a haul of about 275,000 seals. Other items exported included lumber valued at $15,000 and copper and iron ore with a value of $600,000 per year. The articles of import included everything else and are brought to the Newfoundland fisherman by the outpost trader. Things that are damaged, or left over, or out of date, are offered in the cabin of the outpost trading schooners. Little more than the bare necessities of life are exchanged for the catch, and for the most part the traders are an unscrupulous lot of fellows, dealing sharply with their simple customers and among themselves. They make the fisherman pay high for all that he gets; he must pay the profit of the manufacturer in England, the profit of the English wholesaler, the profit of the St.John s importer and the enormous profit (usually about 100 percent) which the trader feels compelled to charge to protect himself against bad debts and bad seasons. Moreover he must pay the duty (direct taxation of any degree or kind whatsoever, by the way, would turn the Government out of office) which by this time, so corrupt, incompetent and extravagant have former administrations been, must be nearer forty than thirty percent., with nothing in the way of public improvements to show in the outposts. Besides all this is an antiquated credit system of dealing, fruitful in hardship and dishonesty. Cash is not in circulation in the outposts; if by some happy chance an outposter lays hands on a ten cent piece he stows it away in a secret place. It is a curious fact that the out-harbor fishermen are governed wholly from the Capital, St.John s, a city of 30,000 people. All authority is seated in the general government there; there is no municipal government in the outposts, and very little of it at the Capital. Thus, since practically the only source of revenue is the customs duties, the outposts are compelled to bear the burden of the support of the Health Department, Fire Department, Police Department, Public Library and even the street-lighting plant of St.John s. The Newfoundland outposts are hardy, courageous, boldly adventurous, simple-lived, Godfearing, warm-hearted a physically splendid race of men. The fishermen mortgages his next summer s catch for an outfit of salt beef, flour, salt for curing, etc., and having once done so, he is likely to live in debt for the rest of his days. LONDON MINT 10 CENTS 18MM.925 FINE GRAMS ,000 OV: Head of George V, facing left GEORGIVS V DEI GRA: REX ET IND:IMP: (Georgivs V Dei Gratia Rex et Indae Imperator = George V by the grace of God King and Emperor of India) around, B.M. on truncation. RV: 10 / CENTS / 1912 / (large dot) within circle with design below, NEWFOUNDLAND above CENTS - OBVERSE KING GEORGE VI LONDON MINT 10 CENTS 18MM.925 FINE GRAMS , ,000 OV: Head of George VI, facing left GEORGIVS V DEI GRA. REX ET IND.IMP. (Georgivs VI Dei Gratia Rex et Indae Imperator = George VI by the grace of God King and Emperor of India) around, P M under bust. RV: 10 / CENTS / DATE / (large dot) / within circle with design below, NEWFOUNDLAND above. MINT: (no mintmark) = Royal Mint, LONDON DESIGNER: (obv) P M = Percy Metcalfe (rev) = W.H.J.Blakemore REFERENCE: Y-20, KM-20 MINT: (no mintmark) = Royal Mint, LONDON DESIGNER:(obv) B.M. = Sir Edgar Bertram MacKennal (rev) = W.H.J.Blakemore REFERENCE: Y-14, KM-14 Newfoundland emblem Fishing schooners ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SMALL SILVER COINS - CANADA - PAGE 75

16 CENTS - REVERSE 10 CENTS 18MM.925 FINE GRAMS , ,342 OV: Head of George V, facing left GEORGIVS V DEI GRA: REX ET IND:IMP: (Georgivs V Dei Gratia Rex et Indae Imperator = George V by the grace of God King and Emperor of India) around, B.M. on truncation RV: 10 / CENTS / DATE / (large dot) / C (mintmark) within circle with design below, NEWFOUNDLAND above. MINT: C = Royal Canadian Mint, OTTAWA DESIGNER:(obv) B.M. = Sir Edgar Bertram MacKennal (rev) = W.H.J.Blakemore REFERENCE: Y-14, KM-14 POPULATION: Newfoundland , CENTS - REVERSE 10 CENTS 18MM.925 FINE GRAMS , , ,706 OV: Head of George VI, facing left GEORGIVS V DEI GRA. REX ET IND.IMP. (Georgivs VI Dei Gratia Rex et Indae Imperator = George VI by the grace of God King and Emperor of India) around, P M under bust. RV: 10 / CENTS / DATE / (large dot) / C (mintmark) within circle with design below, NEWFOUNDLAND above. MINT: C = Royal Canadian Mint, OTTAWA DESIGNER: (obv) P M = Percy Metcalfe (rev) = W.H.J.Blakemore REFERENCE: Y-20, KM-20 Drying fish - Newfoundland Placentia, the old French Capital of Newfoundland ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SMALL SILVER COINS - CANADA - PAGE 76

17 CENTS - OBVERSE 10 CENTS 18MM.925 FINE GRAMS CENTS - REVERSE , , , ,988 OV: Head of George VI, facing left GEORGIVS V DEI GRA. REX ET IND.IMP. (Georgivs VI Dei Gratia Rex et Indae Imperator = George VI by the grace of God King and Emperor of India) around, P M under bust. RV: 10 / CENTS / DATE / (large dot) / C (mintmark) within circle with design below, NEWFOUNDLAND above. MINT: C = Royal Canadian Mint, OTTAWA DESIGNER: (obv) P M = Percy Metcalfe (rev) = W.H.J.Blakemore REFERENCE: Y-20a, KM-20a POPULATION: Newfoundland ,177 Arms granted to Newfoundland in 1637 ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SMALL SILVER COINS - CANADA - PAGE 77