T H E LONG-CROSS COINAGE OF HENRY III. AND E D W A R D I. (icontinued from Vol. IX.) BY L. A. LAWRENCE, F.S.A.

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1 T H E LONG-CROSS COINAGE OF HENRY III. AND E D W A R D I. (icontinued from Vol. IX.) BY L. A. LAWRENCE, F.S.A. H E matter treated in this portion of the subject relates in the most part to the lists of coins issued from the various mints, including the methods of ligations to be found chiefly on the reverses. In treating these lists it is impossible to realise completeness, owing firstly to the difficulty of comparing all the coins in my own collection with all those which could possibly be used for comparison, and secondly to the eye strain, which necessitates the use of a magnifying glass for the examination of nearly every letter. Most of the readings given are taken from my own coins and are supplemented by others supplied to me by Mr. Brooke of coins in the national collection, and by Mr. Baldwin from coins contained in the vast Brussels hoard. I am glad to thus acknowledge their assistance and I am grateful for it. Reference to the lists will be rendered more intelligible by a short description of the types as contained in the last volume of the journal. "No sceptre ' I*, obverse reading bfinricvs R6K Bust bearded with strokes. I, obverse reading R6X TNG or 7N. II, T RGI', bust is long and thin, beard formed with "(a) terci bust. (<b) round bust. (c) bust with neck III, bghrigvs R6J«III -i and usually two pellets between the curls.

7o The Long-cross Coinage of Henry III. and Edward With sceptre { IV, star mintmark, sceptre pierces legend between BfiJC and III. ~{d) round eyes, R. (b) round eyes, I*. (c) oval eyes, B.

2 7o The Long-cross Coinage of Henry III. and Edward With sceptre { IV, star mintmark, sceptre pierces legend between BfiJC and III. ~{d) round eyes, R. (b) round eyes, I*. (c) oval eyes, B. (d) new crown. V, no mintmark, sceptre (e) pearled crown. (_/") doublp rrnwn after III. the central lys. (Jt) low crown, coarse work, pellets in place of lys. (i) a caricature of the whole type. VI, a new bust with realistic curls. VII, a bust and crown treated somewhat in an Edwardian style. When a more accurate description of types is required, the reader is referred to vol. ix of the British Numismatic Journal. In the succeeding lists repetition, where not absolutely necessary, would become tedious, so much so that in many cases single words have been used in place of sentences. Thus in the early types " hair 5 pellets " or " hair 3 pellets " means that there are five pellets, or three pellets, respectively immediately under the crown, representing hair. Extra pellets were often punched in to fill the space outside the junction of the two curls at the sides of the king's head, and are briefly alluded to as "2 " In the same way other pellets are found round the outside of the bust ; which may be "4 pellets," " 6 pellets," or a whole " fringe " of little These will be found noted chiefly in connexion with V. Little curves following the outlines of the curls are also to be found and are designated "crescents." SOME CORRECTIONS. Several errors, some of omission and some of commission, have been detected in the previous article, and may be set right here.

$There are two sets of l\\c in these mints, one, the earlier, with the earlier P,, which corresponds in every way with the same type of coin as issued from the provincial mints, and one which has a$

3 Some Corrections and Additional Finds. 71 The classification in lllc might be submitted to division so far as the chief mints (those issuing sceptred coins) are concerned. There are two sets of l\\c in these mints, one, the earlier, with the earlier P,, which corresponds in every way with the same type of coin as issued from the provincial mints, and one which has a bust as shown on types IV and Va, and on which the 11 is characteristic. There do not appear to be any provincial coins of 111^ of this type, although all the moneyers striking in London, Canterbury, and St. Edmundsbury issued both types at this time. Mr. Grueber has been good enough to point out to me that in his paper on the Palmer's Green hoard he noted, from the calendar of the patent roll for , a reference to the executors of Nicholas de Sancto Albano as dealing with some of his property. This would place the death of Nicholas some two years before 1255, and although it was stated in the first part of this story that the death of Nicholas de Sancto took place before the year 1255, the statement can be reduced to more accurate terms, thanks to Mr. Grueber. We must now consider 1252 as an approximate date for the death of Nicholas de Sancto Albano. The last type to bear his name was Vc, the first ovaleyed type. This would lead us to place the date of type Vc some two years earlier than was suggested. This again would lead us to suppose that the life of type V6 was by so much the shorter. One curious question arises from this change of date for the death of Nicholas. If he died in or about 1252, what happened to his die between the time of his death and that of its transference to William de Gloucestre in ? Was it in abeyance or worked by the executors? Both men struck in the same type Vc, and there does not appear sufficient variation in their coins to account for the elapsed time. Two ADDITIONAL FINDS. Since writing the first portion of the history of this coinage two hoards of long-cross coins have been unearthed. The Steppingley find was discovered in September, 1912, and is described by Mr. G. C. Brooke and myself in the Numismatic Chronicle for 1914.

4 The Long-cross Coinage of Henry III. and Edward The contents were 498 pennies and 33 cut halfpennies, consisting of 456 pennies and 31 halves English, 15 pennies and 1 half Scottish, 12 pennies and 1 half Irish, 2 Continental pennies, and 13 pennies of the English long-cross type which bore unintelligible legends. The English part of the hoard contained 1 short-cross penny and 1 half, both at present called type V. The remaining 455 pennies and 30 halves were long-cross coins of Henry III. The Irish were also long-cross coins of the same monarch, and the Scottish, long-cross issues of the contemporary king, Alexander III. The Continental sterlings both bore the name of Bernhard III. of Lippe. With the exception of the two short-cross pieces these are the usual contents of hoards of this time. Short-cross coins were, however, present in numbers in the unpublished Brussels hoard belonging to Mr. Baldwin. The English long-cross coins presented examples of all the mints except Durham and Shrewsbury. It is difficult to account for the absence of coins of these mints ; but happily the matter is of small importance. All the types possible were present except the rare type I* and V<? with the jewelled crown. The names of all the Canterbury moneyers were present on the coins down to and including Richard l'espec, The list for London misses the names of David of Enefeld, whose coins are common and were issued during the period of the hoard, Thomas de Weseham, Robert, whose pieces are of great rarity, and Philip de Cambio, who was not appointed till In like manner St. Edmundsbury gives us Ion, Randulf le Blund and John de Burnedisse, appointed in Why there were no coins of the two moneyers, Renaud and Stephane, is not evident, as they worked between Randulf and John II. ; their coins are, however, scarce. The hoard, from these data, may have been deposited not later than 1271 and not earlier than 1267, the dates given to Richard l'espec of Canterbury. The Slype hoard, found in West Flanders. 1 There were about 2,000 pieces, of which 1,365 were available for examination. The bulk 1 Noted by Mr. G. C. Brooke in the Numismatic Chronicle, 1914.

Curious Ligation of the Letters. 73 of them were long-cross pennies of Henry III. There were 15 Scottish pennies of Alexander III. with the long double-cross, 10 Irish pennies of Henry III.

5 Curious Ligation of the Letters. 73 of them were long-cross pennies of Henry III. There were 15 Scottish pennies of Alexander III. with the long double-cross, 10 Irish pennies of Henry III. of the long-cross type, one coin with the Irish obverse and a reverse from a Newcastle die by the moneyer Adam, two blundered sterlings, probably of Bernhard of Lippe, and lastly a contemporary forgery of a short-cross coin. All the English mints were represented, and all the types except I #, and VI and VII. The date of the hoard precludes these late types. All the London moneyers except Robert, Thomas and Philip were present. Ambroci and Ricard were absent at Canterbury and John de Burnedisse at St. Edmundsbury. The date of the hoard would therefore be from 1247, the date of I, to 1260 or thereabouts. Renaud of St. Edmundsbury, whose coin was present, got his appointment in 1257, and we must allow a little time for the coins to be issued, hoarded and buried. LIGATION OF THE LETTERS. An examination of the lists will show in many instances the extreme care with which ligation of the letters has been substituted for the usual form. We do not at present know whether the system was a collection of privy marks, and if not, what significance is to be placed on it. On the obverses of all the ordinary types the H and R of the king's name almost invariably appear as HR. When we come to type VII the letters ligated are 8 and N, as TH. The name of Henry as a moneyer is always written btn. E and R in the name of Ricard are always conjoined JR. Numerous examples of this sort can be found in the list. On the other hand the word OH, when the letters occur in the same quarter, sometimes appears as OH, but perhaps more often as 04. The same is the case with ROB of Robert's name, which sometimes is ligated as R(B. All this could not have been done simply to save trouble or space, but one fails to understand what good purpose it could have served. The letter B in the following lists indicates that the coin to which it refers is in the possession of Mr. Baldwin.

6 he Long-cross Coinage of Henry III. and Edward LONDON. The premier mint of the kingdom gives us perhaps the best view of the loner-cross coinage. It is to the mint of London that we must o o attribute the coins of I #, although they bear no mint name. There is but little difficulty in assigning them to the moneyer Nicholas de Sancto Albano, as he was in charge of the London and Canterbury mints at the close of the short-cross coinage in 1247, and only his name appears on II of the long-cross coins and on mules of this and I. The table of types 1 gives us the names of the various London moneyers and their dates so far as ascertained. These were obtained from the calendars of the patent and close rolls, and will be found with their references in Mr. Earle Fox's appendix when it is completed. It is unfortunate that the appendix to John of Oxenede's chronicle does not give us any of the names of the moneyers of London, Canterbury, St. Edmundsbury, or Durham. A short reference to all these will be found in vol. IX of the British Numismatic Journal. All the types except VI are known of the London mint, and this type probably only awaits discovery. struck by Renaud. It should, I think, have been There are a few curious variants among the London coins. The first coin mentioned in I reads III instead of 7N ; but this is easily accounted for because the next coin, which reads 7H, has been copied for its production and the engraver has forgotten to put in the bar of the 7J and the bar of the N. The normal reverse of the coin shows that it is not a contemporary forgery, and the correctness of the weight and the fineness of the metal point in the same direction. was found in the Slype hoard and is now in the national collection. Henri. In IIIb there is also a very peculiar coin by the moneyer In this piece the king is given a long and well-made beard, quite different from any representation I know. It The mules between \ T d and Vc and Vf are very difficult to distinguish, as there is only the slight difference in the thickness of the letters as a guide. There is not the difference in the spelling of the mint name such as we get in Canterbury. 1 See Vol. IX, p. 179, and p. 93, post, where the table is reprinted.

7 Coins of the n Mint. 75 LONDON. I*. benrigvs!rex 5 pellets, repre- 7NG/Lie/T4R/GI r an extra pellet senting hair. in each group of three. benrigvslrex 5 pellets hair, HNG/Lie/TeR/GF extra 2 pellets between the curls. B. /. benrigvs R6X-7M I* Lie/Tav/Gr./LON an extra bust. pellet in each group of three. Rex TUG >J Lie/T R/GI r./lon no extra bust. ReX'THG hair as 5 Lie/TeR/GF./LVN Rex TUG»» Lie/TSVGI'./LON 'ReX TNG tt» Lie/TeR/GI r./lon extra»rex«7hg» 3 Lie/Ta^/GI'./LVH ReX'THG )) }) Lie/TaVGI'./LON no extra.r6x.7hg })» Lie/T«%/GF./LON Mules between I* and I. benrigvsjrex I*. Lie/TffV/GI'/LON I. B. ReX-TNG THC/Lie/TO*/ 01 '' I*. B. II. -ReX TffVGI'. hair as HIG/0L6/0NL/VND 5 R6X T RGI' NIG/OLe/OHL/VND 5 Rex T RGI r 3 pellets HIG/OLe/ONL/VND only.

The Long-cross Coinage of Henry I. and Edward II contd. Rex T6... 3 pellets NIG/OLe/ONL/VhD only. R.. T6RGI' NIG/OLe/ONi/VhD extra R6«X T6RGI' a very WIL/L6M/ONL/VN3 1 rough bust.

8 The Long-cross Coinage of Henry I. and Edward II contd. Rex T pellets NIG/OLe/ONL/VhD only. R.. T6RGI' NIG/OLe/ONi/VhD extra R6«X T6RGI' a very WIL/L6M/ONL/VN3 1 rough bust. Mules between I and II. R6X III the bust and crown of curious rough work, the lettering from short-cross irons. R6X TNG hair as 5 pellets, an extra pellet between the curls, I. ReX'THG 5 pellets, I. Rex TNG 5 pellets as hair, and extra pellets between the curls, I. behriavs ReXMIF Rex:nr Rex-Hi' Rex-iii' Rex Hi' RexMir Ilia. Illb. NIG/OLe/ONL/VND normal letters. British Museum, from the Slype find. NIG/OLe/ONL/VND an extra pellet in each quarter, II. NIG/OLe/ONL/VND II. NIG/OLe/ONe/LVN an extra pellet in each quarter, II. NIG/OLe/ONL/VND NIG/OLe/ONL/VND NIG/OLe/ONL/VhD NIG/OLe/OhL/VND NIG/OLe/ONL/VND b N/RIO/NLV/hOe Refill' Rex III' ReX'III' ReX'III' ReJC'IIF long beard. Rex-Ill' a bust with NIG/OLe/O^L/VhD NIG/0L6/04L/VhD bes/rio/nlv/hoe be-l/rio/nlv/nd besi/rio/nlv/hde the only example I have met with. WIL/LeM/LVN/DOl of doubtful origin. 1 This coin is made from different irons and has an ugly appearance, weight full, metal fine.

Coins of the n Mint. 77 I lie. Rexriir between curls. Refill' ben%igvs RejcniF between curls. Rescill' Rescill' bemiovs Rex:ur as on IV. Rex:iII' Rex:iII' Rex:iiF bemigvs aex IIF Rex:iiF as on IV.

9 Coins of the n Mint. 77 I lie. Rexriir between curls. Refill' ben%igvs RejcniF between curls. Rescill' Rescill' bemiovs Rex:ur as on IV. Rex:iII' Rex:iII' Rex:iiF bemigvs aex IIF Rex:iiF as on IV. Rex:ur as on IV. no pellets NIG/0L6/CHL/VK) with pellets NIG/OLe/(NL/VN3 NIG/OLB/OlL/VhQ NIG/OLe/ONL/VhO NIG/OLe/ONL/VNa bust HIG/OLe/CML/VhD the new R first appears, no be-i/rio/nlv/hde besi/rio/nlv/hoe bei/rio/nlv/nd no DHV/I(H/LVN/De4 pellets, bust OHV/ION/LVN/DeN new R. D7IV/I-(H/LVN/DeN Rex:IIF RIG/JRD/CNL/VNO new R on reverse. COINS WITH SCEPTRE. IV. Rex:iII' Rexriir NIG/OLe/ONL/VK) Rex:nr bemicvs Rex.'iir crown, bemigvs Rexnir Rex:ui' lys crown. bemigvs iiexrnr NIG/OLe/CNL/VHC) R as on last coin. pellets, a crown with the end pellets replaced by half fleurs de lys. pellets, a lys-formed pellets, pellets, a be4/rio/nlv/hoe bcn/rio/nlv/hde DHV/IOH/LW/D&4 D7IV/ION/LVN/D64 lys crown, RIG/TRD/CNL/VhO B. B. B. B.

The Long-cross Coinage of Henry. and Edward. benligvs'rbx IIP benugvs R6X III'.R6X III' bemicvs Rex ni' behrigvs nex iii' behriavs'rex iii' bemigvs Rex iii' Rex III' -ReX III' Rex III' crescents. Va.

10 The Long-cross Coinage of Henry. and Edward. benligvs'rbx IIP benugvs R6X III'.R6X III' bemicvs Rex ni' behrigvs nex iii' behriavs'rex iii' bemigvs Rex iii' Rex III' -ReX III' Rex III' crescents. Va. NIG/OLe/OlL/VhO NIG/OLe/ONL/VhD be^/rio/nlv/hde bes/rio/hlv/hoe bes/rio/nlv/hde DHV/I04/LVN/D64 DflV/ION/LVI/DeS DflV/I'Ol/LVl/DeHI RIG/7RD/04L/VhD RIG/7RD/OTL/VhD H6X III' crescents. Rex III' variety, with a low crown, crescents. ben',igvs Hex III crescents. benmgvs Hex nr. no marks. bewigvs Hex ill'.»» bewigvs Hex iii' crescents. bewigvs Hex HI no marks. bewigvs Hex iii' crescents. ben'igvs Hex iii'» Vb. NIG/0Le/04L/VhD NIG/OLe/OqL/VhD bes/hio/nlv/hde be</hio/nlv/hde behi/hio/nlv/hio DflV/I04/LVN/D6N DflV/ION/O-lL/VhD HIG/JRD/ONL/VhD RIG/JRD/OTL/VN3 bereigvs Hex lie crescents. bewigvs Hex Hi'» bewigvs Hex iii' >> bemigvs ne i iii' bewmvs Hex iii'» bensigvs Hex iii' variety, pellet between the curls. H6X III' crescents. behtticvs Hex iii' behtticvs Hex iii'. Hex III', pellets between curls, crescents below lower curls. Hex III', crescents. bbn'igvs Hex III' Vc. NIG/OLe/O-lL/VhO be4/hio/nlv/hoe be^/hio/onl/vhd be~i/hio/nlv/de4 be-i/rio/hlv/des :be/nhi/onl/vnd, very peculiar style on the reverse. DflV/ION/LVN/De4 DflV/KN/LVN/D&< DJi//I04/LV-4/D'e DflV/I0N/LVN/D64 HIG/JRD/ONL/VhD HIG/JRD/OiL/VhD

Coins of the n Mint. 79 bfi'hbigvs B6X III' behbiavs Bex behbiavs Bex on Vg. behbigvs Bex behbigvs Bex Vc contd. crescents. III'. Ill pellets, as III' crescents. Ill' betbigvs Bex III'.

11 Coins of the n Mint. 79 bfi'hbigvs B6X III' behbiavs Bex behbiavs Bex on Vg. behbigvs Bex behbigvs Bex Vc contd. crescents. III'. Ill pellets, as III' crescents. Ill' betbigvs Bex III'. ben'igvs Bex III'. bereiavs Bex Ill' behbigvs Bex III' bereigvs Bex III' no marks. behbigvs Bex Ill' crescents. bewigvs Bex Ill' ben'igvs Bex III' pellets between the curl!s, crescents around. BIG/JBD/CNL/VhD very work on both sides, 23 i grs. BIG/JBD/(NL/VhO BIG/ BIO/e^L/(NV WIL/LeW/ONL/VHD WIL/L6V1/CML/VN3 wil/levi/wl/voe ION/OH/LVN/D6M IOb'/S(N/LVN/D N IOb'/S:(H/LiVN/OeN IOb'/S(N/LVN/D N WJL/TeB/ONL/VhO WJL/TCH/LVN/D N WHi/TS^/ONL/VK) coarse weight Vd. benrigvs Rex III' ben/rio/nlv/k)e B. benrigvs Rex III' :Dfl/VID/ONL/VND B. benrigvs Rex III' RIG/JRD'/ONLi/VhO bbnrigvs ReX III' RIG/JRD/ONL/VhD bgnrigvs R6X III' WIL/LeM/ONL/VNJ B. benrigvs Rex III' WHi/TeR/ONL/VhD B. benrigvs R6X III' IOb/SON/LVN/DeN B. Mules between Vc and Vd. Some of the coins shown in the last class may possibly belong to Vc as regards the reverse, and thus be mules. Where the N is normally barred and there is no R in the legend, the letters resemble those of W. Rex III' no marks, Vc. benrigvs Rex III' Vd. beh/rio/hl/vho DflV/ION/LVN/DeSI Vd. Vc.

o The Long-cross Coinage of Henry. and Edward. Ve. b6hrigvs Rex III :Ofl/VID/ONL/VND B. benrigvs Rex III WIL/LeW/ONL/VhO B. benrigvs Rex III ION/ONL/VhD/eN' B benrigvs Rex III IOb r /SCN/LVN/De4 B.

12 o The Long-cross Coinage of Henry. and Edward. Ve. b6hrigvs Rex III :Ofl/VID/ONL/VND B. benrigvs Rex III WIL/LeW/ONL/VhO B. benrigvs Rex III ION/ONL/VhD/eN' B benrigvs Rex III IOb r /SCN/LVN/De4 B. benrigvs Rex III WJL/TQL/ONL/VhO B. benrigvs R6X III RIG/JRD/ONL/VND B. Several of the above coins seem to have been struck from the same obverse die. The last coin on the list I have not seen, but Mr. Baldwin gave me the readings. The coins by Willem and Walter certainly bear Vc letters on the reverses. Vf. ;h,ehrigvs R6X IIP. 4 large pellets round curls. many small IiehRIGVS Rex nr. pellets round bust. t^ehrigvs Rex III R fringe of pellets, as before. ftehrigvs Rex IIP ftehrigvs Rex IIP«4 large ItehRIGVS Rex IIP fringe of ftehriovs Rex IIP irehrigvs Rex IIP. rtehriavs Rex IIP. ftemigvs Rex IIP ftehriavs Rex IIP. it,ehrigvs Rexjnp. h,ehrigvs Rexjnp. fteni/rio/nlv/hoe h>e4/rio/nlv/oehi DHV/ION/LVN/ae4 DflV/i;0N/LVN/364 RIG/JRO/ONL/VN3 RIG/JRD/ONL/VhD RIG/JRD/ONi/VhD WIL/LeM/ONL/VhO lettering of Vd, possible mule. WIL/Levi/ONL/VhD WIL/LeM/ONL/VhD WIL/Le^/ONL/VhO WIL/Levi/ONL/VhD same obverse die as next coin. IOft/SON/LVN/DeHI same obverse die as last.

$M.eN\IGVS Rex III'. h,etrigvs Rex nr. irehrigvs Rex nr. it>ehrigvs Rex in n,eniigvs Rex in lettering of Vd. ft,ehrigvs Rex iir rtenr.igvs Rex n,enucvs Rex neniigvs Rex in nr.$

13 Coins of the n Mint. 81 Vf- contd. n-ehrigvs Rex foehriovs Rex irehrigvs Rex it>ehrigvs Rex nr. nr. nr iii' fringe of IOhZ/SON/LVN/Dei 4 I0h>/S0N/LVN/I3e4 WJL/TeR/ONL/VK) fringe of WHi/TeR/ONL/VK) Vg. M.eN\IGVS Rex III'. h,etrigvs Rex nr. irehrigvs Rex nr. it>ehrigvs Rex in n,eniigvs Rex in lettering of Vd. ft,ehrigvs Rex iir rtenr.igvs Rex n,enucvs Rex neniigvs Rex in nr. nr nehricvs Rex nr ftehrigvs Rex III' fringe of fte4/ri0/nlv/hde 4 H,eSI/RI0/HLV/K3e h>6s/ri0/(nl/vk> fringe. h,e^rio/lvn/den 2 pellets only, RIG/JRD/CNL/VK) same letters. fringe. RIG/JRD/ONL/VhO again letters of Vd RIG/JRO/ONL/VN3 4 RIG/lRD/CNL/VhD fringe. RIG/JRO/(NL/VK> WIL/Li M/(NL/VN3 WIL/L6V1/0NL/VK) itetrigvs Rex h,6n\igvs Rex I^ehRIGVS Rex ItehRIGVS Rex ftemigvs Rex n>ehrigvs Rex I Rex nr. iir iii' nr nr. iir, nr 4 I0IV/SCN/LVN/D6SI fringe. WJL/T01/CNL/VNO WJL/T6R/0NL/VhD WJL/T6R/CNL/VK) 4 WflL/TeR/ONL/VN3 WJL/T6R.I/0NL/VK) fringe. WJL/T6RI/OIL/VK3 foehrigvs Rex III Th,0/MflS/(NL/VhD itemigvs Rex nr h,emigvs Rex nr. ^EHLIGVS Rex nr VOL. X. ROIJ/6RT»/(NL//VK> R64/flVD/(NL/VH3 ReS/JUVD/ONL/VhD G

The Long-cross Coinage of Henry I and Edward IrehRIGVS R6X III'. fringe. RTN/flVO/(NL/VhD ftehrigvs Rex nr. fringe,.'.as Re4/flVD/CNL/VhO crown ornament. Vh. VI. None known of London.

14 The Long-cross Coinage of Henry I and Edward IrehRIGVS R6X III'. fringe. RTN/flVO/(NL/VhD ftehrigvs Rex nr. fringe,.'.as Re4/flVD/CNL/VhO crown ornament. Vh. VI. None known of London. fteririavs Rex nr ftenriavs Rex in ftemigvs Rex nr h-eiriovs Rex nr it>64rigvs Rex:nr ft»rigvs Rex nr VII. R&4/SLJD/(HLi/VH3 PH,e/LIP/0Ni/UN3 PIT>e/LIP./OHU/UK) PIt>e/LIP:/ONi/UN3 PIt>e/LIP./ONi/UK> PH>E/LIP/OHU/UH3 CANTERBURY. This mint, second in importance only to London in the supply of money for the kingdom, opens with I. The two moneyers in II were both at work in short-cross times, namely, Nicholas de Sancto Albano and a William, possibly William Hardel, who was then associated with the former. All the types, except the two late es, VI and VII, are known of this mint. I. Rex TNG under crown. behricvs RexTNG under crown. 5 pellets, Lie/TeR/Gi:/G?N Lie/T R/Gr:/GZN II. Rex TeftGr Rex TCRGI r Rex T RGI Rex TCRGr Rex T6RGI Rex TtRGI' GIL/Ii R/TON/G7N GIL/IITR/TON/GHN GIL/BTR/TON/GTN NIG OLG ONG TNT BLIO/ING/ONG/TNT bad work, reversed letters. WIL/LeN/ONG/TINT

Coins of the Canterbury Mint. 83 Mules between I and II. R8X?NG 5 pellets under crown, beard composed in part of strokes. R6K TNG 5 pellets under crown, beard composed in part of strokes.

15 Coins of the Canterbury Mint. 83 Mules between I and II. R8X?NG 5 pellets under crown, beard composed in part of strokes. R6K TNG 5 pellets under crown, beard composed in part of strokes. ReX-7W 5 pellets under crown, beard composed in part of strokes. NiG/0Le/0Ne/a7N NIG/OLe/ONe/G'TH NIG/OLe/ONe/GTH an extra pellet in each quarter. Ilia. ReX'iir Rex.iir Rex.ni' Rex.Ill' GIL/B6R/T0N/GHN GIL/B R/TON/GHH NIG/OLG/OHG/7NT WIL/LeW/CHG/THT I I lb. Rexwii' Rex iii' Rexwii' Rexwii' Rex*iii' Rex.iii'. Rexrui' Rex 111 Rex-ni' GIL/Ii R/TCH/G7H GIL/IieR/TOL/GJH HIG/OLe/ONG/JNT NIG/OLe/(MG/7NT NIG/OLe/ON/G7H HIG/0Le/0N/Q7H NIG/OLe/(NG/TNT NIG/OLe/(HG/7NT WIL/L M/(HG/7HT I lie. Rex:ni' RexriII beniigvs Rex.iii Rex:iII' ReX'III' Rexrni' Illb. Rex:ni' bust of GIL/B R/T0N/G7N GIL/BH%/TCH/G7H GIL/B6R/T(H/GTH HIG/0Le/(HG/7HT NIG/OLe/tNG/mT WIL/Le^l/CHG/SHT WIL/LBvl/CHG/THT IV. Rex:ni' between the curls. pellet NIG/OL6/CHG/7HT G 2

The Long-cross Coinage of Henry. and Edward. IV contd. ReXHIP tween the curls. ReJCIIP behriavs Rex:iiP a pellet be no GIL/Ii01/TON/G7N B. WIL/LBM/CNG/TNT shape of H? ION/ON/G7N/T01 B.

16 The Long-cross Coinage of Henry. and Edward. IV contd. ReXHIP tween the curls. ReJCIIP behriavs Rex:iiP a pellet be no GIL/Ii01/TON/G7N B. WIL/LBM/CNG/TNT shape of H? ION/ON/G7N/T01 B. COINS WITH SCEPTRE IN THE ORDINARY POSITION. Va. Rex IIP crescents. GIL/IiHl/CNG/JHT Rex III Rex IIP Rex IIP. Rex III Rex III Rex III Rex IIP Rex IIP Rex III crescents GIL/Ii R/T(N/GJN ICN/0N/GJH/T6R ION/ONG/JHT/eR I0b r S'CH GJN TH'. NIO/OLe/fNG/JHT NIG/OLe/(HG/JMT WIL/LeW/CNG/JWT WIL/Levi/fHG/JHT GIL/Levi/CNG/JHT B. B. B. B Vb. Bex IIP Rex III Rex IIP Rex IIP. between the curls. Rex III Rex III Rex III Rex IIP. Rex IIP. Rex IIP. Rex IIP. crescents. J> plain. a pellet crescents. crescents.» plain. crescents. GIL/IiHVTCM/GJH GIL Leu a?t,og.h GIL LHi '/OOJi GIL/UaVT:CN/GJW : after T. GIL/BSTT/CNG/JHT ION/ON/GJN/Te?' dot at end of tail of R. ICN/GJl/NT/a? flourish at end of tail of R. ION/OH/G3 c N/TeR IOb r /S(H/GJ?/NTe HIG/OLe/CNG/JHT JNT fl with two bars. WIL/Le^l/CHG/CHT

Coins of the Canterbury Mint. 85 Vc. bemigvs iir crescents. GIL/BST/TCN/GJN bfinmgvs Bex III' plain. GIL/BeB/TCN/GJN beroigvs «ex iii' crescents. ION/ON/GJN/TS? long tail to B.

17 Coins of the Canterbury Mint. 85 Vc. bemigvs iir crescents. GIL/BST/TCN/GJN bfinmgvs Bex III' plain. GIL/BeB/TCN/GJN beroigvs «ex iii' crescents. ION/ON/GJN/TS? long tail to B. behbigvs Bex III' a pellet ION/ON/GJH/TeB between the curls. behbigvs Bex III' plain. ION/(N/GJH/TST behbigvs Bex III'. pellets in I0N/0N/GJN/T6B place of crescents. behbigvs Bex III' j)» KN/ON/GJi/NT B. place of crescents. b6n?igvs Bex III'. crescents. IOb/SCN/GJH/T6B behbigvs Bex III' plain. mg/0l6/(ng/jht behbigvs Bex III crescents. NIG/OLe/OLe/flNT behbigvs Bex nr. >) WIL Levi (NG ifht behbigvs Bex III'. a pellet WIL LW'I 04G fht between the curls. benbigvs Bex III'. crescents. BCB/eBT/OHG/JNT H with two bars. behbigvs Bex III'. pellets in B0B/fl*T/O4G/JNT place of crescents. benbigvs Bex III'. t) J> BOJ/a^T/fNG/JHT place of crescents. behbigvs Bex III' plain. BOB/BRD/OIG/JNT behbigvs Bex III'. crescents. BOB SJT ON G.fN behbigvs Bex. crescents, WJL/TSY/04G/JNT crown ornament, three stalked pellets, thus Tj. Vd. The coins in this class are very different in workmanship from any of the preceding. Apparently a completely new set of irons was used in their manufacture. The later irons are distinctly broader than those used previously, and the ends of the straight letters show some slight incurving instead of being square. The mint name should read ftfln ; in other words, coins reading GflN would from their workmanship belong to Vc, so that all coins with the new obverse and retaining the old reading GflN on the

The Long-cross Coinage of Henry III. and Edward reverse must be considered as mules. The list of these following after the true coins of Vd will show the large extent of muling which was adopted.

18 The Long-cross Coinage of Henry III. and Edward reverse must be considered as mules. The list of these following after the true coins of Vd will show the large extent of muling which was adopted. benrigvs Rex III'. bghrigvs R6X III behrigvs Rex III' benrigvs Re XIII Rex III' benrigvs Rex III' Rex III'. behrigvs Rex III Rex III' behrigvs Rex III' lo/bo/hft/flh HIO/bOL/eOH/ftJM HIG/bOL/e(N/ftJN HIG/bOL/eON/GJN HIG/bOL/e(N/MJN HIG/bOL/eOH/ftJH WJIL/TeR/Oin/flH WflL/TflR/OHl/flH WIL/LeM/Om/JIH WIL/LeM/Om/JJH benrigvs R6. WIL/LeM/eOH/Kfl double struck. bthrigvs'rex III'. note pellet WIL/L6-I/eOH/ft3FM Mules of es Vc and Vd. behrigvs Rex iii' Vd. GIL/BeR/TON/GJN Vc. behrigvs Rex iii' Vd. ION/ON/GJW/T6R Vc. behrigvs Rex iii' Vd. IOb/SON/GJN/TS\ letters used on Vf. B. Rex in crescents and lob/onu/^/jn a fleur de lys pellets Vc. after ft, Vd. Rex nr. crescents, Vc. NIG/bOL/eON/ftJN Vd. Rex III a J) ROcI/CRD/OhR/JiN Vd. benrigvs Rex iii' Vd. ROB/eRT'/ONG/JWT Vc. Rex nr. crescents, Vc. WHi/TeR/OhR/flN Vd. Rex III»» WIL/beM/GON/nJH benrigvs Rex III Vd. WIL/LeM/ONG/JNT Ve. The same type of coin as Vd. The same letter irons. Rex III', pearled NIG/OIie/CNG/flSIT B. crown on old bust. Rex III' ROB/CRT'/OHG/J-NT B. Rex-III' Wflli/TeR/ONG/JNT

$ftbnrigvs Rex IIP GIL/BER/TTN/OJN ftenrigvs R6K IIP IOh//S(N/GJW/TeR h>en\igvs Rex IIP NIG/0L6/0NG/JNT lt>6nugvs Rex IIP.$

19 Coins of the Canterbury Mint. 87 Variety. bemiavs : Rex iir pearled HIG/bOL/eOH/RJW crown, HUN lettering. / Vf. ftbnrigvs Rex IIP GIL/BER/TTN/OJN ftenrigvs R6K IIP IOh//S(N/GJW/TeR h>en\igvs Rex IIP NIG/0L6/0NG/JNT lt>6nugvs Rex IIP. NIG/OLe/(NG/JNT ftenligvs > Rex ; IIP NIG/OLe/(NG/JNT ftemicvs Rex IIP WIL/L6V1/CNG/JNT II.6N\IGVS Rex IIP. 6 pellets WIL/LeM/ONG/JNT ftehrigvs Rex IIP.»» WIL Le^l/ONG int ireniigvs Rex ROB/eRT/ONG/JNT htesricvs Rex IIP. ROIJ/eRT/(NG/JNT ftemigvs Rex IIP WflL/TeR/(NG/JNT Vg. n,ehrigvs Rex IIP. GIL/BCR/OHG/JNT no moneyer's name. IteNlIGVS Rex IIP. GIL/BeR/TCN/GJN rtehrigvs Rex IIP. no s u r- GIL/BeR/T(N/GJN rounding h>en\igvs Rex IIP ION/ON/GJN/Te. ftemigvs Rex in ION/ON'./GJN/TeR rt>en\igvs Rex IIP. loft/son/gjn/tsl lt>6n\igvs Rex IIP loiv/sfn/gjn/ter ItehRIGVS Rex IIP 4 pellets IOfb/JNe/S(N/GJN only. n>en\iavs Rex IIP IOIt>/JNe/SCN/GJNT ftenligvs Rex IIP. NIG/OLe/CNG/JNT ftenligvs IIP. Rex NIG/OLe/OtiG/JNT ftemigvs Rex IIP. WIL/L6vi/(NG/JNT ftehrigvs Rex IIP. 6» WIL/L6V]/(NG/JNT only. ftehrigvs Rex IIP. 3» WIL/6M/CNG/JNT only. irehrigvs Rex up. no WIL/LCM/CNG/JNT irehrigvs Rex IIP. R0B/6RT/(NG/JNT HfihRIGVS Rex IIP. 4 pellets ROB/eRT/CNG/JNT

20 The Long-cross Coinage of Henry III. and Edward Vg contd. rtemiovs Rex in only. netricvs Rex nr. tt,ehrigvs Rex in itehrigvs Rex nr nr- h>ennigvs Rex irehrigvs Rex only. itehriovs Rex only. nr nr. 4 pellets ROB/eRT/ONG/JNT ROB/ RT/CHG/JHT ROB/6RT«/CHG/JNT after T. WJL/Te«R/(NG/JHT after 6. WJL/T6R/CMG/JNT 4 pellets WJL/T6R/CNG/JNT WJL/T RI/(NG/JNT pellet foemicvs Rex nr. it>6n\iovs Rex nr. itehrigvs Rex nr. itehrigvs Rex in it>emigvs Rex nr it,en\igvs Rex ftemicvs Rex h,eniigvs Rex i^ehrigvs Rex nr. nr. nr nr. n,ehrigvs Rex in ftemicvs Rex in JILe/INO/HG/JNT JILe/eiN/CHG/JHT MUG IIW. I (HO I HAT JILe/INO/HG3R/NTe J?LE/IN./(HG/JHT pellet after IH. JLe/INO/NGJI/JNT JLe/IHO/N:G/J«T 3 pellets after N. JLe/INO/NG/JNT JMIi/ROG/I.tH/GJN pellet after I. JMB/ROG/i:(H/G.N 2 pellets after I. JMB/ROG/IjCN/GJN 3 after I. Vh. h>en\igvs Rex nr h>en\igvs Rex nr ftehrigvs Rex III'. ornament over crown, three pellets n>enligvs Rex III no pellets, same crown WJL/TeR/OMJ/JNT flle/ih/ «/JH T RIG/JRD/CHG/JHT RIG/JRD/CNG/JNT

Coins of the Bury St. Edmunds Mint. 89 VI. No coins known. VII. No coins known. BURY ST. EDMUNDS. The mint of Bury was the third important establishment for the manufacture of currency.

21 Coins of the Bury St. Edmunds Mint. 89 VI. No coins known. VII. No coins known. BURY ST. EDMUNDS. The mint of Bury was the third important establishment for the manufacture of currency. From a numismatic point of view, however, it is the most important, as it cannot be too often impressed on the reader that only one moneyer and one die were allowed to this mint at a time, and the moneyer had to return his old die before the new die was delivered to him. It follows that if we could place all the different dies in their correct order we should have a complete sequence of types. This, however, is impossible as regards dies, but much has been done towards completing the sequence of moneyers. The mint opens with I, and II was struck by Ion (John), whose name also appears on short-cross coins of a late type. All classes of coins are known of Bury except Ve. Rex TNG I. Lie/Ta^/Gi/Heo B. II..ReX T RGI' hair 5 ION/OHS/eDM/VND Rex TCRGI' j> 3 ION/ONS/eDM/VNO Rex TS^GI' 3 ION/ONS/eiN/TeO R6X.III' Rex.Ill' Ilia. ION/ONS'/eDM/.. IOH/CHS'/aJM/VhD Rex.Ill' Rex:ur Illb. IOH/CMS'/6Dr*l/VhD KN/(NS'/eDM/VHD

22 The Long-cross Coinage of Henry III. and Edward IIIc. beraigvs IV. Rexnip ReXHIP Rexinr bust as on ION/OHS/a3M/VhO ION/OIS'/eDM/VhD I(N/(NS'/e»M/VhO IV. behriovs ReXHIP no pellets ION/ONS/eDM/VND between curls. Va. Rex IIF. no marks. Rex IIP crescents. Rex IIP. Rex IIP Rex IIP bemiavs RexHP Rex IIP no marks. ION/CHS'/etM/VNJ 10N/(NS r /eam/vhd ICN/(NS r /6EM/VhD ION/CNS'/eUM/VhD ION/(H.S'/eiN/TeD ion/(hs'/ein/ed ICH/CH./..T/eO, the missing letters are probably S 6N. Vb. Rex IIP crescents. RJW/DVL/FCN/S'eD R6X IIP RJH/aVL/F.CH/S r ed Vc. Rex IIP crescents. RJH/DVL/FJCN/S'eD Rs. behriovs Rex IIP RJN/avs/FjtN/S'ea Vd. h,ehrigvs Rex IIP 2 pellets Rfl/HD/ONB/eRI between the curls. Ve. Unknown. Vf. ftehrigvs Rex III fringe of R VDVL/FON/S'ea

I Coins of the Durham Mint. 9i Vg. lt,ehriovs Rex III' fringe. Rei/flVD/CNS'/CDM n,emiavs Rex nr. STe/pi*Ji/N D/NSe (=STe PH,JME ON se). iieniiovs Rex nr. ion/ons/ein/tea rtemiavs Rex.

23 I Coins of the Durham Mint. 9i Vg. lt,ehriovs Rex III' fringe. Rei/flVD/CNS'/CDM n,emiavs Rex nr. STe/pi*Ji/N D/NSe (=STe PH,JME ON se). iieniiovs Rex nr. ion/ons/ein/tea rtemiavs Rex... i^enriavs Rex nr fringe. Vh. ioh//s:o-i/se4/ted ioiv/s:o>i/ses/t.ed Vi. n>eriavs Rex nr. loi/s.wls&il.eo very coarse work. fte^riovs Rex nr. VI. ion/ots/ein/teo n-enriovs Rex n>e4riavs Rex nr nr VII. lolb'/ons/eit/gdm I0Ge/0NS/e4T/83M DURHAM. This mint, which had been very active in the production of coins during the period from about 1208 A.D. until shortly before 1247, seems to have ceased work about that time. Messrs. Fox, in Vol. VII of our Joiirnal, show that this was probably due to trouble between the King and the then Bishop, Walter de Kirkham. The matter was finally settled in 1253, when the Bishop wa^s granted his dies. This accounts for the absence at Durham of all the earlier types. The mint opens with: Va. bemigvs Rex Iir. crescents. RIG/flU>/ON3/VRb' bewiavs Rex nr. ben'iovs Rex nr. crescents. Vb. RIG/JRD/ON>/VRb' RIG/JRO/OlD/VRb'

24 The Long-cross Coinage of Henry. and Edward. behbigvs B6X HI Vc. BIO/JBD/OhD/VBb' es Vd, Ve, Vf, Vh. No coins known. ftehriavs Rex iir Vg. ROG/eR'/oho/VRh/ VI. rte4rigvs Rex III ROB/eRD/(ND/VR r the three last letters far from clear.

TABLES OF MONEYERS AND TYPES OF THE LONG-CROSS COINAGE London, Canterbury, and the Ecclesiastical Mints. (Reprinted from Part I.) 93 Moneyers. LONDON.

25 TABLES OF MONEYERS AND TYPES OF THE LONG-CROSS COINAGE London, Canterbury, and the Ecclesiastical Mints. (Reprinted from Part I.) 93 Moneyers. LONDON. I II III IV V VI VII X a b c a b c d e / <R t> h i NIG0L X X X X X X X X 1248 f>6nri... F- * X X X X X X X X X X 1250 DflVI 1260 F X X X X X X X X 1250 RIGJJRO... F X X X X X X X X X WILL6M F * * X X X X X ION or IObS F X X X X X WflLTfiR, F X X X X X 1260 TIt)OMJ1S X R0B8RT... X R6NAVD 1278 X X X X 1278 Pft6LIP... X CANTERBURY. X NIG0L6... F X X X X X X X t t X X X X 1250 WILL8M + F X X X X X X X t t X X X 1248 GILB6RT X X X X X X X X X X X 1250 ION or IObS F" X X X X t t X X ROIifiRT F t X X X WALT8R t t X X X X JIL6IN... X X JIMBROGI X 1267 RIGflRD 1271 X ST. EDMUND'S. X ION X X X X X X 1251 BflNOVLF X X II X 1258 R6NJIVD X STeprtJiNe X 1265 ION or IOftS X X X X 1278 I0G8 X DURHAM. BIGJIBD... X X R0G6R... X R0B6RT... X F Moneyers marked F received a die on farm in Easter term * Coins of doubtful origin. f Coins reading G3RN and R3HH. J Coins of II, Ilia and Mb must belong to a William of whom we have no record. William Cokyn, sworn in 1250, should begin with IIIc, as did David and Richard of London and John of Canterbury, who were sworn in the same term. Archbishop's moneyer. RJJNO ON B6RI. N.B. A date on the left of a moneyer's name is that of his taking the oaths before the Barons of the Exchequer. A date on the right is that at which he is definitely stated to be dead or superseded.

THE LONG-CROSS COINAGE OF HENRY III. AND EDWARD I.

THE LONG-CROSS COINAGE OF HENRY III. AND EDWARD I. BY L. A. LAWRENCE, F.S.A. T is somewhat surprising that so little is to be found from the pens of the older writers concerning the coins of Henry III.