17. Heraclius ( ): the mint of Constantinople.

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1 17. Heraclius ( ): the mint of Constantinople. 40 nummi. Compared to the enormous numbers of folles, production of the fractional coinage at the mint of Constantinople appears to have been limited and sporadic and the fractions do not fit comfortably into the pattern of follis types as represented by the D. O. Classes. The folles themselves are relatively straightforward although the Class 2 and Class 3 issues require particular discussion D. O. 69b gms D. O. Class 1 (MIB 158) ( ). dnhñracli uspñrpavc (or similar). Armoured bust facing wearing crown with cross or helmet - often with cross within plume. M, regnal year to right, officina letter beneath, CON below. Regnal year 1 (610/11) * D. O. 69c, var gms D. O. 69a gms D. O. 69c gms * D. O. 69b gms

2 D. O. Class 1. (MIB 158). Regnal year 1 (610/11) gms D. O. (70b) gms Regnal year 2 (611/12) D. O. (70b) gms D. O. 70a gms D. O. (70b) gms D. O. 70c gms

3 D. O. Class 1. (MIB 158). Regnal year 3 (612/3). Regnal year 2 (611/12) D. O. 70c gms D. O. 71a gms * D. O. 70c gms gms * D. O. 70d gms D. O. 71b gms

4 D. O. Class 1. (MIB 158). Regnal year 3 (612/3). Regnal year 3 (612/3) * D. O. (71c), var gms * D. O. 71d gms * D. O. (71c), var gms D. O. 71d gms D. O. 71d gms D. O. 71d gms

5 D. O. Class 1. (MIB 158). Regnal year 3 (612/3). D. O. Class 2 (MIB ) ( ). ddnnhñracli usñthñraconstpav (nearly always incomplete). Standing figures of Heraclius and Heraclius Constantine. M, regnal year to right, officina letter beneath, CON below * D. O. 71d gms Regnal year 3 (612/3). Figures each hold a long cross. MIB uncertain regnal year D. O. 77a, MIB 159a gms gms D. O. 77a, MIB 159a gms Figures hold mappa and long cross respectively * Uncertain officina gms * D. O. -, MIB gms

6 Regnal year 3 (612/3): possible special issues. D. O. -, MIB -. Regnal year 3 (612/3). Figures hold akakia and globus cruciger respectively * Christogram above M gms D. O. 76d, MIB gms Figures hold long cross and globus cruciger respectively. Regnal year 4 (613/4). Figures each hold a globus cruciger * Christogram above M gms D. O. 79b, MIB gms a.09. Regnal year 3 (612/3). Figures each hold a globus cruciger * Christogram above M. D. O. 76c, MIB 160b gms Christogram above M. D. O. 79d, MIB 160b gms

7 Regnal year 4 (613/4). Figures each hold a globus cruciger. Regnal year 6 (615/6). Figures each hold a globus cruciger Christogram above M. D. O. 79d, MIB 160b gms b D. O. 81d, MIB gms D. O. Class 3 (MIB 161) ( ). No obverse legend; A/N/N/O to left of M Christogram above M. D. O. 79e, MIB 160b gms b Three standing figures; normally crosses in right and left upper fields. M, regnal year to right, officina letter beneath, CON below. Regnal years 6-9 ( ): Eudocia to left. Regnal year 6 (615/6). Regnal year 5 (614/5). Figures each hold a globus cruciger D. O. 89a gms * D. O. 80c, MIB 160a gms D. O. 89b gms

8 D. O. Class 3 (MIB 161) ( ). Regnal year 7 (616/7). Regnal year 6 (615/6) D. O. 89c gms D. O. 90a gms Regnal year 7 (616/7) D. O. 90a gms D. O. 90b gms D. O. 90a gms a * D. O. 90c gms

9 Regnal years 9, 10 and 11 Eudocia to right. Regnal year 9 (618/9) gms gms Regnal year 9 (618/19). Regnal year 10 (619/20) gms gms gms Regnal year 11 (620/21) D. O. (93) gms gms

10 Regnal year 13 (622/3). Year * 9.63 gms CF 1e gms The crossless and related folles of years (Eudocia to right.) No crosses in obverse fields. Crowns are anomalous and/or crossless. Type 1: Anomalous crowns with cross sometimes raised above crown or absent. Year * CF 1f gms * CF 1b gms CF 1f gms CF 1c gms

11 Type 2: Crowns on male figures are crossless; Eudocia wears a crossless spiked crown. Year 12. Year * CF 2 (no. 8) gms * CF 2 (no. 12) gms Year CF 2 (no. 10) gms CF 2 (no. 14) gms CF 2 (no. 9) gms CF 2 (no. 13) gms

12 D. O. Class 3 (MIB 161). No obverse legend; three standing figures. M, A/N/N/O to left; regnal year to right, officina letter beneath, CON below. Regnal years 10, 11, 13 and coins of uncertain date Eudocia to left gms Regnal year 10 (619/620) D. O. 92a gms Regnal year 11 (620/21) gms gms Regnal year 13 (622/3) gms gms

13 Regnal year 13 (622/3) gms * D. O. (94) gms D. O. Class 3 (MIB 161). Uncertain regnal year ( ) gms gms gms gms gms

14 Uncertain regnal year ( ). Regnal year 15 (624/5) gms D. O. 99a gms gms D. O. 99a gms Uncertain officina gms D. O. (99b) gms D. O. Class 4 (MIB 162a/b) ( ). No obverse legend; three standing figures * D. O. (99b) gms M, Heraclian monogram to left, regnal year to right, A/N/N/O above, officina letter beneath, CON below. 215

15 D. O. Class 4 (MIB 162a/b) ( ). Regnal year 16 (625/6) D. O. 100c, var gms D. O. 100c, var gms * D. O. 100c, var gms D. O. 100d gms * 5.80 gms D. O. 100c, var gms Regnal year 17 (626/7) D. O. 100c, var gms D. O. 101a gms

16 Regnal year 17 (626/7) D. O. 101a gms D. O. 101b gms * D. O. 101a gms D. O. 101c gms D. O. 101b gms D. O. 101c gms D. O. 101b gms D. O. 101d gms

17 D. O. Class 4 (MIB 162a/b) ( ). Regnal year 18 (627/8). Regnal year 17 (626/7) D. O. 101d gms D. O. (102a) gms D. O. 101d gms D. O. (102a) gms D. O. 101d gms * D. O. (102a) gms D. O. 101d gms D. O. 102b gms

18 * D. O. 102b gms gms D. O. 102b gms D. O. 102c gms D. O. 102b gms D. O. 102c gms D. O. 102b gms D. O. Class 4 (MIB 162a/b) ( ). Regnal year 19 (628/9) gms D. O. (103a) gms

19 Regnal year 19 (628/9) * D. O gms * 6.18 gms gms * 6.17 gms gms gms Uncertain regnal year ( ); MIB 162a/b * 6.99 gms gms

20 Uncertain regnal year ( ); MIB 162a/b gms gms gms gms gms gms gms gms

21 Uncertain regnal year ( ); MIB 162a/b gms gms gms gms gms * 5.94 gms gms gms

22 Uncertain regnal year ( ); MIB 162a/b. D. O. Class 5 (MIB 164 a-e) ( ). No obverse legend; two standing figures gms Heraclius, to left, wears military dress and holds a long cross; Heraclius Constantine, to right, wears a chlamys and holds a globus cruciger. M, regnal year to right, officina letter beneath, CON below. Regnal year 20 (629/630) gms * D. O. 105a, MIB 164b gms gms * D. O. 105b, MIB 164b gms Uncertain officina gms

23 D. O. Class 5 (MIB 164 a-e) ( ). Regnal year 20 (629/630) * D. O. 105c, MIB 164b gms * D. O. 106a, MIB 164b gms Regnal year 22 (631/2). D. O. Class 5 follis variant. Heraclius wears military dress and holds long cross and sword * D. O. -, MIB gms * D. O. -, MIB gms D. O. -, MIB 164a gms D. O. Class 5; regnal year 21 (630/631). Regnal year 23 (632/3) D. O. 106a, MIB 164a gms D. O. (108a), MIB 164b gms

24 Regnal year 24 (633/4). D. O. Class 6 (MIB 166 and 167) ( ). No obverse legend; three standing figures. M, regnal year to right, officina letter beneath, CON or CONí below D. O. -, MIB 164b gms Regnal year 30 (639/640) * CON. D. O. 125c, MIB gms D. O. (110b), MIB 164b gms Regnal year 25 (634/5) * CONí. D. O. 125b, MIB gms D. O. 113c, MIB 164d gms Regnal year 30 (639/40) CONí. D. O. 125b, MIB gms * CONí. D. O. (115), MIB gms CONí. D. O. 126a, MIB gms

25 Regnal year 30 (639/640). Constantinople; 30 nummi. D. O. Class 5 (MIB 168 a-b) ( ). No obverse legend; two standing figures CONí. D. O. 126b2, MIB gms Heraclius, to left, wears military dress and holds a long cross; Heraclius Constantine, to right, wears a chlamys and holds a globus cruciger. ã, regnal year to right, officina letter beneath, CON below. Regnal year 20 (629/30). Regnal year 31 (640/41). No obverse legend; three standing figures. M, regnal year to right, officina letter beneath, CONí below * D. O. 117c, MIB 168a gms D. O. -, MIB gms * D. O. -, MIB gms * D. O. 117d, MIB gms Regnal year 21 (630/631). Class 5 variant; Heraclius holds sword D. O. 127b, MIB gms * D. O. -, MIB gms

26 Constantinople; 20 nummi. D. O. Class 1 (MIB 169a) ( ). dnhracli PñRPAVC (or similar). Armoured bust facing. K, regnal year to right, officina letter beneath. Regnal year 1 (610/11) D. O. 73a gms D. O. Classes 2-4 (MIB 170) ( ) * D. O gms dnhracli PñRPAVC (sometimes missing). Two standing figures. K, regnal year to right, officina letter beneath. Regnal year 6 (615/6) D. O. -, MIB gms gms Regnal year 7 (616/7). Regnal year 3 (612/3) * D. O. -, MIB gms * D. O. -, MIB gms Regnal year 10 (619/620) D. O. -, MIB gms

27 D. O. Classes 2-4 (MIB 170). Regnal year 16 (625/6) * 3.31 gms D. O. -, MIB gms D. O. Class 5 (MIB 171) ( ). No obverse legend; two standing figures. Regnal year 17 (626/7) * D. O. -, MIB gms Heraclius, to left, wears military dress and holds a long cross; Heraclius Constantine, to right, wears a chlamys and holds a globus cruciger. K, regnal year to right, officina letter beneath. Regnal year 20 (629/630) D. O. 118b gms gms Regnal year 18 (627/8) * D. O. 118c gms * D. O. -, MIB gms

28 D. O. Class 5 (MIB 171) ( ). Regnal year 24 (633/4). Regnal year 20 (629/30) D. O. 118c gms gms Regnal year 21 (630/31). Regnal year 31 (640/41) * D. O. (119b) gms gms Regnal year 22 (631/2) D. O. (120a) gms Regnal year 23 (632/3). Constantinople; 10 nummi. D. O. Class 1 (MIB 172) ( ). dnhra CLIPPV (or similar). Armoured bust facing wearing crown with cross. I between star and officina letter, CON below gms D. O. 121b gms D. O. (n. a.) gms

29 REFERENCES AND GENERAL NOTES Hoard A: Eighty nine (89) folles and two half folles; Hoard B: 20 folles; Hoard C: two folles. Class 1 folles It is not possible to read the regnal year with complete certainty Helmet with plume; D. O. 69c has a crown with cross The coin is of unusual appearance and might be a cast imitative Overstruck on a year 7 follis of Phocas Together with , these are clear examples of the Emperor s crown surmounted by a trefoil with a cross above, a type not noted as distinct in MIB. Number has an undertype but it appears that the trefoil belongs to the restriking. There are specimens from the first and fifth officinae in D. O. The trefoil appears to be associated with the paludamentum, as on 17.22; the condition of other examples, particularly the presence of an undertype, makes clear identification difficult Overstruck on a follis of Justin II Overstruck on a follis of Phocas, probably of regnal year See note above concerning the crown with trefoil Overstruck on a Nicomedia follis of Phocas Overstruck on an Antioch follis of Maurice Tiberius of regnal year Overstruck on a Constantinople follis of Phocas of regnal year 8 (officina å) Two undertypes can be made out a Constantinople follis of Maurice and a follis of Phocas. The overstriking is obverse:reverse in both cases. Class 2 folles, including the special coronation issue of The more or less complete legend is a notable feature of this coin thought to mark the coronation of Heraclius Constantine in January 613. See B. N. (Ae/13) for an example from officina A in the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris and Tolstoi (pl. 48, 228) for one from officina à in the Hermitage, St. Petersburg. Two further examples were sold by Morton and Eden, London (December 2008), ex Carroll F. Wales collection In neither case is the condition of the coin sufficiently good to make the attribution any more than tentative. But, if correct, neither type appears to be recorded The figure of Heraclius is weakly struck and not clear in all respects. Heraclius Constantine holds a globus cruciger. There is no corresponding globus cruciger associated with the figure of Heraclius and no long cross can be made out. The Emperor s right elbow is bent sharply (unlike the portrayal of the long cross type where his right arm is held at his side) and the shape of the mappa or akakia held across his chest may just be discerned. The coin appears, therefore, to be an unpublished officina for the coronation issue (see 17.29). But until a better preserved specimen comes to light, doubt must remain No globus cruciger associated with the figure of Heraclius is visible. The outline of the Emperor s right arm, reaching down in a half moon shape, may just be discerned. The cross-bar of a long cross may also just be made out above the figure s right shoulder. The legend may be complete and I am more confident in this case (than the last) that the coin may be part of a special issue of Overstruck on a follis of Phocas. Seemingly a more or less complete legend Overstruck on a Constantinople follis of Phocas from the fifth officina Struck from the same obverse die. Class 3 folles. These often enigmatic coins are dealt with in the following order: 1. Regnal years 6, 7 and 9 Eudocia to left; 2. Regnal years 9, 10, 11 and 13 Eudocia to right; 3. The crossless and related coins of years (Eudocia to right). The term regnal year is not used as the origin of the coins, and the period during which they were struck, are uncertain; 4. Regnal years 10, 11, 13 and coins of uncertain date Eudocia to left. No obviously regular folles are known for regnal years 8 and In the Numismatic Chronicle, 2013, hoard A, this coin was not identified by regnal year. I now believe it to be of year 13 the X is visible but the lower tier of digits is not Mansfield, S. J., The Crossless Folles of Heraclius, Arab-Byzantine Coins and History, Proceedings of the 13 th Seventh Century Numismatic Round Table, Oxford, September 2011, London (2012). This provides, 230

30 inter alia, a contribution to identification of the female figure and the date of the marriage of Heraclius to his niece Martina. The article provides references for the primary sources and the major secondary sources relevant to this debate Struck from the same obverse die A further specimen of X; å was acquired in May It was struck from a different pair of dies. It weighs 7.15 gms and the die-axis is Struck from the same obverse die Struck from the same obverse die Overstruck on a follis of Phocas (probably with Leontia) of the mint of Antioch. Class 4 folles. Similar iconography to D. O. Class 3. The figure to the left, wearing a characteristic crown with ropelike pendilia, is conventionally described as Martina. There are sometimes crosses in the obverse right and left fields. MIB 162a and 162b are distinguished by the presence, or the absence, of a cross above the M which is not always easy to make out. These minor distinctions require that only the D. O. reference needs to be given for each coin The coin is light but I think it is regular. See for similar style The date arrangement is X/1; X/u/I being more usual Probably, but not certainly, regnal year MIB (162a/b) does not record the fifth officina for regnal year Recorded in Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no. 163 as from the fourth workshop. The officina letter seems to be A Overstruck possibly on a half follis of Maurice Overstruck on a consular half follis of Phocas Similar obverse style to (see note below) The crowns worn by Heraclius and Heraclius Constantine have the distinctive flat tops that are visible on several of the other coins with illegible dates (for example nos ; ). This appears to be a style of engraving prevalent at several of the officinae and it is not a robust means of assigning the coins to specific regnal years The obverse resembles the type struck at Thessalonica and the mint mark is illegible but the fourth officina demonstrates that the coin belongs to Constantinople. Class 5 folles. For the detailed dress of the two figures, see Iconographical Descriptions. Between their heads there is a cross. In the right obverse field there is an Heraclian monogram and in the left a K. The different MIB numbers reference the particular symbols (cross, Christogram, etc.) that appear above the denominational mark. Regnal years 28 and 29 appear not to be noted Overstruck on a Class 2 follis of Heraclius from Constantinople Overstruck possibly on an Antioch follis of Maurice Overstruck probably on a follis of Justin II and Sophia An interesting coin in several respects. It belongs to the Overstruck hoard described in Phillips, M. S., Two Recent Heraclian Coin Hoards, Supplement to Oriental Numismatic Society (ONS) Journal 193, Autumn 2007, but the undertype cannot be identified. MIB does not note the fifth officina yet five workshops would logically have been needed to produce this very large issue. The sword is quite clearly shown; a possible explanation for its presence being the end of the Persian war in 629/630. See Lampinen, P., A New Variety of Heraclius Follis, Numismatic Circular, February 2001, p. 5. This article describes a similar coin of regnal year 20 from the mint of Thessalonica, CNG auction XIX, February 1992, lot 295. (The fact that the article in the ONS Journal describes the coin as unexceptional is the fault of the present cataloguer who had the opportunity to examine the coin but initially failed to note the sword.) A die-linked follis with an Heraclian countermark is at and a 30 nummi coin of the same type follows at The mint mark is illegible but there are no doubts about the attribution of the coin Apparently unpublished; MIB 164b notes only officinae A, B and å for year 22. The Heraclian monogram and K are both visible The coin appears to be a hybrid, noted as MIB 165, that mules an obverse of Class 5 (MIB 164) - the two figures including Heraclius holding a long cross are quite clear - with a reverse die of year 30 (MIB 167). Class 6 folles The date is largely illegible but X/X/X seems likely Although there seems to be a coin of such a description in D. O., MIB does not record the second officina. The coins are die-linked by obverse. 231

31 The fourth officina appears to be unpublished Overstruck on a follis of Class 3 or Class The mint signature íñc seems to be visible as part of an undertype and it is possible that the coin itself belongs to Thessalonica Lampinen, P., A New Variety of Heraclius Follis (op. cit.) suggests that (for the Thessalonican issues at least) the sword in hand variety appears frequently in the cases of the three quarter folles. MIB does not note the fourth officina for year 21 at Constantinople. Half folles. These are scarce between regnal years 6-7 and 20 - striking was intermittent - and their small size means that they do not follow the same pattern as the folles. It is interesting that, in 1982, Grierson described all the Classes as extremely rare. The poor striking, particularly of the later coins before year 20, makes identification and dating difficult. In a number of years (such as 9, 11, 14 and 19) no half folles seem to have been struck at all. It seems unlikely that the female portrait was meant to feature and her very occasional appearance on individual coins is most likely in error Overstruck on a large module half follis of Anastasius I MIB does not note the first officina for regnal year MIB does not note the fourth officina for regnal year No inscription is visible and although the date arrangement is partly illegible, there is room for X. Together, these point to a coin struck in about The precise regnal year is not certain, however MIB does not note the second officina for regnal year MIB does not note the third officina for regnal year Overstruck; there may be two undertypes one of which appears to be a Class 3 or Class 4 follis of Heraclius Overstruck on a Class 4 follis of Heraclius. 1 Hoard B, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard B, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard C, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard B, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard B, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard B, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard B, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard B, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard B, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard B, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard B, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard B, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard B, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard B, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard B, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard B, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Mansfield, S. J. and Pavlou, P. S., The Coronation Issue of Heraclius Constantine, Numismatic Circular, August 2001, pp From a group of about 100 coins with a robust Middle Eastern provenance the so-called Overstruck hoard ; Phillips, M. S., Two Recent Heraclian Coin Hoards, Supplement to Oriental Numismatic Society (ONS) Journal 193, Autumn Overstruck hoard, as above. 26 Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard B, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Lanz Numismatik, April Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard B, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no P. Pavlou, December Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no

32 59 Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard B, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard B, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard B, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard C, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Overstruck hoard, as above (fig. 4). 117 Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no The gift of Thomas Natschke. 119 Baldwins, July Lanz Numismatik, November November 1988; ex I. T. Roper collection. 122 Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no Hoard A, Numismatic Chronicle 2013, no August 2012, W. Leimonstoll. 233

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