B A R W A N I - A P R I N C E L Y I N D I A N S T A T E

Transcription

1 B A R W A N I - A P R I N C E L Y I N D I A N S T A T E The Indian state of Barwani had a population of only 141,110 in 1931, many of whom were illiterate. Despite this small size the postage stamps issued are technically interesting from a philatelic point of view. Except for two stamps issued right before the Barwani post office closed (two Vi anna stamps, Printing 9), the evidence tells us that Barwani stamps were only issued for actual postal service. The exhibit will illustrate the development of Barwani postage stamps from the first issue of 1917 to the close of the State Post on 1 July 1948 when Barwani became part of independent India. Ranjit Singh Barwani Stamp Designs - Barwani postage stamps picture two rulers, Rana Ranjit Singh who ruled from 1894 to his death in 1930 and Rana Devi Singh who ruled (originally as a minor) from 1930 until 1948, he was eight when his father died. Devi Singh stamps were first issued in October 1932 and continued to be issued until Ranjit Singh stamps were reissued in July 1933 and continued to be printed to Devi Singh Organization - Up to the first Devi Singh stamp in October 1932 the organization of the exhibit is by the approximate order that stamps were issued. From October 1932 until 1948 the stamps are presented as issued and also organized into nine printings. Technical Details - Barwani stamps are typographed and four cliches of each stamp were used to print a sheet of stamps or the cliche(s) were used to make a new printing plate. Issues to about 1930 were printed by the Barwani State Printing Press and later issues were printed by the Times of India Press, Bombay. Most, if not all, Barwani stamps were sold to the public in booklets. Usually there are four stamps to a booklet sheet and eight sheets in a booklet. Stamp Printings - The Gibbons catalog order for Barwani stamp printings has been altered based upon an article in the Collectors Club Philatelist, March 1978 to September 1978, by MacGillycuddy and by covers in this exhibit that pre-date the first cataloged stamp and are not recorded by MacGillycuddy. Also, specialists have found in the Barwani State Postal Archives information on the number of stamps printed and issuance date for the first six printings beginning in October 1932 and this information updates the printing order presented by MacGillycuddy. Highlights - Important items and personal study findings are highlighted by presentation techniques such as underlining, bold type and boxes. Gibbons lists 52 basic stamps. All are shown in sheets, one a reconstructed sheet. Gibbons also lists 42 varieties, all except seven are shown. India with Barwani State drawn large than actual proportional size. Barwani State and principal roads and towns

2 Imperial India Postal Service Barwani's Two Postal Services 22 May May May 1893 V* Anna post card carried by the Imperial India postal service from the princely state of Barwani (probably Barwani City) to Indore City, the capital of the Indian Princely state of Indore. Note the typical method of addressing mail with the address in Hindi and the destination city (or more often, transit city) in English, often in magenta ink. Although a Barwani State postal system was in place as early as , this card was carried only by the Imperial postal service. This is the earliest Barwani item the exhibitor has seen in over 25 years of collecting Barwani. EAST INDIA Wmm POSTCARD THE ADDRESS -ONLY TO BE WRITTEN ON THIS SIDE, fr f J. & U» M A v H H * l H y i ^ < r f t * ZN ^ A r ^ H ^ ' ^ ^ r ^ t ^ ^ V i ^ ^ - ^ A*$MSSS9. (* ' A l y Z y A+A2 y * - f 8 May 1930 % Anna post card also carried exclusively by the Imperial postal service even though the Barwani State postal service was active at the time. Posted at the Imperial post office in Barwani City to the princely state of Rajkot. Even though the distance traveled by the two post cards on this page are not significantly different, each took 3 days to reach its destination even though mailed more than 25 years apart. r\ C HT \\\Vl/{ 7 tam) Jt*A I I ) «7 he Empire Busi MHuu Klfatriwad, RAJKOT, HhiawE

3 Pre Adhesive Era State Post Office 21 July 1907 'No 346 of 1910"»n iaf <& acjpto as. Tr^T^Atm^f^rf jifrm ^ T T ^ T ^ W T ^ % 3 ^ -spioi c 21 July 1907 only Barwani postal item known to the exhibitor to be carried by both the Imperial post and the Barwani State postal service. Imperial India post card posted at the Anjar Imperial India post office and sent to the Barwani City Imperial post office. At Barwani City the card was transferred to the Barwani State post office (the negative seal postmark was applied at the Barwani City State post office) and sent on to Silawad through the State postal system. At Silawad the undated Silawad Barwani state handstamp was applied as well as an Imperial Silawad handstamp of unknown origin. Barwani State postal service backstamp. Undated. Barwani City postmark home made envelope endorsed "Urgent / Barwani State Service Only / No: 346 of 1910" and sent to the Barwani Revenue Officer, Barwani City. Posted at Anjar where the weak undated handstamp was applied. The negative seal on the front was applied at Barwani City along with an undated receiving office backstamp. t*,\y r ft AAl, UA & ^ ~ $ t^iac C4^4 \ % ' r^l-^aa** ^-- - a f i t v^c iy~*y*al ' tyf<c* A r fh 4 ^ v Urdu**. $ 7 C - ^ ^

4 Pre Adhesive Era Official Mail 22 December February 1918 JFUtc The plague was widespread in Barwani in December 1917; the Silawad Medical Officer crossed off the preprinted "Weekly" in "Weekly Plague return of Silawad" and wrote in "daily". In early 1918 the plague was still menacing Barwani; it infected and killed two persons in Silawad in the week ending 7 February o, On tor rm(, mclc ending the JZ Z ^P) 3-e. C^~sA~ Barwani State Strvicje only. :. / w «T A The tzy^ 0<s> C/y&A. \S~AA~> /AAAI- ' 1!>1 1 "HEAD CLERK, Surgeon's Office Barwani C. I. } (Jr-TU Uf~At'- torn Aiy ^ r the week lh J Ah' r *H A-*-, J91/.. 'Jo, On Barwani State Strvice only The y- yyy A A HEAD CEERK, Itargeon's Office Barwani C. I. } $»/ U r Q u y ^ q ^ ' AS/»A 8/ The Barwani State post office began issuing postage stamps about 1917, but official mail continued to be sent unfranked. The plague reports verify that the Barwani State postal service was operating on a daily basis at the time Barwani's first postage stamps were issued and maintained a needed service within the State that supplemented the limited Imperial India postal service operating within the State.

5 Barwani's Early Perforations 27 January 1918 Early Perforated Revenue Stamps Later this exhibit will document the existence of Barwani postage stamps four years prior to the date generally given by the catalogs for Barwani's first issue, that is March The evidence will consist of both imperforate and perforated stamps in use before March This raises the question, was the first issue(s) of Barwani imperforate or perforated? Generally imperforate stamps precede perforated stamps since imperforate stamps take much less technical skill to produce. In Barwani's case the evidence presented in this exhibit illustrates that Barwani's first stamp was perforated, the second issues imperforate, and subsequent issues mainly perforated stamps. The above revenue document dated 27 January 1918 helps support this finding by showing early evidence of Barwani's primitive perforating well before March 1921 ^ f t f%fr?*' V J* The stamps franking this revenue document also point out that early single stamps on Barwani covers can be deceiving, they often appear imperforate when in fact the stamp is perforated.

6 Barwani's First V* Anna Stamp? May 1917 Earliest Recorded Barwani Postage Stamp Use Barwani's first postage stamp issue. The most authoritative catalog of Indian Princely State stamps is the Stanley Gibbons Stamp Catalogue. But it lists a substantially different 1/4 anna stamp as Barwani's first issue (SG1) and lists the issue date as "1921 (Mar?)". This Gibbons' listing of Barwani's first 1/4 anna stamp is based on a June 1921 report in "The Philatelic Journal of India" of the stamp Gibbons lists as SG1. On the otherhand this exhibit documents two 1/4 anna and two 1/2 anna Barwani postage Earliest Recorded Barwani Postage Stamp Use i i ~ W * 4 l? May 1917 ~ r r r! T ' yi folln^tv&i o n \ ^ ^ n ^ r y y 'TryyJT Earliest recorded Barwani postage stamp use. This blurry 1/4 anna light blue, wove paper, rough perforation 7 on two sides stamp paid the 1/4 anna postcard rate for mail within the Princely State of Barwani. The postcard is hand made of thin rough brown wove paper. The manuscript message is mainly on the back of the postcard with the manuscript date of May The postmark tying the stamp to the postcard is worn; probably it was used on pre-stamp Barwani postal items and the Barwani postmarks before 1926 do not contain a date. In the middle of the postcard is a a spindle hole, common on many Indian Princely State items in this period.

7 Barwani's First % Anna Stamp Second Earliest Recorded Postage Stamp Use 31 August 1917 Up to 1922 Barwani only required two postage stamp values, a 1/4 anna for postcards and a 1/2 anna value for letters. Both values were printed by typograph with one halftone vignette (a halftone saved money since it could be photographed rather than require a skilled artisan to engrave the ruler's portrait) and one frame used for both values. Only the upper English value slug and the lower Hindi value slug needed to be inserted into the master printing form. On this first 1/4 anna Barwani stamp a major error occurred, on the master die the top English "QUARTER ANNA" value slug is partially DOUBLE so all four cache's used to produce the booklet pane have this error see enlarged illustration below. This doubling of the top English value tablet on all four cliches of the first Barwani 1/4 anna stamp distinguishes this stamp from later Barwani stamps. When the second 1/4 anna Barwani stamp was prepared this error was corrected by knocking out the double upper English value slug and inserting a non-double "QUARTER ANNA" value slug. Second Earliest Recorded Barwani Postage Stamp Use Top English value tablet DOUBLE ~ * h ^ l *h I f Second earliest recorded Barwani postage stamp use. 31 August Another copy of the blurry 1/4 anna, light blue, wove paper, rough perforation on two sides stamp paying the 1/4 anna postcard rate. Like most other Barwani stamps issued until 1948 the evidence indicates that this first 1/4 anna stamp was printed in a booklet pane of four stamps arranged 1,2/3,4. The booklet panes were perforated with one rough vertical line of perforation 7 and one horizontal line of perforation 7 on wove paper that was ungummed. It is also likely that eight booklet panes comprised a booklet and the booklet had a plane cover and back and the front and back covers and eight booklet panes were held together by string.

8 Barwani's First % Anna Stamp Doubling of the English Value Tablet aumite^ hmma 5 December December 1917 The 1/4 anna light blue stamp on the postcard immediately below is cliche 2; the printing is so blurred on this issue that we need to rely on the perforations on the left and bottom to determine the stamps position in the booklet pane. The doubling of the QUARTER ANNA tablet is clear and along with the other examples of this doubling shown in this exhibit it can reasonably be assumed that all four top English value tablets have the QUARTER ANNA double. The message side bears a manuscridt date of _o _ MT^ f V \ A \ me stamp on the bottom postcard above is cliche 3 as the stamp is perforated on the top andrightside. Like the top postcard on this page the doubling of the QUARTER ANNA tablet is clear and this helps support that all four top English value tablets in the booklet pane have the QUARTER ANNA double. The message side also bears a manuscript date of " ". Another form of generic India style post card with vertical (Persian) native characters separating the message and address sections of the post card.

9 Barwani's First V* Anna Stamp Top Half of Booklet Pane Cliches 1 and 2 circa pre Only on cover multiple of Barwani's first 1/4 anna stamp known to exhibitor. This cover is franked with the top half of of Barwani's first 1/4 anna stamp, cliches 1,2. The color of the stamps is light blue, blurry print with both cliches 1 and 2 showing the top English value tablet QUARTER ANNA double, rough perforation 6 once vertically and once horizontally. This is the only known part booklet pane of this first 1/4 anna Barwani stamp and shows wide top, left and right margins. This pair also shows the reason this first issue of Barwani is only perforated on two sides, a line of perforations vertically down the center of the sheet and a line of perforations horizontally across the center of the stamps results in each stamp being perforated only on two sides. cliches 1 and 2 top English value tablets with QUARTER ANNA double in each tablet Address side \JfiTi.tZ ^-*-y JT^h AAO X&M^> 4rm.-H«t7iffy- Posted at Barwani City to "The Inspector, Mahal Office, Pansemal" in red ink in both English and Hindi. The pair of quarter anna light blue stamps pays the State half anna ordinary letter rate in effect until There is no indication of the mailing or receiving date on this cover.

10 Barwani's First Vz Anna Stamp 1 /a anna Deep Ultramarine Imperforate Perforation 7 circa pre-1921 Barwani's first 1/2 anna stamp is deep ultramarine in color, rough perforation 7. But unlike Barwani's first 1/4 anna stamp, the one example known of Barwani's first 1/2 anna stamp is perforated on all four sides. Although Barwani's first 1/2 anna stamp is not well printed it is far better printed than the first 1/4 anna stamp and does NOT have the upper English value table double like the 1/4 anna stamp. Although the only copy known to the exhibitor of this stamp is on the cover below, the exhibitor believes the stamp is issued as a booklet pane of four and like most Barwani stamps was issued in a booklet of eight panes bound on the front and back with plain covers with the two covers and eight booklet panes bound together with string. Like other early Barwani stamps, this stamp is typographed printed using the same half tone vignette and frame as the first Barwani 1/4 anna stamp with only the upper and lower English and Hindi value tablets different from the 1/4 anna value. The stamp is on wove paper and ungummed The half anna stamp on the above cover pays the half anna ordinary letter rate in effect until The cover and pencil enclosure note has no indication of date but this stamp is clearly different from any cataloged listed 1/2 anna stamp and due to the perforation can be assumed to be issued about the same time as Barwani's first 1/4 anna stamp. The cover is addressed in both Hindi and English to Khetia in Barwani state.

11 Barwani's Second V* Anna Stamp VA anna Light Blue-lmperforate circa - pre 1921 The exhibitor believes this well printed % anna light blue imperforate stamp is Barwani's second 1/4 anna stamp, issued prior to 1921 as no dated copies are known. As is evident by the enlarged illustration below the top English value tablet no longer is double, it is a reasonably clear print of QUARTER ANNA. Shown is a used single cliche 1,a used pair (damaged) cliches 1 and 2 a used booklet pane of four that has been pasted on to a part cover (windowed out of sight) that does not originate with this used booklet pane and a pair on an ordinary letter, cliches 3 and 4, all cancelled with a single ring undated cancel. Cliche arrangement is 1,2/3,4 as the first cataloged 1/4 anna Barwani stamp. Shown are the only known copies of this second Barwani 1/4 stamp. y MEAI B '#?, >.. ntiurra r 1,'^ : '.,, jmiiiitjs n 1 2 mm ;«&' I, Only known sheet of what the exhibitor believes to be Barwani's second 1/4 anna stamp *Mp?Pr*&{ 7i tt r - ^ ^=> T T A - A r ^, <z -.-- n ^ n ^ c, V *?? ^ ^ *ec*f**s n j ^ w ^ 7 e, ^ ^ ) The pair of Vi anna light blue imperforate on an undated cover are cliches 3 and 4. Barwani postmarks do not contain dates until 1926 and the cover does not have a manuscript date, so the date of the stamp is uncertain.

12 Barwani's Second 54 Anna Stamp Vi anna Dull Blue-lmperforate circa pre July 1920? The exhibitor believes this imperforate Y. anna dull blue imperforate stamp is Barwani's second!/ 2 anna stamp, issued in 1920 or earlier. Like the first Vi anna Barwani stamp this stamp is typographed printed with a common half tone vignette and frame to the Vi anna stamp, is printed on wove paper and the stamps are ungummed. The cliche arrangement is the same as the first catalog listed V. Barwani stamp 1,2/3,4. Shown below is a used pair of the stamps, cliches 3, Cover franked on the back with a single copy of Barwani's second V dull blue imperforate stamp to pay the ordinary letter rate within the State. On the front of the cover in pencil is a native manuscript 14/7/20 which implies the cover was posted on 14 July The cover is addressed in Hindi and the two postmarks on the back of the cover do not contain a date. As is evident from the glue stains around the stamp, the stamp was issued without gum so the gum pot in the Barwani post office had to be used to affix the stamp to the envelope. The stamp is cliche 4 in the booklet pane.

13 Barwani's Second l A Anna Stamp Registered Cover franked 3 % Anna circa pre 1921 The registered cover below contains a complete booklet pane of the. anna dull blue, Barwani's second V 2 stamp. As well as a vertical pair and single. The booklet pane is arranged 1,2/3,4, the vertical pair cliches 2/4 and the single stamp with full left and bottom margin is cliche 3. There are two interesting philatelic points to make about the stamps on this cover. First the cliche 2 stamps (see diagram below) both have what appears to be a rivet head in the right margin in line with the top English value tablet. The second interesting aspect of the vertical pair on this cover is that the extreme right side is perforated rough perforation 7! This rough perforation 7 is on an imperforate stamp. Part of this right margin perforation is hidden by the single stamp but a good deal shows below the single stamp This is one of two known registered covers known to the exhibitor in the pre-cataloged stamp period. The other registered cover from the pre-cataloged stamp period is in the exhibitor's collection but duplicates the philatelic information shown on the above cover. The cover is franked with seven Barwani V% anna stamps from the second issue of Vi stamps to pay the half anna ordinary letter rate and the three annas registration fee. This 3 Yx registered letter rate was in effect until 1926 when the ordinary letter rate increased to 1 anna and this upped the registered letter rate to four annas. An interesting aspect of Barwani philately, throughout the stamp issuing period, 1917 to 1 July 1948 the exhibitor has never seen a non-philatelic cover franked more than the prevailing registration rate, either 3 Yi annas or 4 annas!

14 Gibbons #2 Variety Vz anna Dull Blue Pre-March 1921 Pre-March 1921 Imperforate variety of the first cataloged half anna Barwani stamp in blue. Note that the perforated stamp, Gibbons #2 shown previously, is clearly printed while both copies of the imperforate stamp on this page are blurry. The ordinary letter rate in Barwani was a half anna until The stamp on both covers is cliche 1 and the two covers are undated and both are addressed to Barwani City.

15 Gibbons #1 and #2 First Cataloged \U and Vz anna stamps circa 1918-March Uncolored gouge at top of central oval below "ANNA". 2. Lowerframeline shaved at right 3. Uncolored gouge in vignette at 3: Lowerframeline is dentedright of center. ( 1. Rightframeline dented near top comer. 2. Colored dot, botom of right vertical label, absent on this printing. * i ui>c s 3. Topframeline dented near left comer. 4. The "H" of "HALF" has the left foot damaged. Barwani's first cataloged quarter anna stamp is blue green and the first cataloged half anna stamp is dull blue. Both stamps are printed with clear impressions, perforated 7 on all sides with large holes and printed on wove paper. The stamps were typographed in sheets of four (2 x 2) by the Barwani State Printing Press using four cliches that show distinctive characteristics (the flaw in cliche 2 of the half anna shows up in later printings). Additional distinctive cliche characteristics develop as the cliches become worn. Cataloged as issued in March 1921? by Gibbons; later in this exhibit the quarter anna is shown used on 6 January 1920 and the exhibitors personal study indicates that Barwani's first two stamps could have been issued at least two years earlier than March 1921.

16 Gibbons #1 V* anna Blue Green Perforation 7 6 January March 1921 The Gibbons stamp catalog gives the date of issue of Barwani #1 as "Mar? 1921". The top post card has a manuscript date of " " (6 January 1920) and the bottom post card has a manuscript date of " " (17 March 1921). Thus Gibbons #1 was issued at least in January 1920 and most probably up to two years earlier following the 1917 quarter anna light blue perforated and imperforate issues. J *his ^i*f*\ vi*j testy y^u <uf*&rtw& i * Both post cards were posted at Barwani City and sent to Palsud. The Barwani quarter anna post card rate was increased from a quarter anna to a half anna in 1926 at the time Barwani issued its first four annas stamp to pay the registered letter rate.

17 Second Cataloged V* anna Stamp V* anna Green, Blurred Impression May 1921 C33' fjv.ftujli* M,«ECE» i y.:! '^ 'Viivf '!> 3 Lines of Perforation Perforated horizontally across the middle and vertically down the middle and down the right side. Apparently bound into booklets using the right side, note three pin holes in the right margins used for hand binding into booklets. 3 Lines of Perforation Perforated horizontally across the middle and vertically down the middle and down the right side. Right margin partially cut off about the location where binding holes would be located. * l,luj,l ' l ' lfc d!ii"i.iri!* CiCI I V *» «JUCE»»..-.*» 3 Lines of Perforation Perforated horizontally across the middle and vertically down the middle and down the left side. Apparently bound into booklets using the right side, note three pin holes in the right margins used for hand binding into booklets. 6 Lines of Perforation Perforated horizontally top, middle and bottom and vertically right, middle and left. Apparently bound into booklets using the right side; note the cut offrightedge with 3 binding holes probable. Although we have seen a number of Barwani quarter anna stamps prior to this issue, this is Barwani's first quarter anna issue in a true shade of green. All previous issues contained some blue. The printing is poor, all three sheets are blurred. The stamps are listed as perforated on two or three sides with big hole perforation 7. Shown are three differently perforated sheets, the first has an imperforate left side, the middle sheet has perforations on all four sides of all four stamps in the sheet and the lower sheet shows an imperforate right side.

18 Second Cataloged V* anna Stamp Early Usages V* anna Green Blurred Impression 27 May 1921 Early 1921 The Gibbons catalog lists the issue date of this stamp as "June? 1921". We can now change this date to May 1921 as this flimsy homemade post card has that date in manuscript written on the cover. The quarter anna stamp is used to pay the Barwani State post card rate of a quarter anna from Barwani City to Palsud c3%/>f* u AA3 : t fl 1 f c 7 ^ Y F i Early usage of Barwani's second cataloged quarter anna stamp, possibly 18 April 1921 but the manuscript date is unclear on this postcard. Note the contrasting postcards with the lower post card on card stock with a subtle florial design. The center of this postcard as a hole where the card was stored on a spike.

19 Second Cataloged V* anna Stamp Postcard Usages 11 September October 1921 Post card franked with a stamp classified as cliche 4 with a manuscript date of " ". The toned appearing post card is actually an ochre shaded card printed with a subdued floral design. The undated postmark is too weak to read the location of posting; it is sent to Palsud, Barwani. V S > ^ V *AZ. * ^r K ^ / - k t f c - * * ^ ^t "*-> m. I fri IT a* e V Vy C*!F> ^ > ** 'I *n<i<{ «*>( v 1 I It r ^To/cA^a -.. > r Post card is franked with a cliche 2 stamp, manuscript dated " ". The stamp appears to be perforated on the right and left sides and along the bottom, the top margin is imperforate (although with a very rough edge). This plain post card was sent from Pansemal to Palsud, Barwani.

20 Second Cataloged % anna Stamp Variety Imperforate % anna Green Circa 1921 Undated cover franked with a pair of quarter anna green, second cataloged quarter anna stamps on front, cliche 1 and 2 and another pair of quarter anna green on the back, cliche 3 and 4. Both pairs of stamps are cancelled with undated Barwani cancels, addressed to Barwani City. A <ua)u' / 6 kc- PA+4^X <L rffr i5<*yu4suua. * M--ML iu Pair of second cataloged quarter anna Barwani stamps, variety IMPERFORATE, cliche 3 and 4. TCover cut down on the left side; the one anna franking provides the postage for a double weight cover. As standard for this issue the stamps are very blurry on wove paper, uncataloged variety imperforate.

21 Second Cataloged Vz anna Stamp Vz anna Ultramarine, Blurred Impression May 1921 Cliche 2, colored dot, botom of right vertical label. 13 6' cr o 13 a o 3 Pin hole perforations t Like the second cataloged quarter anna Barwani stamp, the second cataloged half anna Barwani stamp has a blurred impression. Normally each stamp in the sheet is perforated on either two or three sides only but note the last sheet on the page (the sheet with the large left margin); all four sides of each stamp are perforated because the sheet has small hole perforations down the left side and along the bottom of the sheet. These two rows of perforations have the appearance of sewing machine perforations found on the four annas yellow brown of 1927 shown later in this exhibit. The cliche 2 flaw is found on the Ranjit Singh half anna stamp up to its last printing in 1945, it is sometimes not present on this issue (i.e. the first and last sheets on the page) and present other times (i.e. the middle sheet).

22 Barwani's First VA Blue Mid Uncertainty Over Printing Order Thickish cream glazed paper, no mesh. Margin for binding into booklets now at the bottom, three minute binding holes are present at in the bottom margin. Thickish cream glazed paper, no mesh. Barwani stamps were locally perforated by hand, so errors are not uncommon. On this part sheet an extra line of perforation was made across the lower two stamps of the sheet. The bottom margin also shows three minute binding holes. The printing order of Barwani's quarter anna stamps up to 1922 is still uncertain. The "Collectors Club Philatelist", in a series of articles March 1978 to November 1979 by MacGillycuddy, attempted a classification heavily based on the ink accumulations in the four stamp cliches. This classification has the stamp shown above printed after the imperforate quarter and half anna greens on vertical laid paper. There is now uncertainty on this printing order because of new findings by specialists of dated covers. The stamp on this page probably preceded the imperforate quarter and half anna greens and are illustrated in this new order in this exhibit. The paper used for this issue is interesting, it is a thickish cream glazed wove paper without a mesh. In 1922 Barwani issued both a one anna and two annas stamp on a thick white-gray glazed wove paper, but there is a clear diagonal mesh to the paper used in Basically the glazed paper of this issue and the paper used for the 1922 issues are not related.

23 Two Similar VA anna Blues September 1921 Clear versus Poor Impressions Clear Impression -Deep Grey Blue Poor impression steel blue perforated on all four sides. W^T*^ ****; JRtt rlk : CUiJ rwfi i t i l i y%a^w ifflf..lllii^%. \ 1 Cii\,tif> Poor Impression - Steel Blue To distinguish between the two issues note the clear printing of the deep grey blue stamp versus the poor impression of the steel blue stamp. Although one sheet is cream (the deep grey blue sheet) and the other sheet toned (steel blue), both issues are printed on a soft medium wove paper and perforated about 7 on two or three sides. A single copy of the steel blue shade is shown with all four sides perforated. The sheets are again bound into booklets using the right sheet margin. Three irregularly spaced binding holes are present on each sheet.

24 Barwani's First Vz anna Green Stamp September 1921 Thick Soft Wove Paper, Perforation 7 Note the eight rivet marks that hold the cliches in place. The ext two printings of a half anna stamp from the four cliches generally show no signs of rivet marks and.then rivet marks reappear in the 1927 printings.»» 0 8 Rivets visible holding the cliches place Cliche 3, Toned Soft Wove Paper, Left and Bottom Margins Imperforate and perforated a o o 4 booklet pane binding holes Specialists believe the booklet panes of this Barwani stamp were hand bound into booklets with string using the four holes in the left margin of the sheet. The booklets most likely had plain covers. This is Barwani's first half anna stamp printed in green, the reason for the color switch is not known. The paper is a soft wove paper ranging in color from cream to toned. Like previously perforated Barwani stamps, the perforations are gauge 7, large holes. This stamp was printed in 1921 (specialists believe around 1921), but the Gibbons catalog lists this stamp as a 1923 listing and the second half anna green stamp. The Gibbons catalog will be revised in future printings.

25 Barwani's Last VA anna Green Vertical Laid Paper and Sheet Format October 1921 Cream Vertical Laid Paper This is the last quarter anna green Barwani stamp issued, subsequent quarter anna stamps switched (permanently) to blue. The stamp is printed on a vertical laid paper either cream or toned. o I W W r* 1 SEEL * * 0 The sheet format changes again with this issue. The most recent issues were bound horizontally into booklets. This issue has a vertical sheet format. The binding holes can be found at either the top or bottom of a sheet. Toned Vertical Laid Paper

26 Barwani's Last VA anna Green Post Card and Letter Usage 16 April 1923 circa October Late use of Barwani's last quarter anna green stamp on a flimsy home made post card. Posted at Silawad and sent to Barwani City with the message having a manuscript date of " ". i 3 w - H>i%(y- 3 " * * 3 ^ V M di Registered cover (a pair of quarter anna stamps on the front) franked three and a half anna (most of the margins cut off the stamps to save weight) and most likely posted in the October 1921 to 1923 period when the last Barwani quarter anna green stamp was in use. Barwani's registration rate remained at three annas throughout the period that it issued postage stamps, circa 1917 to 1 July The rate that changed was the post card and letter rate which were a quarter and half anna respectively up until 1926 when both rates were doubled; a post card in 1926 increased to a half anna and a letter increased to one anna.

27 Barwani's Second V. anna Green Vertical Laid Paper October 1921 White Vertical Laid Paper Toned Vertical Laid Paper a o... i ' II' I I Barwani's second half anna green stamp; this issue is known used in October Like the last quarter anna green Barwani stamp, Barwani's first half anna green stamp is printed on a cream or toned vertical laid paper. The reason why Barwani switched from issuing its quarter anna stamps in green and its half anna stamps in blue to the reverse, the quarter anna in blue, and the half anna in green, is not known. The booklet binding holes on the two sheets shown appear at the top sheet. As in the past, there are three binding holes apparently hand punched.

28 Barwani's Second Vz anna Green October 1921 Single Line of Perforations and Booklet Binding This issue, as well as all previous issues of Barwani, were bound into booklets with twine. Three holes were made in the margin of the sheet and the twine was hand woven through these three holes to hold the sheets of stamps and unprinted booklet covers together to make primitive stamp booklets. The first use of staples to hold the booklets together did not occur until 1922 when Barwani issued one and two annas stamps. Toned vertically laid batonne paper 1 oned vertically laid batonne paper Cream vertically laid batonne paper Why this imperforate half anna green sheet had a single line of perforation applied across the center of the sheet is not known. Barwani did not increase its letter rate to one anna until 1926, so the need for a one anna franking was probably not the motivation (although we do not know why Barwani issued one and two annas stamps in 1922). Neither the completely imperforate sheets or the above sheets with one line of perforation are plentiful, so sales to collectors is unlikely to be the reason for the odd format. In fact, the evidence suggests that all Barwani postage stamps were issued for legitimate postal purposes.

29 First 1 anna Stamp Cliche Classification Early 1922 Early use of the 1922 issued 1 anna vermilion together with 2 annas purple, both on thick white wove paper plus a pair of quarter anna rose on horizontally laid batonne paper. The postmark is an undated Barwani postmark used up to The cover pays the three and a half anna registration rate in force up to 1926 when the registration rate was increased to four annas. It is very unusual for Barwani covers to be franked with more than one denomination. «*JBS* y t j& fc i- - > ' -.,» y y 1. Botomright comaframe line shaved off. f t T \ 2. Two scratches across the top of the central oval. r* 3. Both sides of botom left corner shaved. 4. Nick inright frame line at top. Barwani's first one anna stamp was printed in early 1922 and is known used as late as Although one of the most widely available Barwani stamps both on cover and unused, the vermilion color is reasonably consistent. The stamp is printed on thick, glazed white wove paper with the intensity of the color varying from light to dark, perforated 11 on two or three sides. Note that the top two stamps in the sheet above are reasonably well centered copies while the bottom two stamps have two sides very close or cut into.

30 First 1 anna Stamp Booklet Makeup and Varieties Early 1922 The one anna vermilion of early 1922 is the first Barwani stamp to have its stamp booklets bound with a staple, all previous Barwani stamp booklets were bound with twine. The booklet covers have no printed text on them, and each booklet held eight sheets of stamps. A new perforating device was used, gauge 11, with two horizontal lines of perforation applied across the top and between the two horizontal pairs of stamps and one vertical line of perforations down the center. The doubly printed variety was added to the Gibbons catalog in 1993.

31 First 2 annas Stamp Cliche Classification and Usage Early September 1926 Barwani's first two annas stamp was issued in early 1922 on two types of paper, a thick toned unsurfaced wove paper (used single and unused sheet) and a thick glazed white gray wove paper (pair on the cover). It is likely that both type papers were placed in use in ~S- ' Undated postmark in use up to 1926 Dated 6 September 1926, the first year dated postmarks were in use in Barwani. > 1. Botom frame line shaved at right. 2. Dent in left frame line near botom. P 3. Nick in left frame line near "E" of "POSTAGE". 4. Both sides of botom left corner shaved.

32 First 2 annas Stamp Early 1922 Thick Glazed White Gray Wove Paper!»»»*- Doubly Printed, clich6 3,TWO -.t,;,.. s ^r: ', \ Sheet of two annas purple, glazed white gray wove paper with complete top margin and staple holes. Error Imperforate Between two vertical pairs. Partially printed both sides, used with undated cancel of 1926 and earlier. Imperforate Between Horizontal Pair on Cover - Registered cover franked four annas with an imperforate between horizontal pair of the two annas purple on thick glazed white gray wove paper. Posted at Pansemal 21 February 1936 and received at Barwani City 28 February 1936.

33 First 2 annas Stamp Purple and Violet Varieties 7 March July 1936 Two annas of 1922, purple color, and a pair of one anna rose carmine of The four annas franking pays the three anna registration fee and one anna letter rate. Posted at Pansemal 7 March 1933 and received the next day at Barwani City. A mixed value franking on Barwani covers is unusual. Pair of two annas violet franking. The violet shade is uncommon and not classified as a variety by the Gibbons catalog. Posted at Pansemal 30 July 1936 and received the next day at Barwani City.

34 First 2 annas Stamp Registered Mail 12 May August 1936 Registered cover dated 12 May 1934 from Pansemal to Barwani City arriving 13 May Although four annas Barwani stamps were issued in 1926, many registered covers were franked with a pair of two annas. ffrs t*r^,a~fk<s*'caftw. ~^T- V, T Z A ~ ^ ~ ~ * y r T ' r y y < y ^ - s ^ S : (jta*?/*?/ W s i k j \ KM 3 > Pair of two annas purple franking an 9 August 1936 registered cover from Pansemal to Barwani city arriving 10 August Unusual manuscript notation on the front of the cover in red "Registered Packet / State Post office Pansemal No 233 /

35 First 2 annas Stamp Thick Toned Wove Paper Early December 1936 Barwani's first two annas stamp was issued in early 1922 on two types of paper, a thick toned unsurfaced wove paper (shown on this page) and a thick glazed white gray wove paper (shown on previous pages). Note that the 2 annas thick toned wove paper was in use at least 14 years after the introduction of the two annas stamp; the cover dated 24 December Dated 24 December 1936, very late use of the two annas on thick toned wove paper. Registered cover from Pansemal franked at the four annas registration rate in force from approximately The exhibitor has searched for over three decades to secure a cover franked with the two annas thick toned wove paper. This stamp was not in regular use at Barwani post offices. Complete sheet of the two annas thick toned wove paper stamp, cliche arrangement 1,2/3,4. Single line perforation with cliche 1 and 2 stamps perforated on three sides and cliche 3 and 4 stamps perforated on two sides. By the time Barwani printed the 1922 issues the top and bottom margins where the booklet binding was located was relatively small. The booklet binding staple holes on this sheet are at the top of the sheet just above the upper line of perforations.

36 VA anna Color Experiment Gray to Gray Blue 1922 Cream Paper Heavily Toned Paper Light Gray Medium Gray Dark Gray Medium Gray Blue Dark Gray Blue From 1922 to 1925 Barwani's quarter anna stamp changed color frequently. It was a gray to gray blue, followed by black, then red and then back to blue in We do not know the reason for all these color changes. The paper used for this issue is also quite different than the paper used for previous issues. It is a thin, poor wove paper that varies from cream to heavily toned.

37 VA anna Color Experiment % anna Grey Booklet Varieties 1922 Quarter anna grey of 1922 booklet with thin wove pink covers front and back tied with blue thread. Quarter anna grey of 1922 booklet with thin wove pink covers front and back tied with white thread, Two stamps from the first booklet pane removed Quarter anna grey of 1922 booklet with thin wove grey covers front ar:d back tied with vhite thread. Barwani booklets of 16 sheets of four stamps per sheet bound with thread of various colors Most Barwani booklets are known with eight sheets rather than the 16 sheets of these booklets. Early Barwani booklets were bound with thread or thin twine and soon thereafter staples were used to bind the booklets. Since the stamps did not have gum, no interleaving was required.

38 VA anna Color Experiment Perforation Varieties and Usage February a» % e 0 «a i Misaligned Perforations Imperforate Between Vertical Pairs This stamp is perforated gauge 8.5, the only stamps printed by the Barwani State Printing Press with this gauge of perforation. The perforation work was not executed well as shown by the imperforate between sheet and sheet with misaligned perforations. The pair of stamps on the 1922 cover from Anjar to Barwani City also point out the inability of this perforation machine to perforate stamps so they could be easily separated.

39 Vz anna Green on Thin Paper Booklet Format and Shades 1922 Complete Sheets with Varied Top and Bottom Margins Complete Booklet of Four Sheets Only Light Green Medium Green Darkish Green Dark Green Barwani's second half anna green stamp is printed on a thin smooth unglazed wove paper and, like the one and two annas of 1922, perforated gauge 11 on either two or three sides of each stamp. Most early Barwani booklets were issued with eight sheets of stamps, for this issue the booklets contain only four sheets. Note that the two sheets displayed show varied top and bottom margins, one sheet has a small ( 4 mm) bottom margin and large (22 mm) top margin. The other sheet has a comparatively large (11 mm) bottom margin and comparatively small (14 mm) top margin. The color of this issue varies from light to dark green.

40 Vz anna Green on Thin Paper Usages with Undated Postmarks Circa Circa Franked at the half anna letter rate that was valid until The franking is the half anna green of 1922 on thin paper, cliche 2. Prior to 1926 Barwani postmarks were undated so the date of posting is unknown. Sent to an interesting address, "Pansemal, Camp Khetia", the city of Khetia is about four miles away from Pansemal and in southwest Barwani. Both Pansemal and Khetia have their own postmarks. JQ? m T^/ffimOi^yaui I fl/min^(laa «-fl Franked at the half anna letter rate with a half anna green of 1922 on thin paper, cliche 4. Although India increased its ordinary letter rate from a half anna (per tola, about 12 grams) to one anna (for 2.5 tola, about 30 grams or one ounce) on 24 April 1922, Barwani did not increase its letter rate until Like the top cover, the bottom cover has an undated cancel. It was posted at Barwani City and sent to Pansemal.

41 Vz anna Green on Thin Paper Varieties and Dated Cancel Usage February v I : Printed Matter was present on the paper before the stamp was printed. Barwani booklets are now fastened together with a staple rather than thin twine. Like the previous booklet of this issue, the booklet contains four sheets with only 2 stamps remaining in this booklet. Imperforate Between Vertical Pair Barwani City new bilingual dated postmark introduced in Very late usage of the half anna letter rate. This cover was posted at Pansemal on 6 February 1926 and sent to Barwani City arriving on 7 February This cover shows the early use of the bilingual dated postmark introduced in 1926 and the very late use of the half anna letter rate, changed in 1926 to one anna.

42 Barwani's Least Common Stamp anna Red Brown, Thin Wove Paper Cliche Cliche 2 Cliche 3 Cliche 4 Reconstructed sheet of the one anna red brown of On thin smooth unglazed wove paper. All the stamps are perforated 11 on two sides,.single line Decoration. Cliche 1, perforated two sides with wide top margin and two apparent staple holes for binding into a booklet. (RPSL 60,365 22May 2003) Cliche 2, perforated two sides with wide top margin. Major gash in upper right corner. Tjhis gash has only been seen on one copy of the one anna vermillion 1922 issue see the imperforate between vertical pair is always present on the one anna 1931 rose and is never present on the March 1939 one anna brown and subsequent printings of the one anna stamp. Cliche 3, perforated two sides with narrow Dcttori margin. Cliche 4, perforated on the left side only, imperforate on top margin. Very wide margin copy like the cliche 2 copy above. One anna red brown on thin smooth unglazed wove paper, Barwani's least common stamp. Shown above is a reconstructed sheet that has taken this exhibitor decades to put together. It is rumored that a complete sheet of this stamp is in a private collector's hands but, if true, that sheet has not been on the open market to the best of this exhibitor's research.

43 Barwani's Least Common Stamp 1 anna Red Brown, Thin Wove Paper 2 March 1924? One of Two Recorded Covers Franked With Barwani's 1 anna Red Brown Registered cover franked with three copies of Barwani's scarcest stamp. This cover has a pair (cliches 3 and 4) and single (inverted on cover, cliche 1) of the 1 anna (dark) red brown of 1923 on thin soft unglazed wove paper, perforated 11 on two or three sides. Note that two of the three copies of the one anna on this page only have perforations on one side! The cover has a possible manuscript date of "2-3-24" (2 March 1924) and is posted from Barwani City to Pansemal. Besides the three one anna stamps that pays the registration rate, there is a pair (cliche 1 and 2) of the quarter anna gray to gray blue of 1922 that pays the half anna ordinary letter rate up to 1926.

44 Barwani's Least Common Stamp 1 anna Red Brown, Thin Wove Paper Circa 1925 Second of Two Recorded Covers Franked With Barwani's 1 anna Red Brown Cover franked with one copy of Barwani's scarcest stamp. This cover has a single copy (cliche 1) of the 1 anna red brown of 1923 on thin soft unglazed wove paper, perforated 11 on two sides. There is also a pair of the quarter anna blue of 1925 on vertically laid batonne paper. The three stamps are cancelled with a Barwani City undated cancel that was in use up to January 1926 when Barwani undated cancels were replaced with dated cancels. The cover is posted to Anjar. At this time the letter rate was a half anna and the registered letter rate three and a half anna. To date only two multi-weight Barwani franked covers are know so the one and a half anna franking on this cover is a mystery. [RPSL May 2000 The one anna stamp is listed as defective on the expert certificate.)

45 VA anna Color Experiment VA anna Black March? 1923 circa This is the only cover recorded by the exhibitor to appear on the market since 1975 having the quarter anna black of Registered cover franked three and a half annas with a pair of the quarter anna black of 1922 (cliches 1 and 2), a one anna vermilion of 1922 on thick white gray glazed paper and a two annas purple of 1922 on thick toned wove paper. s i t%.iki,m :/ M H Imperforate between. There are only two copies of this variety known on the market. CMZM^S) { 0EJ X9> til 1. lip Note the finger print smudges on the sheet Unused, stamp cut from sheet with scissor Used, undated cancel with perforated edges very rough This is the only Barwani stamp that has had a philatelic press report on the number issued. According to the Philatelic Journal of India of April 1925 a "knowledgeable source" reported in the Indian philatelic press that only of this black quarter anna stamp of were printed. Such a printing run cannot be dismissed as unreasonable as this stamp is difficult to obtain.

46 VA anna Color Experiment May (?) 1923 VA anna Rose, Laid Batonne Paper The laid batonne paper has a sheet watermark of a seated Britannia in a triple oval frame surmounted by a crown. Also the lettering "GUARANTEED" and "BRITISH MADE" in large double lined letters. y The reason for choosing rose as a color for the new Barwani's quarter anna printing after previously switching the color back and forth between green and blue and then gray to gray blue and black is not known and no logical explanations has been offered in the literature. This stamp printing differs in a number of other ways from previous issues. This stamp is printed on horizontally laid batonne paper, is perforated gauge 12 and is printed in sheets of twelve stamps, all previous Barwani issues were printed in sheets of only four. The sheet of twelve stamps was produced with three impressions of the plate of four cliches, apparently not struck one after the other as often the panes on one sheet have different color intensities.

47 VA anna Color Experiment VA anna Rose, Imperforate Between May (?) 1923 Complete sheet of 12 with six vertical pairs, imperforate between. The perforating on this stamp was done by hand with a line perforation machine. On this sheet the operator of the perforating machine omitted the central horizontal line of perforations.

48 VA anna Color Experiment Perforation Varieties May (?) 1923 This sheet of 12 is very unusual for Barwani, the perforations are pin holes gauge 6 on all sides of all stamps, Barwani's only pin perforated gauge 6 stamp. [ ft o l«- * Pin perforated 6, used. I» O+-1.0 <»*»0 mm m> m r 333» :. "..-:-...,...5 test-aiei. This block comprises the right side of a sheet of 12 shows why this stamp is listed in the Gibbons catalog with compound perforation 12 and 6; every other perforation hole is missing on the top edge of the upper right stamp.

49 VA anna Rose, Laid Batonne Paper Varieties May (?) 1923 Perforation 7, toned laid paper, issued Only as a Booklet Pane of Four ' Imperforate Between, Vertical Pair, perf. 12 Light Rose, perf. 12 Rose, perf. 12 Perforation 7, cream laid paper CEUti»- Darkish Rose, perf. 12 Dark Rose, a rare shade, perf. 12 Not only did the quarter anna rose of May (?) 1923 have many unique features for a Barwani stamp, but there are also a number of perforation varieties, two are shown on this page, others are shown later. The perforation 7 variety was only printed in a sheet of four. The normal stamp is perforation 12 and its two varieties include the imperforate between vertical pair, a perforation 6 and a compound perforation 12 and 6 which are printed in sheets of 12. Also the color of this issue varies a great deal, from pale to deep rose red.

50 End of VA anna Color Experiment VA anna Blue, Vertically Laid Batonne Paper quarter anna blue on vertically laid batonne paper, perforation 11, horizontal strip of four probably from the upper row of a sheet. The left pair of stamps (in a darker shade) is inverted producing a tete beche pair in the center columns. This Barwani variety has been absent from the market for over 35 years. Tete beche pair in the center of the top row of a sheet. p 1 2 z V With this issue Barwani returned to blue for the color of its quarter anna stamps. This is Barwani's first sheet of eight stamps. Two strikes of the plate of four cliches were made to produce this sheet and it was stapled into booklets with two staples for sale to the public. It was previously thought that this stamp was not sold in stamp booklets but the set of two staple holes in the left margin corrects our knowledge.

51 End of VA anna Color Experiment 1 November 1925 Late use of the VA anna postcard rate Homemade postcard on very thin, flimsy, paper franked at the quarter anna postcard rate. The franking was paid with the 1925(?) quarter anna blue, perforation 11, on vertically laid batonne paper, similar to the horizontally laid batonne paper of the quarter anna rose of May ^ sr*- 1 "CL1=. I TS^25) VJJLiMiB Undated Barwani postmark Dated Barwani postmark introduced in 1926 In 1926 the postage rate for an ordinary letter increased from a half anna to one anna and the postage rate for a postcard increased from a quarter anna to a half anna. The postcard shows the late use of the quarter anna postcard rate and the late use of Barwani's undated postmarks. The two single used copies of the quarter anna blue, perforation 11, on vertically laid batonne paper shows both the use of the undated and dated Barwani postmark type The dated Barwani postmark was placed in use in 1926

52 End of VA anna Color Experiment Usages 22 October March 1933 Franked four annas with 14 copies of the quarter anna blue of 1925 on laid batonne paper (sheet of eight and block of six with margins removed) and a single of the half anna bright yellow green of Posted at Pansemal 22 October 1928 and sent to Barwani City. Franked four annas to pay the registration fee within Barwani City and posted 28 March Unusual three color franking, two singles of the quarter anna blue of 1925 on laid batonne paper, pair and single of the half anna turquoise green of , and pair of the one anna rose carmine of 1931.

53 Printing 1 of the 4 annas Stamp Yellow Brown, Perforation 7 Large Holes 1926/ April Based on a recent study by the exhibitor (India Post January 2010 pp 8-19) the first of seven printings of a four annas Barwani stamp prior to the Devi Singh printings starting in October 1932 is colored yellow brown, on thick wove paper, perforated 7, with large perforation hole. All seven printings prior to October 1932 Devi Singh printings are without gum. All four cliches begin life with recognizable flaws. Like most previous Barwani issues the sheets consist of four stamps with large margins on all sides particularly at the top and the right margin.. 1 Colored bar at top of vignette at 12:30-1:00, 2. Two diagonal lines at 7:00 and 9:00 o'clock in the central oval Earliest recorded use of a Barwani four annas stamp on a cover. Registered cover posted at Barwani City 18 AD 1928 and 4nked with a four annas Printing 1, cliche 3 The April 1928 date on this cover underscores that The first five printings of the four annas stamp were printed within a relatively short time span of a couple of years probsy 1926 to In 1926 Barwani increased its letter rate from a half anna to one anna and combined with the three anna registration rate resulted in the need of a four annas stamp.

54 Printing 1 of the 4 annas Stamp Yellow Brown, Booklet of five sheets 1926/1927 The first four annas stamps of Barwani were issued in booklets of five sheets of four stamps per sheet. The stamps were not gummed and had no interleaving between the sheets. The sheets are bound into the booklet with thin white twine and three binding holes in the top margin of the sheet. The binding of the five sheets in the booklet is to the top margin about 10 mm below the top margin of the booklet cover. The booklet covers are plain unprinted coarse brown paper front and back Only recorded complete booklet of the first Barwani four annas stamp...iibfesoi*;.' Cliche 2 copy with part of the top margin cut off. For the five sheets in the booklet the size of the top right margin stays relatively constant for trie five sheets. Cliche 3 copy with full bottom margin. For the five sheets in the booklet the size of the bottom left margin stis reduced with each successive sheet in the booklet. The cliche arrangement for the Barwani four annas stamp printings remains constant through Printing 4. The first change in cliche arrangements occurs in the Printing 5. The last printing, Printing 7 does change back to the original order, 1,2/3,4.

55 Printing 3 and Printing 4 of the 4 annas Chestnut, Perforation 11 and Sewing Machine Perforation 3 August /1927 Printing 3 is a New Discovery by the exhibitor, the color is chestnut and the perforation is 11 with medium holes. The cover below is franked with the only known copy of Printing 3. Based on Printing 4 described below, the cliche arrangement remains 1,2/3,4. The four annas Printing 3 stamp is cliche 2 franking a homemade envelope registered at Khetia on 3 August 1932 and arriving at Pansemal on 5 August A previous owner has added brown paper to the upper left corner of this cover. s&*s e New Discovery: Chestnut, perforation 11 medium holes. f r <: im^rfe8@bigg (I^^ss il»rc«^x' -:< iw k IE 9 jjjjfe m Printing 4 of the four annas Barwani stamp in 1926/1927, but in the color of chestnut; this stamp is most likely the stamp listed in the Gibbons 2010 catalog as SG 23c, orange-brown. Compared to the previous four annas printing in orange brown, the color is better described as chestnut by the Stanley Gibbons Stamp Colour Key. The stamp is printed on thick wove paper, sewing machine perforated 6 to 10.

56 VA and Vz anna of 1927 Very Poor Impressions July am 'j"" ih Vi anna Milky Blue, Barwani's worst Printed Stamp, vanety, double vertical perforations at center 54 anna Bright Yellow Green, very poor impression, cliches rearranged for the first time to 2,4 / 3,1 s MK «l at yi' r /M?" 1 ',**M»<"' lt r» ««-» V ">l A"' V< /, 1rferSlvfWr / w f,iy M J'',.*y l ^. / > M ^ "f.>' O*".*<** J?,y ^ -v* i-p 1 ^ Ut< f%^icrr i m j ( 4 \ U s \ <i\?\ 4\<*-*i ^ Barwani's early postcards used all four Ranjit Singh Yz anna postage stamp cliches. Barwani City 9 July 1930 to Khetia. The quarter anna milky blue of 1927 marks the low point of Barwani's stamp printing efforts. Some of the explanation of the poor printing can be blamed on the paper, a thin brittle wove paper. The only other Barwani stamp to use this brittle paper was issued about the same time, a new half anna stamp bright yellow green. This half anna stamp was the first time Barwani rearranged the stamp cliches of the printing plate, from 1.2 / 3.4 to 2.4 / 3.1. This rearrangement was the result of Barwani pulling apart its half anna printing plate to print half anna postcards. Also note the presence of rivet marks, generally not seen on the 1922 issue of the half anna stamp.

57 Vz anna Yellow Green Second Cliche Rearrangement 1927 Second rearrangement of the cliches for a Barwani stamp from 2,4 / 3,1 to 1,4 / 2,3. This rearrangement of the half anna yellow green of 1927 is not recorded in the literature. It is likely that this rearrangement of the cliches had to do with the printing of half anna Barwani postcards. Also note the slight color difference from the previous issue, this issue is yellow green and the previous issue bright yellow green. Both the previous issue and this issue have poor impressions although this issue's impression is slightly better than the previous issue The paper remains a thin brittle wove paper and the perforations are large holes gauge Imperforate Between, Sheet with two horizontal pairs - ^'.* 3XE». J CXSXlj * I» 1 ( t ( 0 t 4o 00 r> o O 3 A C * «* <* /. c./>*><* f* i* ** 9 m m e* t* O r»j» Sheet consisting of two horizontal pairs, imperforate between. The top of this sheet has been cut off so the booklet binding holes are absent.

58 Printing 2 of the 4 annas Stamp Yellow Brown, Sewing Machine Perforations 1926/1927 This is the second printing of a four annas Barwani stamp and has a major differences from the first printing even though both printings were probably done in a short period of time, probably the 1926/1927 time period. The difference is the perforation; the four annas yellow brown Barwani stamps on this page are sewing machine perforated The paper remains a thick white wove paper. The sheet below shows a major variety, two horizontal pairs, imperforate between. One imperforate between pair of this stamp is the second highest priced Ranjit Singh variety in the 2010 Stanley Gibbons Catalog. 0 o P o c Off 0 o o c> 0 a Imperforate Between Sheet of Two Horizontal Pairs oo.ooq e? t a oo 0 BARWANI STATF rather than BARWANI STATE, Cliche 3 The cliche arrangement for Printing 2 of the four annas Barwani stamp remains the same as Printing 1. We do not see a change in the cliche arrangement until Printing 5. Even so Printings 1 to 5 of the four annas Barwani stamp were probably done in a relatively short time period 1926/1927.

59 Printing 5 of the 4 annas Stamp Orange Brown, Perforation 7 Large Holes 11 November 1930 In 1926 Barwani increased its letter postage rate from a half anna to one anna and kept the registration fee at three annas, thus increasing the total cost of a registered letter from three and a half annas to four annas. To meet this franking, Barwani issued its first four annas stamp in 1926/1927. In fact we believe Barwani printed at least five separate four annas stamps in 1926/1927, the stamp on this cover coming from Printing 5. This stamp, like the quarter anna milky blue and half anna yellow green issues of 1927, was printed on thin, hard, brittle wove paper, large hole perforation 7. A n * W i ' Homemade envelope from a Barwani newspaper of unknown date with a plain toned blank label pasted on the homemade envelope for the address and postal marks. This registered cover is franked with Barwani's Printing 5 four annas stamp, orange brown, cliche 2.

60 Printing 5 of the 4 annas Stamp Orange Brown, Perforation 7 Large Holes 1926/1927 Cliches rearranged: Why Barwani needed to dismantle the four annas printing plate of four cliches after Printings 1 to 4 is not known. The first rearrangement of any Barwani printing plate was the half anna plate so that half anna post cards could be printed with the postage stamp cliches. Barwani never issued a four annas postal stationary registered envelope and specialists do not know of any such experiments, so a postal stationary issue is not a likely explanation. The new cliche arrangement is 2,4/3,1 with only cliche 3 in the same position as in Printings 1 to Cliche 4, Variety Dark Orange Brown Imperforate Between Color - The color used on this printing has changed to orange brown, a much lighter color than either the yellow brown of Printings 1 and 2 or the Chestnut of Printings 3 and 4, but this stamp does have darker shades of orange yellow. Paper - The paper is thin (0.05 mm thick) brittle wove paper. The paper is so thin it could easily be described as pelure paper. Perforation - Like Printing 1, the perforation is 7 with large perforation holes. Unlike Printing 1, the perforation holes are cleaner cut than Printing 1, not as many perforation holes remain on the sheet.,

61 Printing 5 of the 4 annas Stamp 11 January 1931 Orange Brown, Perforation 7 Large Holes c^ A or i fc IN* I ] Lf ; o if ** y i 1 r ft/? > I ' Reused "On Barwani State Service" envelope (shortened) registered from Pansemal 11 January 1931, via Niwali 11 January 1931 to Barwani City 20 January Franked with Barwani's Printing 5 four annas stamp, dark orange brown, thin wove paper, perforation 7 large holes, cliche 1. In the upper left hand corner of the reused envelope, note the "No 111 of 1931", the envelope was reused almost immediately in 1931.

62 Last Large Hole Perforation 7 Issues VA anna Blue and Vz anna Green 1928 The quarter anna deep bright blue and half anna light yellow green of 1928 are Barwani's last issues to be perforated large hole gauge 7, the same perforation as Barwani's first issue over a decade prior to this issue. Both values are printed on an off white thick glazed wove paper, similar to the paper used for the first one and two annas printings. The quarter anna sheet still has the same cliche arrangement as the first quarter anna printing % anna Deep Bright Blue 3 1 Vt anna Light Yellow Green 2 4 The half anna cliches are rearranged for the third time for the half anna value, most likely so that the four cliches could be used to print half anna post cards. A distinctive feature of this half anna printing is that the top two cliches, cliche 3 is in position 1 and cliche 1 is in position 2, show clearly the small rivet heads used to hold the cliches on the printing surface. Previous issues often showed indistinct rivet heads.

63 Printing 1, Sheets of 8 Tete-beche VA anna Blue and Vz anna Green November 1928 Starting in November 1928 Barwani made five separate printings of the quarter anna and four separate printings of the half anna (one printing of the half anna has not been seen by specialists yet, but the quarter anna printing exists and the quarter anna and half anna printings were done together) in sheets of eight stamps. The sheets below were printed with two separate impressions of the plates of four cliches. The quarter anna ultramarine cliche arrangement remained 1,2/ 3,4 but one plate impression was tete-beche to the other. The half anna apple green cliches were rearranged 4,1 / 3,2, but the bottom row of stamps was positioned tete-beche to the top row of two stamps. The reason for these unusual sheet arrangements is not known. p 1 2 z V 3 4 «"» WE&A V P e z Both sheets are line perforated gauge 10.5, the lines of perforation are irregular and the holes are ragged. On the four subsequent issues of the quarter anna in sheets of eight and the two known (one printing has not been recorded yet) subsequent printings of the half anna in sheets of eight the perforations are gauge 10.9, with straight lines of perforations and clean cut holes.

64 Printing 1, Sheets of 8 Tete-beche Vz anna Green, Shade Varieties November I P Z Apple Green V P Z Yellowish Green The first printing of the half anna green in a sheet of eight with two impressions of the plate show two distinct colors, Apple Green and Yellowish Green. The half anna cliches were rearranged 4,1 / 3,2, but the bottom row of stamps was positioned tete-beche to the top row of two stamps. Both sheets are line perforated gauge 10.5, the lines of perforation are irregular and the holes are ragged. On the two subsequent printings of the half anna in sheets of eight the perforations are gauge 10.9, with straight lines of perforations and clean cut holes.

65 Printing 2 and 3, Sheets of 8 VA anna Blue (Print 2) and % anna Green (Print 3) Early ura^mni * - \ UAirAHHA 9H p i I L ( M. CEEO :: 1 2 % anna myrtle green on thick glazed paper, perf. 10.9, cliches 1 and 2 with cliche 2 showing seven riviet marks 4C Of'* Ci^i» Printing 2 of the quarter anna ultramarine and printing 3 (a horizontal sheet of eight, printing 2, of the half anna has yet to be seen by specialists) of the half anna myrtle green in sheets of eight took place soon after printing 1, probably in early For this issue and the subsequent Ranjit Singh issues up to October 1932, the perforation gauge is 10.9 with straight lines of perforation and clean cut holes. We do not know why the tete-beche formats of printing 1 were abandoned or why there is no horizontal printing 2 setting of the half anna recorded. For the half anna the cliches were also rearranged again, this time to 2,3 / 4,1.

66 Printing 3, Sheets of 8 VA anna Indigo and Dull Blue 1929,.-. <-MT,,,-JB Dark Indigo on Top, Dull Blue on Bottom Light Indigo on Top, Dark Dull Blue on Bottom Printing 3 of the quarter anna clearly shows the effect of two impressions of the printing plate being used to make one sheet of stamps. The top impression is indigo and the bottom impression dull blue, two different colors. Often, as on this page, the top plate impression is either dark or light and the bottom plate impression the opposite. As happened for the half anna printing 3, the sheet format has switched to a vertical format. The perforation gauge remains 10.9 with straight lines of perforation and clean cut holes.

67 Printing 3, Sheets of VA anna Indigo and Dull Blue o o n n i«apm> <; l U'iri; i > EDGE* flujljj 2 Imperforate Vertical Strips of Three Dark Indigo on Top, Dull Blue on Bottom fcijlii* 4 Imperforate Horizontal Pairs Light Indigo on Top, Dark Dull Blue on Bottom J o "1 P" I* o a a «* l\ [a «* " 1 i - I fl t 0 * 0 9 a 6 0 " a o 0» u. a I «* t 6 Printing 3 of the quarter anna clearly shows the effect of two impressions of the printing plate being used to make one sheet of stamps. The top impression is indigo and the bottom impression dull blue, two different colors. Often, as on this page, the top plate impression is either dark or light in and i the in* bottom i I plate impression the opposite. As happened for the half anna printing 3, the sheet format has switched to a vertical format. The perforation gauge remains 10.9 with straight lines of perforation and clean cut holes.

68 Printing 4, Sheets of 8 Vz anna Turquoise Green Scarce with two colors so prominent B^K^ ***t-mm MMm Imperforate Between, Sheet with Four Vertical Pairs o '.» 0 o o 5 1! > O C 0 o s. *, Q otj Q & o o Q»oo BOO O. oo 0» t I 9 0 I 9 s 1! t t at 1 0 s a (1 t 0 e c s i : i i ' A i i * 3-4 Imperforate between vertical pairs Printing 4 of the half anna, a turquoise green in sheets of eight is the last half anna printing in this format, although there are two more quarter anna printings in sheets of eight. In this half anna printing the format changes back to a horizontal format, two impressions of the plate were made to print a sheet. The paper is still an off white thick glazed wove and the perforation gauge remains 10.9.

69 Printing 4, Vz anna Turquoise Green Late Usages 16 August December 1938 Posted at Palsud on 16 August 1937 paying the one anna letter rate with a pair of light turquoise green half anna stamps, printing 3. The cover was received at Mandwada the same day. The Dark Turquoise Green shade is a scarce shade Bottom cover pays the same rate with a pair of dark turquoise green (a scarce shade) half anna stamps, printing 3. This cover was posted at Pansemal on 7 December 1938 and also received at Mandwada the same day as posted. Specialists believe printing 3 of the turquoise green half anna occurred in the 1929 to 1932 time period so the 1937 and 1938 usages on this page are relatively late usages.

70 Clandestine Reprints & Forgeries 1970's "Cover", "Varieties" & "Stamps" TO FORGERIES GENUINE STAMPS ~=?7?: >Tf?yi*>9r ^ -flip- y u / f / ^ +JH9Ui*>4P*** " ^ ^ */9iJ vrfttcz -?J#~7 *&. Clandestine Reprints of SG 15, the 1 anna brown-red on thin wove of 1923, vertical pair imperforate between and a cover with a genuine % anna green (BPAP /12/1993 stating cover is faked) Most of the original Ranjit Singh cliches sustained major deterioration between the time of their last use in the mid to late 1940's and the 1970's when clandestine reprints were made. Thus "defective" impressions combined with the difficulty in matching colors, paper and perforations make most clandestine reprints easy to detect. The color is also the determining factor for easily spotting forgeries.

71 Final Printing(s) of the % anna in sheets of '/. anna Dull Ultramarine The final printing(s) of the quarter anna in horizontal sheets of eight stamps presents a controversy! Were there two printings or only one printing? Was the printing produced from a new plate of eight unique impressions. The top sheet is a prime candidate for a fourth printing. MacGillycuddy in a 1978 Collectors Club Philatelist article concluded that the top sheet was made from two impressions of the four cliches (1,2/3,4) and the two impressions are always 4 mm apart at the top and 3 mm apart at the bottom, with the left impression 1 mm above the right, i.e. a new plate of eight produced the sheet. Others contend two impressions of the four Barwani cliches were used to print the sheet of eight like previous sheets of eight (or 12). Al'lii'"-J'l % d O l W A CZ Mm iilf «2~rr» CXKX9 Top row, third stamp from right, example of flaws that are common The bottom sheet is a prime candidate for a fifth printing not listed by MacGillycuddy in a 1978 Collectors Club Philatelist article. The set of flaws is substantially different from the sheet at the top of the page. As an example, the flaws around the head that appear in the third stamp in the top row can be confirmed by three additional sheets in the exhibitor's collection. Additionally the large flaw just touching the outside vignette at the 4:30 point is confirmed by a sheet and a single stamp.

72 Printing 3,1 anna 1 anna Rose Sheet Makeup and Cliche 2 flaw 1931 This is the third printing of the one anna value and the first time this value was printed in a sheet of eight. The sheet is printed by making two impressions of the four cliche plate in two passes of the sheet through the press, thus the contrasting shades between the left and right halves of the sheet. Like the previous quarter and half anna values, the perforation is 10.9 made by a single line perforator with straight lines and clean cut holes '32ESJH j liteees BEiEit Cliche 2,1922 Printing Cliche 2,1931 Printing ^y^ Cliche 2, March 1939 Printing m m m Cliche 2 of printing 3 of the one anna always shows a large jagged gash by the upper frame line close to the right corner. Only one example of this gash has been seen on cliche 2 of the first one anna vermilion of 1922; this was previously shown as the top stamp of an imperforate between vertical pair. The implication of this evidence is that this flaw developed very late in the printing of the first one anna stamp and is always present on printings 2 (shown in the reconstruction of the sheet) and 3. Unexplained, there is no evidence of this gash or any repair work in the the fourth and subsequent printings of the one anna Ranjit Singh stamp in various shades of brown.

73 Printing 3,1 anna Usages of Half Sheets 26 January July 1933 Left cover is a reused stampless cover, locally registered, and posted at Rajpur 26 January Franked at the four annas registered letter rate with a half sheet from the left side of the sheet of eight of the 1 anna light rose of The cover on the right is also registered and franked with a half sheet of the 1931 one anna, dark rose, a very unusual shade and a double row of perforations, very unusual for Barwani. Posted at Pansemal on 22 July 1933 and received at Barwani City 23 July (RPSL October1980liststhestampasSG11,theSG2004catalognumberisSG30)

74 Printings 6 and 7, 4 annas Printing 6 Orange, Printing 7 Salmon 1931 Two 1931 four annas issues, previously only one printing was known. Based on the exhibitor's article in the January 2010 issue of the India Post, pages 8-19, the earlier printing is Printing 6 orange followed by the Printing 7 salmon printing where the cliches were again rearranged back to their original positions in Printing 1, 1,2/3,4. Both sheets are sheets of eight stamps that was the norm for Barwani at this time. Both printings are on off white thick glazed wove paper, perforated 10.9 with straight lines of perforations and clean cut holes. Printing 6 in Orange has the cliches arranged 4,2/3,1 as was the case for Printing 5. Shown below is a sheet of eight with full margins, although the left margin maybe clipped as there is no indication of either Printing 6 or 7 being sold to the public in booklets of eight stamps to a "booklet" sheet f -. '» * *» Orange Imperforate Between horizontal pair, cliches 3 and 4 from the lower left side of the sheet of eight. Salmon Printing 7 salmon, has the cliches rearranged back to their original 1926/1927 position. 1,2/3,4. This printing with the cliches rearranged back to their original positions has not been previously recorded. The order of printing wa reasoned because Printing 6 had the same cliche arrangement as Printing 5 while Printing 7 was rearranged back to the original setting. Why any cliche arrangement was changed to the four annas printing is unknown.

75 Printing 6, 4 annas Orange 17 March December 1931 Registered cover franked four annas, cliche 4, printing 6 in orange. Posted at Khetia (deep purple cancel ink) on 17 March 1931 and received at Barwani City 20 March The front shows a weak black rectangular two line Khetia registration handstamp, the address in blue ink. J \ r4 A! y& 7A & fjfcy ).fl /*/ y / i : : ' i *V I ft/**,/ Registered cover franked four annas, cliche 3, printing 6 in orange. Posted at Pansemal on 4 December 1931 and received at Barwani City 6 December The front shows a black rectangular two line Pansemal registration handstamp, the address in blue ink and a red "X" of unknown status where the stamp is usually placed. Three of the four covert with the four annas from printings 6 and 7 have the red "X" or red cross!

76 Printing 7, 4 annas Salmon 14 August 1932 Registered cover with a cliche 1 four annas salmon, Printing 7 stamp. The home made cover was posted at Khetia on 14 August 193 and does not have a receiving handstamp. In total the author owns four covers with four anna stamps from Printings 6 (three covers) and Printing 7 (one cover below). Lie the cover below, three of the four covers have a manuscript red "cross" or "X" on the front. The purpose of this red cross is unknown. y y6, Lfi ; AAcJAiA $fy * >- % ^ Scan of front 75 percent of actual size 4i$*l/ *»ft "yijrws as* jzars'l**' >w

77 Printing 1 October 1932 VA - 4 annas Devi Singh Portrait October 1932 begins the second phase of Barwani philately, the stamps from now on are printed by the Times of India Press in Bombay and the stamps are issued with gum! The printings of both Devi and Ranjit Singh stamps between 1932 and 1948 are divided into nine printings, with factual information about printings one to six being materially revised based on new findings from the Barwani Post Office Archives, including the number of stamps printed. In 1932 a new stamp design was introduced with the portrait of the new Barwani ruler, Rana Devi Singh who was ten years old in 1932 and succeeded his father Ranjit Singh in 1930 at the age of eight. Ranjit Singh stamps were reintroduced in July 1933, printing 2, and continued to be printed right up to 1948 when Barwani was incorporated into India. % anna Gray-slate, 4,000 printed 1 anna Chocolate, 4,000 printed % anna Green, 4,000 printed 'TWO A. gsgptipa 6 latt; 1 AfAi) 'I'- 1 ^ TWO Ai r3 i f : FOUR Asltl ^n 1 u 2 annas Dark Purple, 4,000 printed 4 annas Yellow Olive, 4,000 printed Printing 1 consists of five values of the Devi Singh stamps, no Ranjit Singh stamps were issued as part of this printing. Printing 1 does not have sheet margins on the top, bottom, or right side of the sheet and the sheets of four are stapled into stamp booklets with one staple using the left margin. The stamps are normally perforated 12, but also known perforated 11; the one and two annas are known compound perforated 12, 11.

78 Printing 1 2 & 4 annas Usage 26 February October 1933 Registered cover franked with two copies of the 2 annas Printing 1, the left stamp perforation 12, 11, 11, 11 and the right stamp perforation 12. Cover sent from Barwani City to Pansemal on 26 February E * - -y - *\ y S ^ _-*t>«' VS. 4 Registered homemade envelope posted at Pansemal 10 October 1933, franked with a printing 1 four annas yellow olive, perforation 12, and received at Barwani City 11 October 1933.

79 Printing 1 Hand Drawn Essay Rana Devi Singh circa 1932 Unique from the Barwani State postal archives. In October 1932 Barwani began issuing its new set of stamps depicting the new ruler the Rana Devi Singh, a child. Above is a hand drawn essay in Indian ink and Chinese white for the quarter anna Rana Devi Singh issue. This essay is endorsed "P614" whose meaning is not known but appears to be some sort of ID number, "1 an, 2, 4, '/ 2, '// for the five values of stamps to be issued and "% x 7/8" for the width and length of the stamps to be issued. bpa 68,838.

80 Printing 1 circa 1932 l A and Vz anna Working Proof Rana Devi Singh fesss^ if 1 I*LJ *W] R3fi^W<*!& i '"viv^ ( Kir IBfw Jra 0 1 Times of India working proofs of the Y> and l A anna Rana Devi Singh issue in black on wove paper for use in checking the condition of the cliches. Endorsed "Cancelled" in red manuscript. From the Barwani State Post Office archives. The exhibitor knows of no other copies of the above working proofs, BPA70,426 and 70,427

81 Printing 1 circa ,2 and 4 anna Working Proof Rana Devi Singh Times of India working proofs of the 1, 2 and 4 anna Rana Devi Singh issue in black on wove paper for use in checking the condition of the cliches. Endorsed "Cancelled" in red manuscript. From the Barwani State Post Office archives. The exhibitor knows of no other copies of the above working proofs, BPA70,428,70,429and 70430

82 Printing 1 circa October 1932 Vz anna Die Proof of the Four Cliches rlj \ - 'IHM.*AWHAI JiWm' Die proof of the four cliches of the half anna Devi Singh issue. This proof does not show many of the flaws characterizing the first printing of the half anna Devi Singh issue and thus was produced prior to the first Devi Singh printing in October This information is mentioned since clandestine reprint "proofs" were produced in the 1970's to deceive collectors. One other proof similar to this is known.

83 Printing 1 circa October 1932 Plate Proofs of %, 1 and 4 annas V* anna Devi Singh plate proof, gray-slate *l\ abtfein m <-v;.-pj,:g»-7j--:,;j t.-jj3l ^.s 1anna Devi Singh plate proof, brown 4 annas Devi Singh plate proof, yellow olive These are the only full sheet plate proofs from Barwani to come on the market in the last 29 years. Printed on toned wove paper with a mesh similar to the first printing of the Devi Singh Barwani stamps. The quarter anna proof has brownish gum on the back, the one anna proof has a white gum and the four annas has no gum.

84 Printing 1 VA to 4 annas Perforation Varieties October 1932 Imperforate Between, pf 11,11,11, 12 7w'tik\ i l l HALI- IUHAM irinyiori ASi,iajUSili5'ni*-i'^,i-*. Perforation 11 % anna Gray-slate, 4,000 printed all perfs. Compound perforation 12 and anna Chocolate, 4,000 printed all perfs. Perforation 11!4 anna Green, 4,000 printed all perfs. 1 anna Perforation 11, Light Chocolate 1 anna Perforation 11, 1 anna Perforation 11, Chocolate Chocolate Brown 4 annas Perforation 11, Yellow Olive 2 annas, Perforation 12,11,11,11 2 annas, Perforation 11,11,12,11 2 annas, Perforation 11,11,12,11, used 1933 With the Times of India Press of Bombay now printing Barwani stamps rather than the Barwani State Printing Press, we have new perforations. Except for the one anna Devi and Ranjit Singh issues of 1947 perforated 8.5 and Printing 1 which is normally perforation 12.0, all Barwani stamps printed since October 1932 are perforation 11. Printing 1 is normally perforated 12 but, as shown above, perforation 11 varieties exist. Also shown are two one anna pairs, imperforate between and compound perforation and three two annas stamps compound perforation 11, 12.

85 Printing 2 VA to 1 anna Devi Singh Portrait July July 1934 This is printing 2 with both Devi Singh (below) and Ranjit Singh (later) stamps issued. Although the colors of this Devi Singh issue are softer than the colors of printing 1, the main distinguishing feature is the vertical mesh to the paper of printing 2 versus the horizontal mesh of printing 1. Only the quarter, half and one anna Devi Singh values were issued in July All Barwani stamps from here on out, with two exceptions, are perforated 11. The two exceptions are a one anna Devi Singh and one anna Ranjit Singh, Printing 8, issued in 1947 and noted in the exhibit text. % anna Deep Green 6,400 printed y* anna Slate, 12,800 printed 1 anna Soft Chocolate, 3,200 printed r I ^t &f&*%i& > rf'ha} Jh ^ K^-zyTl? 7 ) e)7 / ryi(at *A* ^L yyy y=^_ ^y n o - l sn\ r^ ^ ' \ of f */ / *) / «-* pt 1- y/ Oil /A &f f cytr <0(j Native cover posted at Khetia on 30 July 1934 to Barwani City, arriving 1 August Franked with the one anna brown second printing in the first month of the issue.

86 Printing 2 July 1933 VA to 4 annas Ranjit Singh Plate Proofs Vi anna-deep Gray-black, cliches 1 and 2 14 anna Myrtle Green, cliche 1 but all Printing 2 issued stamps were made from cliche 3 1 anna Deep Chocolate, all copies are cliche 1 with cliche 1 beinfg the only cliche used for the one anna Rangit Singh Printing 2. 4 annas Sage Green, Cliche 4 both copies Printing 2 of the Ranjit Singh stamps by the Times of India Press consisted of all values except the two annas. Shown are imperforate plate proofs of all printed values. The proofs are on white to toned wove paper with a vertical mesh and all the shown proofs have shiny gum. The Printing 1 Devi Singh stamp were on a horizontal mesh paper.

87 Printing 2 July 1933 VA to 4 annas Ranjit Singh Portrait VJ anna-deep Gray-black, 9,600 printed Vi anna Dark Green, 4,800 printed f^pg^gfgh jmj*$tj^mm,; ' : - \ i.: f..- ''" ' ^'J If Mt' :: v 4 annas S'age Green 1,600 printed 1 anna Deep Chocolate, 4,800 printed Printing 2 was the first printing of Ranjit Singh stamps that was definitely done by the Times of India Press. All the old Ranjit Singhi stamp printing cliches were transferred to the new printer. The main distinguishing feature of this printing is the vertical mesh to the paper in printing 2, versus a horizontal mesh in printing 1. All Ranjit Singh values except the two annas were printed. The reason for beginning the reissue of all Ranjit Singh values in July 1933 is not known. Ranjit Singh had died in 1930 and his then eight year old son was on the throne.

88 Printing 2 Vz Ranjit Singh Usage 30 August June 1939 The Times of India Press produced a new plate of four stamps for the half anna in printing 2 using only old cliche 3 In contrast, the previous half anna printing in a sheet of eight and the subsequent October 1941 printing 5 half anna issue use all four half anna cliches. The franking pays the one anna letter rate. The stamps are position 2 and 4 of the new plate. The cover was posted at Barwani City on 30 August 1937 and arrived at Khetia the day after posting, 31 August (RPSL cort , 29 October 1980 but lists the pair of stamps assg 7, which issg 16 in thesg 2004 catalog, a 1923 issue rather than the correctsg 33B issued in July The certificate states the stamps are "pin perf T, the actual perforation is 11, and the perforation holes are much larger and clean cut than a pin would make.) ^2D^B Q S? v \ C / / /? <2, < Afir ' < try S-Tr? <Zf*S A^r^^r- J? ~ J^S^rM i SYA7 ^^JZ*A^ ZA"- ^, s^s e?yyra <&s<zy The two stamps pay the one anna letter rate with stamps from position 4 and 1 (defective). The cover was sent from Anjar on 15 June 1939 and arrived at Barwani City the next day.

89 Printing 2 1 anna Ranjit Singh Usages p re-june November 1937 The Times of India Press also produced a new plate of four stamps for the one anna of printing 2 using only old cliche 1. The new plate shows no distinctive new flaws. The top cover was posted at Anjar, a small town in Northwest Barwani, in early 1937 (the postmark month is illegible) and sent to Barwani City Registered cover posted at Anjar on 11 November 1937 and sent locally. Franked four annas using a sheet of one anna chocolate, printing 2. Note the absence of distinctive flaws in the four stamps comprising the sheet.

90 Printing 2 4 annas Ranjit Singh Usages 14 May September 1940 The Times of India Press also produced a new plate of four stamps for the four annas of printing 2 using only old cliche 4. As was true with the one anna Ranjit Singh printing 2, this four annas printing using one cliche has no distinctive flaws appearing on the newly created plate of four subjects. Registered cover was posted at Rajpur on 14 May 1936 and apparently sent to Barwani City. i f Late use of the four annas yellow olive printing 2 of July 1933 paying the registered cover rate. Posted at Khetia 23 September 1940 and sent to Barwani City arriving 26 September Note the uncommon use of a European style envelope, most Barwani envelopes were handmade.

91 Printing 3 1 anna Devi Singh New Portrait July 1937 Tete-beche Plate Proof, Both Impressions Double Two impressions, tete-beche, of a plate proof in sepia on brown (maybe heavily toned) wove paper. Both impressions are double. No other item of a similar nature, and specifically no printers waste, has been reported from Barwani. >ry r *fsvi ^ ^ E B 1 3 ;:;.K J. HT yyy&s SPUD A (IN =ArjHAj " TT^. -athtj: 1 anna Chocolate, 8,000 Printed 4 annas Olive-green cliches 1 and 2,1,200 Printed. Left bottom item is a printing 3 sheet of the July 1937 one anna Devi Singh stamp with the new portrait of Devi Singh in the issued color of Chocolate. Like printings 1 and 2, the sheets of this printing 3 do not have top, right or bottom margins, only a left margin where one staple holds the eight sheets of stamps into the stamp booklet. The perforation is gauge 11 and normally is rough in printing 3. The only additional stamp that the Barwani State postal archives designate as issued in July 1937 and belonging with printing 3, is the pair of four annas Devi Singh shown above.

92 Printing 3 1 anna Devi Singh New Portrait July September 1938 We do not know why Barwani decided to issue a single value with a new portrait of Devi Singh. It is possible that the printing was in error as Barwani had been using a similar frame for its one anna red revenue stamps and subsequently issued two Devi Singh one anna revenue stamps using this frame. White Wove Cream Wove Large Portrait Small Portrait Large Portrait Small Portrait. BARWANI REVENUE STAMPS Ordinary letter franked 1 anna Devi Singh (new portrait), printing 3, chocolate. Posted at Anjar 4 September 1938 and sent to Barwani City, arriving the same day. Typical use of a homemade envelope.

93 Printing 3 1 anna Devi Singh Usages 15 July November 1942 One anna Devi Singh printing 3 of July 1937 posted at Khetia on 15 July 1939 and sent to Barwani City arriving the same day. *r%r. twlfhc n " X C T A ~ ~ - *» t U v Late use of the one anna printing 3 Devi Singh of July 1937 on a cover posted at Barwani City on 21 November 1942 and apparently used locally. Up until 1932 Barwani stamps were issued without gum so the post office would have a glue pot available for affixing stamps. This cover appears to have the stamp affixed with glue even though the printed stamp was gummed.

94 Printing 3 4 annas Devi Singh Usages 4 September December 1938 The two four annas Devi Singh stamps shown below franking separate covers are stamps not previously classified in the literature; their status as a separate issue has only recently been determined from new information found in the Barwani State postal archives. Registered cover was posted at Rajpur, 4 September 1938 and sent locally. ntifi rr 3 " W 7j ^ ^ W ^ ^ Sfc-^w m^tcm WGMJfctfmw, tiffif) * 7 A 15 W j 7 ^ " 511*1 qcit fsft^t i r ^T4r&r > "»**~ rv«n Ay^~A^y<Z\ ^ Registered cover with enclosure including a postal receipt. Both the cover and postal receipt were postmarked at Barwani City the same day, 27 December The cover was sent locally.

95 Printing 4 "A, 2 & 4 annas Devi Singh Portrait March 1939 VA anna Gray-slate, 6,400 printed 1 I P S! * \. ; \ TWO A, yj^r -CT^ ^ H l Vi.-io:iH/',--:.-a Wtl4r -<rm l^rwoatfel'1 2 annas Bright Purple booklet with all the sheets removed. 2 annas Bright Purple, 2,000 printed Vi annas Gray-slate, 6,400 printed 'CM'^L. [TWO M >4^.1-JT =t 2 annas Purple, 2,000 printed 4 annas Greenish Olive, 1,000 printed Printing 4 consists of three Devi Singh stamps shown above and three Ranjit Singh issues. Prior to finding the order of printing and the number of stamps printed in the Barwani Post Office Archives for the first six printings starting in October 1932, the printing 4 stamps on this page were classified as Printing 2 and the issue date for the printing was assumed to be 1932.

96 Printing 4 March , 2 & 4 annas Ranjit Singh Portrait. 1 anna Dull Chocolate, 4,000 printed * 4 annas Pale Sage Green, 1,000 printed 2 annas Bright Purple, 2,000 printed Printing 4 consists of three Devi Singh issues shown previously and the three Ranjit Singh issues shown above. Prior to finding the order of printing and the number of stamps printed for the first six printings starting in October 1932, the printing 4 stamps on this page were classified as printed in 1938 rather than March These Ranjit Singh stamps constitute the first "wide printing" Barwani stamps.

97 Printing 4 2 annas Ranjit Singh Usages 22 September May 1944 Registered envelope on the right was posted at Khetia 22 September 1942 and sent to Barwani City arriving the same day. The vertical pair of two annas Ranjit Singh is printing 4, cliches 1/4. Homemade envelope from a form printed in Hindi at Fort Bombay. Note the "glue stains" from the liberal amount of glue used to stick these gummed stamps on the envelope. HI f --T7*" -" / \ * 3 1 AvM- * Wjf 2 4 The registered cover to the left shows late use of the two annas printing 4, cliches 1 / 4. Posted at Palsud 26 May 1944 and received at Barwani City 29 May 1944.

98 Printing 5 VA - 4 annas Devi & Ranjit Singh Portraits October 1941 % anna Bluish Gray Cream Paper part of 6,400 Printed Vt anna Light Gray Cream Paper part of 6,400 Printed V* anna Greenish Gray White Paper part of 6,400 Printed Bigs Wm n mm IHAU-AHNA KJ ^[BTUT flhi 1!! *XE&3ELaS*\ Avrt=i:i.? Vi anna Green to Dark Green 6,400 Printed 1 anna Dull Chocolate 6,400 Printed 2 annas Bright Purple 3,200 Printed 4 annas Dull Greenish Olive 2,400 Printed 34 anna Green 6,400 Printed 4 annas Sage Green 1,600 Printed The Devi Singh stamps of printing 5 are the last Devi Singh stamps printed in a "narrow printing". All values of the Devi Singh stamp were issued with this printing. As was true for the previous narrow printings, the sheets do not have top, right or bottom margins. Like the Devi Singh printing 4 for the quarter, two, and four annas, the booklet sheets have two staple holes. The major distinguishing feature between the three Devi Singh issues of printing 4 and the five Devi Singh issues of printing 5 is the mesh of the paper, printing 4 Devi Singh stamps are vertical mesh and printing 5 Devi Singh stamps are horizontal mesh. Only the half and four annas Ranjit Singh values were issued in printing 5. The half anna Ranjit Singh stamp is the last Ranjit Singh stamp to be printed in the "narrow printing". The sheets do not have a top, right or bottom margin. As was true with printing 4, the four annas Ranjit Singh printing 5 value is a "wide printing" and the second wide printing Barwani stamp issued. All subsequent Ranjit (and Devi) Singh stamps issued by Barwani are wide printings.

99 Printing 5 Vz anna Devi Singh Usages 10 September September 1944 Printed matter wrapper, one of two Barwani printed matter wrapper the exhibitor has seen. It indicates that the Barwani charge for printed matter, at least in the early 1940's, was half the ordinary letter rate. The wrapper was posted at Barwani City 10 September 1942 and sent to Rajpur. Possibly a double letter franked one and a half anna, the one anna ordinary letter rate plus a half anna for the next weight. This is one of two covers known to the exhibitor that appear to have extra franking due to a heavy letter. See later in the exhibit, printing 7, Ranjit Singh four annas used 23 June 1948 for the second example. Specialists believe the Indian Imperial Post carried Barwani's heavy letters and parcels.

100 Printing 5 1 anna Devi Singh Usages 27 March March 1945 One anna printing 5 stamp paying the ordinary letter rate for a cover posted at Barwani City 27 March 1943 and sent to Pansemal. Note the unusual machine made blue paper European style envelope and the use of both Hindi and English in addressing the envelope. ' \ it'" T>/ A/A 77~A/<y RH/^- -y\^a) ^ J Nk".1. ^ v ^. ^rvv. < J A G r V K ^ y * t\ " ^A Bottom cover shows the common use of hand made envelopes in Barwani. Posted at Rajpur 20 March 1945 and sent to Barwani City arriving the same day.

101 Printing 5 2 annas Devi Singh Booklet October 1941 BARWANI STATE POSTAGE STAMPS (Rs. 4) 32 2 Annas S ~ ~ = L = 3 S H S S ~ =

102 Printing 5 2 annas Devi Singh Varieties October mm T 4.0 mm 3.8 mm. T 4.1 mm 2 annas Bright Purple, White Paper 2 annas Bright Purple, Toned Paper 3.8 mm 4 annas Dull Greenish Olive, White Paper Top sheets show that printing 5 stamps come in both white and cream paper. There is interleaving paper between each sheet in a booklet; it is a toned, hard, semi-transparent piece of tissue paper. Bottom sheet shows a sheet of four annas printed on white paper with the dimensions between the vertical and horizontal pairs of stamps in the sheet very similar to the dimensions seen for other printing 5 sheets.

103 Printing 5 Vz & 4 annas Ranjit Singh Flaws & Usage October May 1945 I^Chunk missing from lower left corner. 2. Lower left comer shaved off. > 3. No new flaws 4. Dent in left frame close to the top comer. VT. anna Printing 5, cliches 1,2/ 3, 4 October 1941 m i FZ'~:y^^;y.,': y.u 4 annas Printing 5, cliches 1, 4/3, 2 October 1941 The half anna Ranjit Singh green printing 5 is a "narrow printing". Rather than using only one cliche for the half anna printing (only cliche 3 was used in printing 2) all four cliches were used. Note that three of the cliches, all except cliche 3, have new flaws since the printing of the Ranjit Singh half anna stamp. The four annas Ranjit Singh sage green printing 5 was a "wide printing". The cliches are arranged 1, 4/3, 2. There are new flaws for this Printing 5 but they are less visible than the new flaws of the half anna Printing 5. The registered cover was posted at Rajpur on 21 May 1945 franked with a copy of the four annas Ranjit Singh printing 5, cliche 2 and sent locally.

104 Printing 5 4 annas Ranjit Singh Usages??? October 1942 Registered envelope (handmade) posted at Barwani City in 1944 and sent locally, most likely arriving the same day. Once again the order of the cliches were changed to 1, 4/3, 2 from the Printing 4 setting of 1,2 / 3, Large part registered cover has cliche 3 of the four annas greenish olive, printing 5. Posted locally at Pansemal 1 October 1942 and received the same day. The Barwani State Postal Service followed the practice of not applying a receiving postmark if a cover was sent within a town, even if the item was registered. (RPSL 11S38429October 1980)

105 Printing 6 VA to 4 annas Devi & Ranjit Singh Portraits March annas Rose Carmine 400 Printed Vt anna Bluish Gray 3,200 Printed H anna Light to Dark Green 8,000 Printed 1 anna Chocolate 3,200 Printed 4 annas Yellow Olive 800 Printed "J V lj&.? '. &pi I'.,.. Vt anna Bluish Gray 3,200 Printed % anna Green 8,000 Printed 1 anna Chocolate 3,200 Printed 2 annas Rose Carmine 400 Printed The paper of printing 6 stamps is normally very white, fine grained, unmeshed wove but sometimes shows toning which maybe due to the Indian climate. The Devi Singh stamps of printing 6 are the first complete set of Devi Singh stamps printed as a "wide printing". The sheets have margins on all four sides with one staple in the left sheet margin. In the exhibitors opinion the second most difficult basic Gibbons cataloged Barwani stamp to acquire, after the one anna brown-red of is the Devi Singh two annas rose carmine of printing 6. I have found this to be the case even though the Ranjit Singh two annas rose carmine of printing 6 also had only 400 printed. The Ranjit Singh stamps of printing 6 are also the first complete set of Ranjit Singh stamps (the four annas is shown later) printed in the "wide printing". Like the Devi Singh printing 6, the sheets have margins on all four sides with the sheets stapled into booklets with one staple in the left sheet margin.

106 Printing 6 VA & Vz anna Devi Singh Cliche Flaws March 1945 Cliche 3, Printing 5 J J Cliche 3, Printing 6 Vt anna Printing 5, March 1945 Cliche 2 Printing 6 Cliche 4, Early Printing 6 Cliche 4, Late Printing 6 % anna Printing 6, March 1945 The sheets of the Devi Singh printing 6 are 12 mm wider and 11 mm longer than the previous narrow printings. In the quarter anna printing 6, cliche 3 shows a new flaw, the bottom frame has a crack half way between the right corner and the lower value label. The only subsequent quarter anna printing, printing 9, has this flaw touched up. The half anna setting 6 has two new flaws, cliche 2 has a dent in the left frame at the top corner and cliche 4 shows the upper right corner deteriorating during printing.

107 Printing 6 Vz anna Devi Singh Post Card Usages 21 October November 1945 Post card franked with a half anna, printing 6, Devi Singh stamp. Posted at Khetia 21 October 1945 and sent to Barwani City, arriving the same day. Note the exceptionally fine condition for a Barwani post card. f I m <tf 5 << u X A^~ '.r-> i.tyx Post card franked with a half anna Devi Singh stamp, printing 6, with bottom margin that shows the gauge 11 perforations used by Barwani exclusively since printing 2. The post card was sent from Barwani City 26 November 1945 to Rajpur.

108 Printing 6 1 anna Devi Singh Usages 22 July September 1945 Ordinary letter franked one anna Devi Singh printing 6 on a hand made envelope produced from a newspaper with an "economy label" pasted on the envelope to provide a blank space to write an address. Posted at Anjar on 22 July 1946 and sent to Barwani City. 5 " ''' >12 M u ra < * r l n t r j n I a.5_,->- 8i 53 C SSfSSSiBSSa 7f TF7=±f lis Im i R&^iPPU![ 0WEANNAflfT i "^ ^ff t-q-tw-jij»sib«retu'j-j t \ V Registered cover franked with a sheet of one anna Devi Singh, printing 6, margins removed. Palsud 14 September 1946 and sent to Barwani City. Posted at

109 Printing 6 2 & 4 annas Devi Singh Portraits March May 1945 For Barwani, large printings of the two annas (3,200) and four annas (2,400) Devi Singh stamps in October 1941 (Printing 5), and relatively light demand for registered mail franking in Barwani is a possible reason for the small quantity of two annas (400) and four annas (800) Devi Singh issues for printing 6. Barwani City cancel that was not used frequently.?} Barwani City cancel that was not used frequently 23 (April or August) Printed, 2 annas Devi Singh, Printing Printed 4 annas Devi Singh Printing 6 Four annas Devi Singh printing 6 franking on registered cover posted at Pansemal 5 May 1945 to Barwani City, arriving 6 May Second month use of the March 1945, printing 6, four annas Devi Singh.

110 Printing 6 2 annas Devi Singh Usage 4 March 1946 Two annas Devi Singh printing 6 pair franking this registered cover posted at Khetia 4 March 1946 to Barwani City, arriving 5 March V P * 1 v, > \ z r p i Aic%4 w 7?<7t# r ^ fffa T ^ T $ «s ^~ ^ w rz/ y". y fsw4 ) >* % I ^ j U f y l j y ^ ^ In the exhibitor's opinion the second most difficult basic Gibbons cataloged Barwani stamp to acquire on cover, after the one anna brown-red of is the Devi Singh two annas rose carmine of printing 6. this cover was acquired after over 20 years of searching for such a cover.

111 Printing 6 4 annas Devi Singh Usages 10 October December 1946 Registered cover franked with a four annas Devi Singh printing 6 stamp with full bottom margin. Posted at Pansemal on 10 October 1946 and received at Barwani City, 11 October FOUS y -^ V "r % yi\ 40 I *}d. Registered cover franked with a printing 6, four annas Devi Singh stamp. Posted at Pansemal 27 December 1946 and sent to Barwani City, arriving 29 December The top cover was posted two and a half months prior to this cover and has a Pansemal registration number of 226, the bottom cover has a Pansemal registration number of 690, implying that Pansemal posted an average of 185 registered letters a month.

112 Printing 6 VA & Vz anna Ranjit Singh Sheets March August 1948 Printing 6 of the quarter anna Ranjit Singh stamp is the first printing of this value in almost twelve years. The previous printing was in July 1933 when a whopping (for Barwani) 9,600 quarter anna Ranjit Singh stamps were issued in printing 2. Printing 6 was for 3,200 stamps and has the plate rearranged 3,2 /1, * < 'MH^M'/> rw-irwjcj P I The printing 6 half anna Ranjit Singh also had its plate rearranged 1,3 / 2,4. In printing 5 of October 1941 the cliches are arranged 1,2 / 3,4, the original arrangement. In the past we could attribute the half anna Ranjit Singh cliches being rearranged due to the cliches being used to produce half anna Barwani State post cards. This is not the case for this rearrangement as Devi Singh half anna post cards replaced Ranjit Singh post cards in Printed matter wrapper, only the second found by this exhibitor in over three decades collecting Barwani. The half anna pays the Barwani printed matter rate for a wrapper posted at Barwani City 30 August 1948, destination city uncertain.

113 Printing 6 Vz anna Ranjit Singh Booklet Format March »*.*«-!* *» ' The printing 6 Ranjit Singh half anna booklet consists of eight sheets of four stamps. The cover and interleaving are of the same material, a creamy semi-transparent piece of hard tissue paper. The outside piece of tissue paper had no printing on it. A single staple bound the booklet sheets, interleaving cover, and backing together.

114 Printing 6 1 anna Ranjit Singh Sheet & Usage March June 1947 The printing 6 one anna Ranjit Singh stamp is the first printing of this value in six years, back in March 1939, 4,000 one anna Ranjit Singh stamps were issued in printing 4. This printing 6 was for 3,200 stamps and has the plate rearranged 4,3 /1,2. Note the new flaw in cliche 4, a dent in the left frame close to the bottom. This flaw is present in the final printing of the one anna Ranjit Singh stamp in Printing 4, March 1939 Cliche 4, no dent in the left frame close to the bottom Ordinary letter franked with a one anna Ranjit Singh printing 6 stamp, cliche 1. Note the white paper of the stamp on the cover versus the cream colored paper of the sheet. The cover was posted at Palsud on 10 June 1947 and received at Barwani City on 11 June 1947.

115 Printing 6 Vz & 2 annas Ranjit Singh Sheet & Usage March September 1945 For Barwani 7arge" printings of the two annas Devi Singh stamp in October 1933 (4,000) and March 1939 (2,000) and a 7arge" printing (2,000) of the two annas Ranjit Singh stamp in March 1939 are the best explanation for the small. 400 stamp, two annas Ranjit Singh, printing 6. This is the smallest Ranjit Singh stamp printing of any value recorded in the archives. 400 Printed 2 annas Devi Singh, Printing < A l \ Half anna, cliche 1,printing 6, Ranjit Singh franking on a home made post card. Posted at Silawad 3 September 1945 and sent to Barwani City, arriving the same day. The half anna Ranjit Singh printing 6 was for 8,000 stamps, very large for Barwani standards.

116 Printing 6 March annas Ranjit Singh Booklet & Sheet Like the two annas Ranjit Singh printing 6, the four annas Ranjit Singh printing 6 is a small printing, only 800 stamps were printed. The cliches are also rearranged 2, 1/4, 3. an arrangement previously unrecorded. r ^ 2 1 m 4 3 '»* 9» t jfinwi. i-hi.-_- «9 M I! I i»% t u a h»i i l±mizr~y} The four annas printing 6 was issued in booklets of eight sheets. The booklet shown above, first three sheets removed and two sheets missing, has a cover and interleaving that consist of the same material, a creamy, transparent, hard, tissue paper. The outside pieces of tissue paper have no printing on them. A single staple binds the booklet sheets, interleaving, cover, and backing together.

117 Printing 6 4 annas Ranjit Singh Usages 1 January January 1948 Registered cover franked with a four annas Ranjit Singh stamp, printing 6, used in the last six months of the Barwani State postal service. Posted at Anjar on New Years Day, 1 January 1948 and received at Barwani City, 2 January Registered cover franked with a four annas Ranjit Singh stamp, printing 6, also used in the last six months of the Barwani State postal service. Posted at Silawad on 25 January 1948 and received at Barwani City the same day.

118 Printing VA - 4 annas Devi & Ranjit Singh Portraits The Barwani State postal archives do not have information on printings 7 to 9; we do not know the dates of issue or quantities produced for these Barwani stamps. Printing 7 booklets have printed front covers of tissue paper, are held together with two staples and the sheets have very wide top and bottom margins. All Devi Singh values were printed except the quarter anna and two annas. The quarter, two and four annas Ranjit Singh values were issued in printing 7 and the Ranjit Singh printings were apparently large; the four annas is one of the most "common" Ranjit Singh four anna stamps. 1 anna Dull Chocolate Vi anna Bright Green 4 annas Yellow Olive Vt anna Deep Gray 2 annas Rose Carmine 4 annas Pale Sage Green The paper used for the printing 7 stamps is unusual, it is a rough and coarse, slightly toned, wove paper, vertical mesh, often with minute brown bits of vegetable matter present. MacGillycuddy described these tiny brown bits as "undigested vegetable matter." The term "undigested" seems inappropriate and has been dropped from this exhibit.

119 Printing 7 Devi Singh Sheet Layout 1947 ff^^^^ww 8 u '"' wllwi ill jfik "^fy lohe l ANHAijli^STRfl ibifisf-^rf's^w^ '-'. i J Vz anna Bright Green 1 anna Dull Chocolate ^ ^ ^ ^ l i i s i i i uruis towpmwlk&w FOUR m A. FJ -on BPT if ««P:I «< Vi< 4 annas Yellow Olive Printing 7 sheets are substantially larger than previous printings as the top and bottom margins, measuring from the edge of the stamp, are 21 to 24 mm wide versus 7 to 8.5 mm for printing 6. The brown specks of vegetable matter are normally quite visible in the margins of the sheet. Except for the last printing of the quarter anna Devi Singh stamp in 1948, the cliche arrangement of Devi Singh stamps never changes from 1,2/3,4.

120 Printing 7 Vz anna Devi Singh Booklet 1947 if * B 3 2 S T A M P S V a l u e Re. 1/- I / ^ n The half anna Devi Singh printing 7 was issued in stamp booklets of eight sheets. The front cover is the same type of toned tissue paper as the interleaving paper. The booklets are bound with two staples in the left margin.

121 Printing anna Devi Singh Booklet 3 2 S T A M P S V a l u e Rs. 2/- Like the half anna Devi Singh printing 7 booklets, the one anna printing 7 booklets were sold to the public in booklets of eight sheets. Each sheet of stamps is separated from another sheet by a piece of interleaving paper, a toned, semi-transparent, hard, piece of tissue paper. The number of stamps in the booklet and the value of "Rs. 2/-" is printed in bold sans-serifed characters on the piece of interleaving used as a cover of the booklet. The booklets are bound with two staples in the right margins.

122 Printing 7 1 & 4 annas Devi Singh Usages 29 September October 1947 Late usage of the four annas Devi Singh printing 7 franking a registered letter. Posted at Palsud 29 September 1947 and sent to Rajpur, without a visible receiving mark on the address side. y l T&f? ' A A A A ^ Late usage of the one anna Devi Singh printing 7 franking an ordinary letter. Posted at Silawad 13 October 1947 and sent to Pansemal, with a Barwani City transit mark of 13 October The cover contains a letter in Hindi with a manuscript date that matches the postmark date. i

123 Printing VA, 2 and 4 annas Ranjit Singh Cliche Arrangement CEB^^^D ' mjal.jm i: 8*8*33: VS'iSi (: 1 /4 anna Deep Gray, cliches arranged 1,4/ 2, 3 Sp^^.itu sniff s:, itl ^j)! vwll m r ^ m m annas Rose Carmine, cliches arranged 2, 3/4,1 4 annas Pale Sage Green, cliches arranged 3, 4/1,2 All three Printing 7 Ranjit Singh values shown on this page had their cliches rearranged from the March 1945 cliche arrangement. There is no reason we know of for the cliches of these three values to be rearranged, it just happened! The quarter anna is now 1, 4/2, 3; it was 3, 2/1, 4. The two annas is now 2, 3/4, 1 it was 4, 1/3, 2. The four annas is now 3, 4/1, 2; it was 4, 1/3, 2..

124 Printing annas Ranjit Singh Booklet Format 3 2 S T A M P! A Value Rs. 4/-»«* #] *»» W» '» «f f l( >*»* # < I wil^i Similar to other printing 7 issues, the two annas Ranjit Singh printing 7 stamps were sold to the public in booklets of eight sheets. Interleaving paper is a toned, semi-transparent, hard tissue paper. The number of stamps and value of "Rs. 4" is printed in bold sans-serifed characters on the piece of interleaving used as a cover to the booklet. The booklets are bound with two staples in the left margin. The number of stamps printed is not known but, in contrast to the March 1945 printing 6 issue of only 400 stamps, it is assumed to be large, probably in the thousands of stamps.

125 Printing 7 4 annas Ranjit Singh Booklet Format [ ) r ~ 7 isssji 3 2 S T A - " V a l u e Rs. 8/- Like other printing 7 issues, the four annas Ranjit Singh printing 7 stamps were sold to the public in booklets of eight sheets. We showed that the four annas Ranjit Singh printing 6 booklet only had six sheets indicating the Barwani State Post Office had a change in policy between the March 1945 printing 6 and the post March 1945 printing 7. The number of stamps printed is not known but, in contrast to the March 1945 printing 6 issue of only 800 stamps, it is assumed to be large, probably in the thousands of stamps.

126 Printing 7 4 annas Ranjit Singh Usages 13 April June 1948 Four annas brownish olive color variety Ranjit Singh printing 7, cliche 2, used to frank a registered cover. Posted at Rajpur 13 April 1947 and sent to Barwani City. HW 'HP v l h' ^ '*> (fr a* * & & g.,! 'I?,l* ^ <*r h j 'tr to ixr S tf /tr hc " & r» *, to*-* > -- 'T ns One of two overweight covers this exhibitor has seen from Barwani with combined commercial use of both the four annas Ranjit Singh and one anna Devi Singh printing 7 stamps on one cover. We believe most overweight covers were carried by the India Postal Service. The four annas Ranjit Sing stamp pays the three annas registration fee and 1 anna ordinary letter rate and the one anna Devi Singh pays the extra weight charge. Posted at Rajpur on 23 June 1948, a week before the Barwani State Postal Service terminated, and sent to Barwani City.

127 Printing 8 1 anna Devi & Ranjit Singh Early April 1948 if : - i^*1 1 anna Devi Singh Chocolate 1 anna Ranjit Singh Deep Brown 77*f l^.^ttr3?i(jft«(vrfr\ ^KtfVn,< y "yl 31 uil ^'I^A Printing 8 consists of only two issues, a one anna Devi Singh and a one anna Ranjit Singh value. Like printing 6, the top and bottom sheet margins are small. The sheets have two unusual aspects, first the perforation gauge is 8.5 rather than the standard 11 and second the booklet is bound with twine rather than a staple. Bottom cover franked with a one anna Devi Singh printing 8 and posted at Barwani City 25 April 1948 and sent to Anjar arriving five days later on 30 April 1948.

128 Printing 8 1 anna Ranjit Singh Booklet Format Early Printing 8 Ranjit Singh one anna stamps were sold to the public in booklets of eight sheets. The booklet is bound with twine like the early Barwani booklets indicating that the two printing 8 issues were an emergency printing of the most heavily used value. The sheets of stamps are separated with interleaving paper of a white (rather than toned), semi-transparent, hard tissue paper. A major difference in the booklet format is that the outer cover and backing of the booklet is a manila stock with what appears to be a handstamp in violet sans-serif letters: "32 STAMPS] VALUERS. 2/-". This is the last printing of the Ranjit Singh one anna stamp and the sheet is once again rearranged 4,2 / 3,1. unusual gauge 8.5 perforations were done by hand. The

129 Printing 8 1 anna Ranjit Singh Usages 3 January February 1948 One anna brown Ranjit Singh printing 8 franking an ordinary cover. Posted at Pansemal 4 January 1948 and sent to Barwani City. This stamp was in use only until 30 June 1948 when the Barwani Postal Service closed. e***a} *h\ <iwtf yy+- «*v* ^fo<f srpf jnsi,^<rm%r&y7&rr A c - \ A fi I Four copies of the Ranjit Singh printing 8 one anna deep brown franking a registered cover. Note the deep brown shade of the four stamps on the bottom cover versus the brown shade of the stamp on the top cover. Posted at Rajpur 25 February 1948 and sent to Barwani City.

130 Printing 9 VA anna Ranjit Singh Varieties Vt anna Gray Black Devi Singh, White Paper Vt anna Gray Black Ranjit Singh, Off-white Paper Barwani's last printing consists of only two issues, quarter anna Devi and Ranjet Singh stamps in gray black, gauge 11 perforation. These quarter anna stamps were issued right before the Barwani State Postal Service ended probably as philatelic packet material. The only used item seen by the exhibitor is the above cover, dated 10 January 1948, correctly rated as a registered cover but philatelic in nature. The cliche arrangement of the two issues is unusual. The Devi Singh sheet has the cliches rearranged and the Ranjit Singh retains the previous cliche arrangement. This is the only Devi Singh issue to have its cliches rearranged.

131 Printing VA anna Devi Singh Booklet Format 0 " «r»aftft4 32, STAMPS VALUE AS. 8 \ ) T I Printing 9 Devi Singh quarter anna stamps were sold in booklets of eight sheets. Like booklet formats since March 1945 printing 6, each sheet of stamps is separated from another sheet by a piece of interleaving paper, a toned, semi-transparent, hard piece of tissue paper. Like printing 7 issues, and unlike printing 8 issues which were bound with twine, the printing 9 booklets are again bound with two staples in the left margin.

132 Printing 9 VA anna Ranjit Singh Booklet Format 1948 C ~ > r ^ > i...? «32 STAMPS fi'^-c ^" WK> TA VALUE AS. 8. Printing 9 Ranjit Singh quarter anna stamps were also sold to the public in booklets of eight sheets. The sheets have top and bottom margins that are bigger than the printing 6 and 8 margins and smaller than the printing 7 margins. The quarter anna Ranjit Singh printing 9 sheets differ from the quarter anna Ranjit Singh printing 7 and the quarter anna Devi Singh printing 9 sheets by being noticeably wider than either of these issues.

133 Clandestine Reprints VA anna Ranjit Singh "Proofs' 1970's LAST PRINTING Printing 9, Ranjit Singh, quarter anna In the 1970's the actual cliches used to produce Barwani stamps from 1917 to 1948 fell into the hands of fakers who manufactured clandestine reprint "proofs and stamps". All four cliches of the Ranjit Singh values from the quarter to the two annas were so used and at least cliches 1 and 4 of the four annas. The "die proofs" of the quarter anna have the same cliche arrangement and distance between stamps as the last printing 9 in 1948.

134 Clandestine Reprints 1970's VA & Vz Devi Singh Post March 1945 Printing 7 The actual cliches of at least two Devi Singh values fell into the hands of those producing clandestine reprints. The cliches were uo^u to n e proofs ui va,,_