VOLUME 10 NUMBER 1 JANUARY 2019

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2 ECOSPHERE AN ESA OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL Editor-in-Chief DEBRA P. C. PETERS Associate Editors-in-Chief LUCAS N. JOPPA SHANNON LADEAU ROBERT R. PARMENTER BOARD OF EDITORS MICHAEL F. ALLEN GINGER R. ALLINGTON MADHUR ANAND DAVID M. BELL TANYA BERGER-WOLF FRANCO BIONDI W. ALICE BOYLE DAWN M. BROWNING JESSE L. BRUNNER MARY CADENASSO JAMES W. CAIN III CHARLES D. CANHAM STEPHANIE M. CARLSON IADINE CHADÈS F. STUART CHAPIN III THERESA M. CRIMMINS WYATT CROSS JUDY CUSHING CHARLENE D AVANZO BISTRA DILKINA MICHAEL DUNIWAY DIANE EBERT-MAY NANCY C. EMERY FEI FANG SCOTT FERRENBERG ALLISON M. GARDNER ERIC M. GESE LAUREANO GHERARDI MARGHERITA GIORIA NOEL GURWICK KAREN A. HAUBENSAK JOSEPH D. HOLBROOK LEAH R. JOHNSON KRISTOFER D. JOHNSON JULIA JONES ANDREW M. KRAMER CONRAD C. LABANDEIRA JOSÉ J. LAHOZ-MONFORT JOSEPH A. LAMANNA HUNTER S. LENIHAN CHRISTOPHER LEPCZYK CARRIE LEVINE RYAN A. MARTIN BROOKE MASLO CORY MEROW GEORGE MIDDENDORF CHARLES E. MITCHELL SETH NEWSOME UFFE NIELSEN TROY W. OCHELTREE GREG OKIN YUDE PAN JOSE M. PARUELO MICHAEL PERRING STEWARD T. A. PICKETT SEAN P. POWERS SUJITH RAVI ERIC RIBBENS T AI ROULSTON REBECCA J. ROWE KEIRITH SNYDER DEREK TITTENSOR TOBIAS VAN KOOTEN JONATHAN A. WALTER ANDREW R. WARGO PAIGE S. WARREN ROBERT WASHINGTON-ALLEN JASON WEST JULIE C. ZINNERT GUY ZIV SARAH M. ZOHDY ESA GOVERNING BOARD LAURA HUENNEKE, President OSVALDO SALA, President-Elect RICH POUYAT, Past-President JAYNE BELNAP, Vice President for Science EVAN DELUCIA, Vice President for Finance FRANK DAVIS, Vice President for Public Affairs PAMELA TEMPLER, Vice President for Education and Human Resources JESSICA GUREVITCH, Secretary GILLIAN BOWSER, Member-at-Large MANUEL MORALES, Member-at-Large KATHLEEN TRESEDER, Member-at-Large 2019 The Ecological Society of America. Ecosphere is an open access journal published monthly on behalf of the Ecological Society of America by Wiley Periodicals, Inc., a Wiley Company, 111 River St., Hoboken, NJ USA. It is available online only, free of charge, at wileyonlinelibrary.com. ESA Headquarters: 1990 M Street NW, Suite 700, Washington, DC USA Tel , Fax , esahq@esa.org

3 CONTENTS ECOSPHERE COVER PHOTO: A sunflower star (Pycnopodia helianthoides) moves through eelgrass (Zostera marina) in Barkley Sound, British Columbia, Canada. Whippo et al. (Ecosphere Volume 9, Issue 11, Article e02490; doi /ecs2.2490) estimated biodiversity patterns at fine, meadow, and seascape scales to explore whether seagrass-associated biodiversity patterns are consistent with spatial processes such as abiotic habitat filtering or metacommunity dynamics. The authors found that epifaunal community composition varied as much over a few meters within the same meadow as among meadows separated by kilometers and of different sizes and wave exposures. Photo credit: Ross Whippo. Article Quantifying specialist avifaunal decline in grassland birds of the Northern Great Plains. Maureen D. Correll, Erin H. Strasser, Adam W. Green, and Arvind O. Panjabi Ecosphere Naturalist Running scared: when predators become prey. Tamlyn M. Engelbrecht, Alison A. Kock, and M. Justin O'Riain An indicator-based decision framework for the northern California red abalone fishery. William J. Harford, Natalie A. Dowling, Jeremy D. Prince, Frank Hurd, Lyall Bellquist, Jack Likins, and Jono R. Wilson Pyrogenic flowering of Aristida beyrichiana following 50 years of fire exclusion. Timothy M. Shearman, J. Morgan Varner, and Jesse K. Kreye Group effects of a non-native plant invasion on rodent abundance. Bryan M. Kluever, Trinity N. Smith, and Eric M. Gese River-valley morphology, basin size, and flow-event magnitude interact to produce wide variation in flooding dynamics. Molly Van Appledorn, Matthew E. Baker, and Andrew J. Miller Using multiple data sources to investigate foraging niche partitioning in sympatric obligate avian scavengers. Michael E. Byrne, Amanda E. Holland, Kelsey L. Turner, A. Lawrence Bryan, and James C. Beasley Intermittent flooding of organic-rich soil promotes the formation of denitrification hot moments and hot spots. Abigail A. Tomasek, Miki Hondzo, Jessica L. Kozarek, Christopher Staley, Ping Wang, Nicole Lurndahl, and Michael J. Sadowsky Plant phenological sensitivity to climate change on the Tibetan Plateau and relative to other areas of the world. Ji Suonan, Aimée T. Classen, Nathan J. Sanders, and Jin-Sheng He Marsh bird occupancy along the shoreline-to-forest gradient as marshes migrate from rising sea level. Paul J. Taillie and Christopher E. Moorman Top-down pressure on a coastal ecosystem by harbor seals. Geert Aarts, Sophie Brasseur, Jan Jaap Poos, Jessica Schop, Roger Kirkwood, Tobias van Kooten, Evert Mul, Peter Reijnders, Adriaan D. Rijnsdorp, and Ingrid Tulp Predator, prey, and substrate interactions: the role of faunal activity and substrate characteristics. K. L. Mathers, S. P. Rice, and P. J. Wood Deciphering seed dispersal decisions: Size, not tannin content, drives seed fate and survival in a tropical forest. Erin K. Kuprewicz and Carlos García-Robledo Wood decomposition is more rapid on than off termite mounds in an African savanna. Erik Francis Acanakwo, Douglas Sheil, and Stein R. Moe Erratum Erratum for Hurricane disturbance and forest dynamics in east Caribbean mangroves CONTINUES ON NEXT PAGE

4 Evaluating the popularity of R in ecology. Jiangshan Lai, Christopher J. Lortie, Robert A. Muenchen, Jian Yang, and Keping Ma Asian needle ant ( Brachyponera chinensis ) and woodland ant responses to repeated applications of fuel reduction methods. Joshua W. Campbell, Steven M. Grodsky, Dale A. Halbritter, Patrick A. Vigueira, Cynthia C. Vigueira, Oliver Keller, and Cathryn H. Greenberg Assessing the long-term carbon-sequestration potential of the semi-natural salt marshes in the European Wadden Sea. Peter Mueller, Nils Ladiges, Alexander Jack, Gerhard Schmiedl, Lars Kutzbach, Kai Jensen, and Stefanie Nolte Climate will increasingly determine post-fire tree regeneration success in low-elevation forests, Northern Rockies, USA. Kerry B. Kemp, Philip E. Higuera, Penelope Morgan, and John T. Abatzoglou Plant pollinator networks in grassland working landscapes reveal seasonal shifts in network structure and composition. Cayla R. Bendel, Katherine C. Kral-O'Brien, Torre J. Hovick, Ryan F. Limb, and Jason P. Harmon Special Feature: High-Energy Storms Reef-to-ridge ecological perspectives of high-energy storm events in northeast Australia. Stephen M. Turton Variable color patterns influence continental range size and species area relationships on islands. Markus Franzén, Anders Forsman, and Per-Eric Betzholtz Effects of street lighting technologies on the success and quality of pollination in a nocturnally pollinated plant. Callum J. Macgregor, Michael J. O. Pocock, Richard Fox, and Darren M. Evans Extreme winter warm event causes exceptionally early bud break for many woody species. Laura M. Ladwig, Jennifer L. Chandler, Peter W. Guiden, and Jonathan J. Henn Using otolith chronologies to understand long-term trends and extrinsic drivers of growth in fisheries. Jasmin C. Martino, Anthony J. Fowler, Zoë A. Doubleday, Gretchen L. Grammer, and Bronwyn M. Gillanders A threefold difference in plant growth response to nitrogen addition between the laboratory and field experiments. Xiaoni Xu, Liming Yan, and Jianyang Xia Growth and quality of Fagus sylvatica saplings depend on seed source, site, and browsing intensity. Aline Frank, Caroline Heiri, and Andrea D. Kupferschmid The trophic ecology of a desert river fish assemblage: influence of season and hydrologic variability. Kathrine E. Behn and Colden V. Baxter Are avian population targets achievable through programs that restore habitat on private-lands? Bryan M. Reiley, Kirk W. Stodola, and Thomas J. Benson How to combine two methods to restore populations cost effectively. Adam Lampert and Alan Hastings Site-specific differences in the spatial ecology of northern cottonmouths. Zackary J. Delisle, Dean Ransom Jr., William I. Lutterschmidt, and Johanna Delgado-Acevedo Artificial reforestation produces less diverse soil nitrogen-cycling genes than natural restoration. Yun Wang, Hua Zheng, Falin Chen, Yunfeng Yang, Jing Zeng, Joy D. Van Nostrand, Jizhong Zhou, and Zhiyun Ouyang Life in a northern town: rural villages in the boreal forest are islands of habitat for an endangered bat. Julie P. Thomas and Thomas S. Jung Variation in spawning phenology within salmon populations influences landscape-level patterns of brown bear activity. William W. Deacy, William B. Leacock, Jack A. Stanford, and Jonathan B. Armstrong Recoupling fire and grazing reduces wildland fuel loads on rangelands. Heath D. Starns, Samuel D. Fuhlendorf, R. Dwayne Elmore, Dirac Twidwell, Eric T. Thacker, Torre J. Hovick, and Barney Luttbeg Native herbivores enhance the resistance of an anthropogenically disturbed salt marsh to Spartina alterniflora invasion. Zhonghua Ning, Tian Xie, Zezheng Liu, Junhong Bai, and Baoshan Cui Influence of phylogeny and abiotic factors varies across early and late reproductive phenology of Himalayan Rhododendrons. Shweta Basnett, Shivaprakash K. Nagaraju, Gudasalamani Ravikanth, and Soubadra M. Devy Demography of evergreen and deciduous oaks in a mixed oak savanna: insights from a long-term experiment. Frank W. Davis, Claudia M. Tyler, and Bruce E. Mahall Erratum Erratum for Restoration increases bee abundance and richness but not pollination in remnant and post-agricultural woodland

5 AIMS & SCOPE The scope of Ecosphere is as broad as the science of ecology itself. The journal welcomes submissions from all sub-disciplines of ecological science, as well as interdisciplinary studies relating to ecology. The journal s goal is to provide a rapid-publication, online- only, open-access alternative to ESA s other journals, while maintaining the rigorous standards of peer review for which ESA publications are renowned. OPEN ACCESS AND COPYRIGHT All articles published in Ecosphere are fully open access: immediately freely available to read, download and share. All Ecosphere articles are published under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution License. Copyright on any article in Ecosphere is retained by the author(s). Authors grant Wiley a license to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher. Further information about copyright and the choice of open access licenses can be found at content/12f25db4c87/copyright License.html DISCLAIMER The views expressed in this journal are not necessarily those of the Publisher, the Ecological Society of America, the Governing Board, the Editor-in-Chief, or members of the Advisory and Editorial Boards. Those parties cannot be held responsible for errors or any consequences arising from the use of information contained in this journal. ESA Membership Information: visit Us for Customer Service ESA Members: membership@esa.org Institutions/Libraries: cs-journals@wiley.com Subscription Agents: cs-agency@wiley.com Publications Staff Director of Publishing: Steven Sayre, steve@esa.org Peer Review Manager: Ellen Cotter, ellen@esa.org Peer Review Manager: Anne Marie Whelan, annemarie@esa.org Peer Review Specialist: Heather Carlo, heather@esa.org Peer Review Specialist: Sarah Schneider, sarah@esa.org Peer Review Assistant: Brad Walker, bradley@esa.org