2. Potato / HARS / CPB Large Plot Demonstration

Transcription

1 . Potato / HARS / CPB Large Plot Demonstration Full season insecticide management programs for Colorado Potato Beetle and insect vectors of plant diseases Hancock Agricultural Research Station Hancock, Wisconsin, USA.97ºN, -9.9ºW Crop: Potato, Solanum tuberosum cv. Russet Burbank Treatments: full-season systemic / foliar treatment programs Targets:. Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata). Potato Leafhopper (Empoasca fabae). Potato Aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) and other colonizing aphid species on potato Purpose The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate various full-season, reduced-risk, insecticide programs designed to manage Colorado potato beetle (CPB) on potatoes in Wisconsin. With developing nicotinoid insecticide tolerance among CPB populations in the potato production areas in Wisconsin, several systemic based and foliar-based programs were designed to evaluate their effectiveness on managing the CPB on potato. Materials and Methods Site. This experiment was conducted on a loamy sand soil in 7 at the Hancock Agricultural Research station (HARS) located. miles (. km) southwest of Hancock, Wisconsin (.97ºN, - 9.9ºW). Experimental Design. Four replicates of full-season insecticide programs that rotate mode of action chemistries to discourage development of insecticide resistance were arranged in a randomized complete block design (Table ). Furrows were cut using a commercial potato planter without closing discs attached. Potato, Solanum tuberosum cv. Russet Burbank, seed pieces were machine planted on April, 7 spaced approximately in. apart. Rows were spaced ft. center to center. The -row plots were feet wide by feet long, for a total of. acres/plot. Replicates were separated by either ft. or ft. tilled alleys. Treatments. Systemic insecticides were applied in-furrow at planting ( April for treatments -). Immediately after the in-furrow treatments were applied and all seed piece treatments were placed in open furrows, all seed was covered by hilling. The first generation foliar applications (treatments 7-) were made on June and July and were applied after peak egg hatch and prior to large larval population dominance. Systemic treatments (-) all required a rescue foliar application on June. Second generation CPB foliar applications were made to all treatments on July and. All in-furrow treatments were applied at. gpa on April using a two nozzle boom equipped with Tee Jet XR

2 Potato / HARS / CPB Systemic Trial flat fan spray nozzles powered by a CO backpack sprayer at psi. Subsequent in-season foliar insecticide applications were applied using this same equipment. See Table for a calendar of treatment and scouting events. Insect Counts. Colorado Potato Beetle (CPB) counts were taken for each life stage from randomly selected plants in each plot. CPBs were recorded in the following life stages: adults, egg masses, small larvae (roughly st - rd instars), large larvae ( th and th instars). Potato Leafhopper adults were sampled using sweep net techniques ( sweeps per plot). PLH nymphs and aphids were assessed by visual inspection of leaves per plot. CPB counts are reported in Tables - and Figures -. PLH nymphs, adults, and aphid counts are reported in Tables 7-9 and Figures -7. Plant Health. Defoliation (DF) ratings were taken by visual observation of the entire plot and scored -% - - Defoliation ratings are presented in Table and Figure. No signs of phytotoxicity of any treatments were observed. Harvest. A single row from each plot was harvested on Sept to determine yield and tuber quality. Tubers were graded using an AgRay Vision X-Ray grading machine which generated electronic measurements of tuber size and weight. The second-largest value of a tuber s dimension in the X, Y, and Z directions was considered its diameter and compared against the following USDA classification scheme: A-size tubers are larger than.7 in diameter, B-size tubers fall between.7 and., and C-size tubers fall below. diameter. Yields are reported in Tables and Figure 9. Data Analysis. Insect count data was log transformed (log( +)) prior to analysis. Main effects were determined using analysis of variance including both treatment and replicate effects. Means were performed in JMP version..

3 Potato / HARS / CPB Systemic Trial Table. Treatments Trt Target Product Form Rate ADJ Delivery App Date Week IRAC Group A st gen Platinum 7 SG.7 oz/a - In-Furrow -Apr X Blackhawk WG oz wt/a MSO Foliar -Jul X nd gen Minecto Pro.7 SC fl oz/a MSO Foliar -Jul X X Minecto Pro.7 SC. fl oz/a MSO Foliar -Jul X X st gen Belay. SC fl oz/a - In-Furrow -Apr X Agri-Mek.7 SC. fl oz/a MSO Foliar -Jul X nd gen Harvanta SL fl oz/a MSO Foliar -Jul X Harvanta SL fl oz/a MSO Foliar -Jul X st gen Belay. SC fl oz/a - In-Furrow -Apr X Agri-Mek.7 SC. fl oz/a MSO Foliar -Jul X nd gen Exirel SE. fl oz/a MSO Foliar -Jul X Exirel SE fl oz/a MSO Foliar -Jul X st gen Verimark SC. fl oz/a - In-Furrow -Apr X Blackhawk WG oz wt/a MSO Foliar -Jun X nd gen Venom 7 SG. oz wt/a A9 Foliar -Jul X Venom 7 SG. oz wt/a A9 Foliar -Jul X st gen Verimark SC. fl oz/a A9 In-Furrow -Apr X Blackhawk WG oz wt/a MSO Foliar -Jun X nd gen Scorpion. SL.7 fl oz/a A9 Foliar -Jul X Scorpion. SL. fl oz/a A9 Foliar -Jul X st gen AdmirePro. SC.7 fl oz/a - In-Furrow -Apr X Agri-Mek.7 SC. fl oz/a MSO Foliar -Jun X nd gen Besiege. ZC 9 fl oz/a MSO Foliar -Jul X X Besiege. ZC 7. fl oz/a MSO Foliar -Jul X X 7 st gen Rimon. EC fl oz/a A9 Foliar -Jun 7 X Rimon. EC fl oz/a A9 Foliar -Jun X nd gen Assail SG oz wt/a MSO Foliar -Jul X Assail SG. oz wt/a MSO Foliar -Jul X st gen Harvanta SL fl oz/a MSO Foliar -Jun 7 X Harvanta SL fl oz/a MSO Foliar -Jun X nd gen AdmirePro. SC. fl oz/a MSO Foliar -Jul X AdmirePro. SC. fl oz/a MSO Foliar -Jul X 9 st gen Besiege. ZC 9 fl oz/a MSO Foliar -Jun 7 X X Besiege. ZC 7. fl oz/a MSO Foliar -Jun X X nd gen Actara WDG oz wt/a A9 Foliar -Jul X Actara WDG. oz wt/a A9 Foliar -Jul X st gen Agri-Mek.7 SC. fl oz/a MSO Foliar -Jun 7 X Agri-Mek.7 SC fl oz/a MSO Foliar -Jun X nd gen Besiege. ZC 9 fl oz/a MSO Foliar -Jul X X Besiege. ZC 7. fl oz/a MSO Foliar -Jul X X st gen Blackhawk WG. oz wt/a A9 Foliar -Jun 7 X Blackhawk WG oz wt/a A9 Foliar -Jun X nd gen Belay. SC fl oz/a A9 Foliar -Jul X Belay. SC. fl oz/a A9 Foliar -Jul X st gen Coragen.7 SC 7. fl oz/a MSO Foliar -Jun 7 X Coragen.7 SC fl oz/a MSO Foliar -Jun X nd gen Scorpion. SL.7 fl oz/a A9 Foliar -Jul X Scorpion. SL. fl oz/a A9 Foliar -Jul X Adjuvants MSO and Activator 9 added at.% v/v. IRAC (Insecticide Resistance Action Committee) groups: : Pyrethroids; A: Neonicotinoids; : Spinosyns; : Avermectins; : Benzoylureas; : Diamides

4 Potato / HARS / CPB Systemic Trial Table. Trial Calendar Date Days Week Stand CPB PLH AD PLH NY APH DF Events Trial initiation -Apr Planting, At-plant systemics apps st Generation -Jun X -Jun X CPB precount 7-Jun X -Jun 7 X X X X X -Jun 7 Trts 7-: st app -Jun 7 Trts -: Rescue apps -Jun X X X X X -Jun 9 X X X -Jul 7 Trts 7-: nd app 7-Jul 7 X X nd Generation -Jul 77 All Trts rd app 7-Jul X X X X X -Jul All Trts th app -Jul 9 X X -Aug X X X X 9-Aug X X X X X -Aug X X X X X -Sep Harvest

5 Potato / HARS / CPB Systemic Trial Table. CPB Adult Counts Trt Products -Jun -Jun -Jun 7-Jul 7-Jul -Jul -Aug 9-Aug -Aug Cumul. Wk 7 Wk Wk Wk Wk Wk Wk Wk Wk Sum 7. ab...c ab..7 a... ab.. abc ab.. 7..b...c..... a... ab.. ab.. abc..... abc.. ab..bc ab.. a... ab de bcd.7 ab.7 a ab. 9..bc. ab.. a abcd. ab. a ab...bc. abc 7..bcde.. 9..bcd..b. a ab....c...c e......d. ab.7 a bc. a....bc.7.bcde bcd. ab. a ab.. a...7 ab..7 abcde.7..7 ab.. 9. ab.7 a c. abc...c....de...7..cd. ab. a ab.. a... a... ab a....7 a.. ab abc. abc.7..c...cde bcd. ab. a abc. abc. ab.. abcd abc. P=. P<. N.S. N.S. P<. P<. P<. P<. N.S. P<. Values are mean number of adults per plants. Means followed by same letter are not significantly different (Tukey s HSD,

6 Potato / HARS / CPB Systemic Trial Table. CPB Egg Mass Counts Trt Products -Jun -Jun -Jun 7-Jul 7-Jul -Jul -Aug 9-Aug -Aug Cumul. Wk 7 Wk Wk Wk Wk Wk Wk Wk Wk Sum 7 9. a...7 ab ab...b ab.. ab bc. ab abc.7 ab c. ab bc. a abc. a c.7 ab c. a c. ab c. a P<. P=. N.S. N.S. N.S. N.S. N.S. N.S. N.S. N.S. Values are mean number of egg masses per plants. Means followed by same letter are not significantly different (Tukey s HSD,

7 Potato / HARS / CPB Systemic Trial 7 Table. CPB Small Larvae Counts Trt Products -Jun -Jun -Jun 7-Jul 7-Jul -Jul -Aug 9-Aug -Aug Cumul. Wk 7 Wk Wk Wk Wk Wk Wk Wk Wk Sum 7 9. a... a.....bcde.7.bc a a... a... abc.....e...c a b.. a...7 a.... abcd.. ab a a...7.b.. ab......de...c a b...b.. a......cde 9..bc abcd....b. 7..b...bcd....de...c abcd....b....c...cd. abc... a bcd.....c...c. a.... a.... a ab c...c....d 7..bcde. abc abc c 9...c. ab...7 ab.... a ab c.7..c.7 a.....bcde 7..bc cd c...c.7..cd.7 abcd.. ab d c P<. P<. P<. P<. N.S. N.S. N.S. P<. P=. P<. Values are mean number of larvae per plants. Means followed by same letter are not significantly different (Tukey s HSD,

8 Potato / HARS / CPB Systemic Trial Table. CPB Large Larvae Counts Trt Products -Jun -Jun -Jun 7-Jul 7-Jul -Jul -Aug 9-Aug -Aug Cumul. Wk 7 Wk Wk Wk Wk Wk Wk Wk Wk Sum a..7 ab.. abcd. a..... a.. a.... ab..... a..7 abc. abcd. a..... a.. a.... abc....7 a.. abc. ab... abc... a.. a.... abc.... a.. ab...bcd. a..... a.. a..7.. abc.... a.. a...7 abcd.7..c.7.. ab. ab... abcd... a.. ab.....d..bc... ab. ab....bcd...7.b.7 ab.. abc.. a..... ab. a..7.. abcd... a.. a... a.... a ab. a.... abc.....b...c. abcd. a..... a.. ab d... a.. a... ab... a..... ab. a....7 a a.. ab. 7...cd. ab.... a.. a.... abcd....b..bc. abcd. a......b.7.b...7..cd N.S. P<. P<. P<. P<. N.S. P=. P<. P<. P<. Values are mean number of larvae per plants. Means followed by same letter are not significantly different (Tukey s HSD,

9 Potato / HARS / CPB Systemic Trial 9 Table 7. Potato Leafhopper Adult Counts Trt Products -Jun -Jun -Jun 7-Jul 9-Aug -Aug Cumul. Wk 7 Wk Wk Wk Wk Wk Sum 7 9. ab.. a... a.. a a... a... ab.. a.. a a... a... ab..7 a.. a a.....c...c.7.b..b d...c.7..c.7.b. ab d. a....b..7 a.. a ab..7..c 9...c..b. a d.7..c...c..b. ab d...c. ab.. a.. a b...bc.7..c.7.b. a d.7..c...c 7..b.7 a d...c...c.7.b. a d P<. P<. P<. P<. N.S. N.S. P<. Values are mean number of adults per sweeps. Means followed by same letter are not significantly different (Tukey s HSD,

10 Potato / HARS / CPB Systemic Trial Table. Potato Leafhopper Nymph Counts Trt Products -Jun -Jun 7-Jul -Aug 9-Aug -Aug Cumul. Wk 7 Wk Wk Wk Wk Wk Sum ab a..7.. ab ab... ab b.. 7. ab b.7.. ab ab.7.. ab ab... ab ab... ab ab... a ab...7 ab ab...7.b ab.7.. ab ab N.S. P<. P<. N.S. N.S. N.S. P<. Values are mean number of nymphs per leaves. Means followed by same letter are not significantly different (Tukey s HSD,

11 Potato / HARS / CPB Systemic Trial Table 9. Aphid Counts Trt Products -Jun -Jun 7-Jul -Aug 9-Aug -Aug Cumul. Wk 7 Wk Wk Wk Wk Wk Sum 7 9. a.... a.. a.. a....7 ab..7 ab... a.. a.. a.... ab.. a.... a.. a.. a.... a... a.... ab. ab. ab.. 7..bd. ab...7 ab.7.b.7 ab.....d. a.... a.. a.. a....7 ab.. ab... ab. ab.7 ab d..b... ab.7 ab. ab d. ab... a.. a.. a d. ab.7.. ab. ab. ab....bd. ab.7.. ab. ab. ab.....d. ab.7..7.b. ab.7.b.....d P<. N.S. P=. P<. P<. N.S. P<. Values are mean number of aphids per leaves. Means followed by same letter are not significantly different (Tukey s HSD,

12 Potato / HARS / CPB Systemic Trial Table. Defoliation Trt Products -Jun -Jun -Jun 7-Jul 7-Jul -Jul -Aug 9-Aug -Aug Wk 7 Wk Wk Wk Wk Wk Wk Wk Wk 7 9. a.. a a.. abc. a.. a a..7 ab.. a.. a ab. a... a.. a ab.7 abc. a.. a ab. abc. a.. ab b...c. ab...c ab.7 abc.7 ab. a ab. abc.7 ab.7.bc b. abc..b. ab ab. abc.7 ab. ab ab..bc.7 ab...c ab. abc P<. P<. N.S. N.S. N.S. N.S. P<. P=. P<

13 Potato / HARS / CPB Systemic Trial Table. Yield Trt Products Total Yield Market Yield Yield, A's Yield, B's Yield, C's Yield culled 7 9. ± 9. ab. ±. ab. ±. a. ±. a.7 ±. a.7 ±. a 9. ±. abcd. ±. abcd. ±. abcd 9. ±. a. ±.9 a.9 ±.9 a. ±. a. ±. a 9. ± 7. ab 9. ±.7 a.7 ±.7 a. ±.9 a. ±....e 7. ±....e 7. ±....e 9. ±.9 a. ±. a. ±. a 9. ±..bcde. ±...cde 7. ±....de 9. ±. a. ±. a 9. ± 7. a. ±. abc 9. ±.9 abc. ±. abc. ±. a. ±. a 7. ±.7 a. ± 7. abcde. ±. abcde 9. ±. abcde. ± 7. a 9. ±. a. ±. a 9.9 ± 9. abcde. ±. abcde. ±...cde. ±. a.9 ±.7 a. ±. a 7. ±.9 abcde. ±. abcde. ±. abcde. ±. a. ±.7 a. ± 9. a. ±.7.bcde. ±.9.bcde. ±..bcde 7.9 ±. a. ±. a. ±. a. ±....de. ±....de.9 ±....e 7. ±. a. ±. a. ±. a. ±...cde.7 ± 7...cde 7. ±....de. ± 9. a.9 ±. a. ±. a Grand Mean 7. ± ± ±.. ±.9. ±.. ± 7. P<. P<. P<. N.S. N.S. N.S. Means followed by the same letter codes are not statistically different (Tukey s HSD, P <.)

14 Potato / HARS / CPB Systemic Trial Figure a. CPB Adult Counts, Full Season -Jun -Jun -Jun 7-Jul 7-Jul -Jul -Aug 9-Aug -Aug CPB adults / plants 7 9 Figure b. Cumulative CPB Adults, st and nd generation st generation -Jun -Jun -Jun 7-Jul nd generation 7-Jul -Jul -Aug 9-Aug -Aug CPB adults / plants Treatment No. Treatment No.

15 Potato / HARS / CPB Systemic Trial Figure a. CPB Egg Mass Counts, Full Season -Jun -Jun -Jun 7-Jul 7-Jul -Jul -Aug 9-Aug -Aug CPB egg masses / plants 7 9 Figure b. Cumulative CPB Egg Masses, st and nd generation st generation nd generation -Jun -Jun -Jun 7-Jul 7-Jul -Jul -Aug 9-Aug -Aug. CPB egg masses / plants Treatment No. Treatment No.

16 Potato / HARS / CPB Systemic Trial Figure a. CPB Small Larva Counts, Full Season -Jun -Jun -Jun 7-Jul 7-Jul -Jul -Aug 9-Aug -Aug CPB small larvae / plants 7 9 Figure b. Cumulative CPB Small Larvae, st and nd generation st generation nd generation -Jun -Jun -Jun 7-Jul 7-Jul -Jul -Aug 9-Aug -Aug CPB small larvae / plants Treatment No. Treatment No.

17 Potato / HARS / CPB Systemic Trial 7 Figure a. CPB Large Larva Counts, Full Season -Jun -Jun -Jun 7-Jul 7-Jul -Jul -Aug 9-Aug -Aug CPB Small Larvae / plants 7 9 Figure b. Cumulative CPB Large Larvae, st and nd generation st generation nd generation -Jun -Jun -Jun 7-Jul 7-Jul -Jul -Aug 9-Aug -Aug CPB large larvae / plants Treatment No. Treatment No.

18 Potato / HARS / CPB Systemic Trial Figure. Potato Leafhopper Adults -Jun -Jun -Jun 7-Jul 9-Aug -Aug PLH adults / sweeps 7 9 Figure. Potato Leafhopper Nymphs -Jun -Jun 7-Jul -Aug 9-Aug -Aug PLH nymphs / leaves 7 9

19 Potato / HARS / CPB Systemic Trial 9 Figure 7. Aphid counts 7 -Jun -Jun 7-Jul -Aug 9-Aug -Aug Aphids / leaves 7 9 Figure. Defoliation ratings -Jun -Jun -Jun 7-Jul 7-Jul -Jul -Aug 9-Aug -Aug Defoliation rating

20 Potato / HARS / CPB Systemic Trial Figure 9. Yield A's B's C's 7 9 Yield (cwt/a)