INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT PROGRAM TO REDUCE BIRD STRIKES AT JFK INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT,
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1 INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT PROGRAM TO REDUCE BIRD STRIKES AT JFK INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, Richard A. Dolbeer 1, Scott C. Barras 1 and Richard C. Chipman 2 2 USDA Wildlife Services, New York 1 USDA Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Sandusky, Ohio Field Station In cooperation with The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, Aeronautical Services Division, JFK
2 The Mother of All Incompatible Land Uses! JFK International Airport L. Gull Nesting Colony
3 History of Laughing Gull Nesting in Jamaica Bay New York next to JFK International Airport In 1979, 15 nests were discovered in Joco Marsh, Jamaica Bay within 1 km of JFK. Two LAGU strikes were recorded in 1979, the first ever at JFK. The colony grew to 7,600 nests in JFK averaged 157 strikes per year,
4 Laughing Gulls began Nesting adjacent to JFK Airport in 1979: *Increase of LAGU Strikes, *Growth of Nesting Colony, No. of Strikes with Gulls No. of Nesting Gulls
5 Laughing Gulls at JFK International Airport, New York City Gull nesting colony on NPS land (JBWR) JFK Airport
6 Laughing gulls in Joco Marsh with view of JFK International Airport, 199
7 No. of Laughing Gulls Struck Semi-monthly Pattern of Laughing Gulls Strikes with Aircraft JFK International Airport, NY, JAN FEB SDA/NWRC/SANDUSKY, OH 39% of Strikes Occur from June MAR APR MAY JUN JUL 58% of Strikes Occur from 16 June-15 July AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
8 Semi-monthly Pattern of Herring, Great Black-backed and Ring-billed Gull Strikes with Aircraft, JFK International Airport, NY, No. of Gulls Struck JAN FEB SDA/NWRC/SANDUSKY, OH MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
9 In 1991, USDA initiated an experimental program to shoot gulls attempting to fly over the airport from the protected marsh areas in Jamaica Bay
10 hooting was on the s. boundary of JFK to intercept gulls ttempting to fly across airport from Jamaica Bay JFK International Airport L. Gull Nesting Colony
11 Shooting was conducted by professional biologists from May-August,
12 Objectives of shooting program: 1. Reduce the number of gulls flying over airport by: a) removing a segment of the population and b) training survivors to avoid the airport. 2. Reduce the number of gull strikes with aircraft.
13 Gulls Shot at JFK International Airport are Retrieved for Study: a) External examination to classify by species and age class. b) Autopsy to determine sex, reproductive status, and feeding habits.
14 Each biologist keeps a detailed record of daily shooting activity
15 USDA and NPS Biologists Estimate the LAGU Nesting Population in Jamaica Bay each June
16 16000 Number of Gulls Shot at JFK International Airport, New York May-Aug Other Gulls (N = 6,083; 9.6%) Laughing Gulls (N = 56,968; 90.4%) Total Gulls (N = 63,051)
17
18 Growth of Laughing Gull Nesting Colony adjacent to JFK International Airport, , and Response of Colony to Shooting, USDA SHOOTING PROGRAM NESTING GULLS
19 Laughing Gull Population Index, Virginia-Maine, NO. OF GULLS / BBS ROUTE Shooting at JFK
20 Number of Aircraft Striking Laughing Gulls, JFK International Airport, NY, USDA SHOOTING PROGRAM No. of Strikes
21 Number of Aircraft Striking Laughing Gulls, JFK International Airport, NY, USDA SHOOTING PROGRAM No. of Strikes (Mean)
22 Number of Strikes Involving Year-round Gulls (HERG, GBBG, RBGU JFK International Airport, New York, Total Strikes by "Year-round" Gulls USDA SHOOTING PROGRAM
23 300 Number of Strikes Involving Gulls (All Species) at JFK International Airport, New York, USDA SHOOTING PROGRAM Total Strikes by Gulls
24 Growth of Laughing Gull Nesting Colony adjacent to JFK International Airport, , and Response of Colony to Shooting, Nesting Laughing Gulls Laughing Gull Strikes NESTING GULLS STRIKES 0
25 Number of Gulls Shot per Person-hour at JFK International Airport, New York, May-Aug A B C C BC C C C C C
26 Percent of Males in Sample (n = 6,543) of Adult Laughing Gulls Shot at JFK International Airport, New York,
27 Mean Body Mass of Adult Laughing Gulls Shot at JFK International Airport, New York, n = 3,571 n = 2,556 Mean (+ SD) Body Mass (G) Male Female
28 AGE COMPOSITION OF GULLS SHOT AT JFK INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, NY, n=47,648 n=3,583 n=761 n=596 % OF POPULATION HATCH YEAR SUBADULT ADULT 0 LAGU HERG GBBG RBGU
29
30 Female Laughing Gulls Shot at JFK International Airport, NY, 2000 Percent Showing Evidence of Laying Eggs % Laying Eggs Year Old Gulls (n = 119) 3+ Year Old Gulls (n = 185) MAY 1-30 JUN 1 JUL-8 AUG 1 JUN-8 AUG
31
32 Dolbeer s Four Cardinal Rules for Lethal Control Accurately document the numbers taken by species; Document the impact that the removal has on local and regional populations; Document that the animals taken are indeed the ones causing the damage and that their removal reduces the conflict; Inflict minimal "suffering" on the removed animals.
33 In addition to the USDA Shooting Program, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey has undertaken numerous other actions in the 1990s to reduce bird strike hazards. These actions include: Hiring of full-time professional wildlife biologist (1995). Improved training and equipment for bird patrol personnel. Closure of landfills near JFK (1985, 1990) and improved coverage of food waste at airport. Improved drainage to remove standing water. Improved vegetation management (mowing grass 6-10 inches; 1999). Implemented Falconry Program (1996). Nest and egg destruction for Canada geese (1995).
34 In 1996, JFK implemented a falconry program to compliment the shooting program as part of an integrated approach to reducing bird strikes at the airport.
35
36 TIMING OF SHOOTING AND FALCONRY AT JFK, JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
37 Mean Bird Strikes/Year Involving Non-Gull Species and Gull Species at JFK International Airport, New York, Mean Strikes/Year SHOOTING Non-gull species Gulls FALCONRY
38 70 Percent of Strikes Involving Non-Gull Species at JFK International Airport, New York, % of Strikes by Non-Gull Species
39 CONCLUSIONS (PART 1) OOD NEWS: SHOOTING DRAMATICALLY REDUCED STRIKES BY GULLS, AD NEWS: SHOOTING 63,000 GULLS GENERATED NEGATIVE PUBLICITY FOR JFK OOD NEWS: FALCONRY GENERATED MUCH POSITIVE PUBLICITY FOR JFK, AD NEWS: FALCONRY DID NOT APPEAR TO REDUCE STRIKES BY GULLS OR OTHER BIRDS ORE RESEARCH NEEDED TO DEFINE FALCONRY S ROLE ON IRPORTS. IRD MANAGEMENT ON AIRPORTS MUST USE AN INTEGRATED PPROACH AND INCLUDE ALL HAZARDOUS SPECIES, NOT JUST ULLS OR OTHER CONSPICUOUS SPECIES.
40 CONCLUSIONS (PART 2) THE PORT AUTHORITY OF NEW YORK AND NEW JERSEY HAS A DIFFICULT CHALLENGE BECAUSE JFK IS LOCATED NEXT TO TH BIRD-RICH ENVIRONMENT OF JAMAICA BAY. THE PORT AUTHORITY OF NEW YORK AND NEW JERSEY SHOUL BE COMMENDED FOR IMPLEMENTING AN INTEGRATED, INNOVATIVE AND ADAPTIVE APPROACH TO REDUCING BIRD- AIRCRAFT COLLISIONS. ALTHOUGH AIRPORTS SHOULD EMPHASIZE HABITAT MANAGEMENT TO REDUCING BIRD STRIKES, SOME LETHAL CONTROL IS USUALLY NECESSARY IN AN INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT PROGRAM. LETHAL CONTROL MUST BE CARRIED OUT IN A RESPONSIBLE, WELL-DOCUMENTED MANNER BY TRAINED PERSONNEL.
41 OUR GOAL: SAFER SKIES FOR ALL WHO FLY: BIRDS AND PEOPLE! THANK YOU
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