Join Us In Industrial Automation Group For Training & Consulting.
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1 Join Us In Industrial Automation Group For Training & Consulting
2 ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
3 Limit Sw ) Physical Quantitty sensors ( Pressure Sensor Temp Sensor Flow Sensor Wieght Sensor ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
4 There are different types of sensors for different purposes To sense different goals in the shape and method of work and raw Material in terms of being a metal or dielectric and at different distances. and also to measure various physical quantities such as pressure and temperature and distance There are Different theory of the work of the various sensors and function and the type of the O/P signal and also the method of Connections and the Source voltage Then, sensors can be divided into several divisions depends on set of properties: ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
5 Proximity sensors : ( Inductive Inductive magnetic Capacitive) Optical sensors : (Through beam Retro reflective Diffuse ) Switches : (Reed SW Pressure SW liquid level SW Flow SW Limit SW ) Physical quantity sensors : ( Pressure sensor Temperature sensor Flow sensor - Wight sensor) Source Voltage : There are different Source Voltage for sensors Where : 220 VAC & 24VDC ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
6 Classification O/P types Usage types Digital sensor ال O/P بيكون حاجة من االتنين: - 0 0VDC VDC قيمة ال O/P تتغير كاالتي: الشرط تحقق 1 = O/P الشرط لم يتحقق 0 O/P= هذه االنواع من ال حساسات Sensors تستخدم لتوضيح حالة معينة موجودة او ال مثل و صول الضغط لدرجة معينة او درجة الحرارة او وصول object معين لمسافة محددة limit SW sensor - Proximity sensors : ( inductive capacitive inductive magnetic ) - Optical : ( Through beam Diffuse Retro reflective ) - Switches : ( Reed SW Pressure SW Liquid level SW Flow SW ) Analog sensor ال O/P بيكون متغير اما - DC volt ( 0VDC 10VDC) - mille AMP (4MA 20MA) و قيمة ال O/P يعتمد علي : ال range الذي يعمل فيه ال sensor قيمة الكمية المقاسة باختالف انواعها هذه االنواع من الحساسات تستخدم لقياس كميات فيزيائية مثل الضغط و الحرارة و المسافة - Physical quantity sensors : ( Pressure sensor Temperature sensor Flow Quantity sensor Wight sensor) ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
7 Contact Arrangement: Contacts are available in several configurations. They may be normally open (NO), normally closed (NC), or a combination of normally open and normally closed contacts. ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
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10 Mechanical limit switches, use a different set of symbols. Highlighted symbols are used for illustrative purposes only ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
11 Over Head Crane ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
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22 Sensor Advantages Disadvantages Applications Limit Switch High Current Capability Low Cost Familiar "Low- Tech" Sensing Requires Physical Contact with Target Very Slow Response Contact Bounce Interlocking Basic End-of- Travel Sensing ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
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24 used to detect the presence of a conductive metal object. they detect the presence of an object without coming into physical contact with it. ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
25 Inductive proximity sensors are available in a variety of sizes and configurations to meet ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
26 inductive proximity sensors are operated using (ECKO) principle. (ECKO) principle : Eddy Current Killed Oscillator This type of sensor consists of four elements: coil, oscillator, trigger circuit, output. The oscillator is an inductive capacitive tuned circuit that creates a radio frequency. The electromagnetic field produced by the oscillator is emitted from the coil away from the face of the sensor. ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
27 The circuit has just enough feedback from the field to keep the oscillator going. ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
28 When a metal target enters the field, eddy currents circulate within the target. This causes a load on the sensor, decreasing the amplitude of the electromagnetic field. ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
29 As the target approaches the sensor the eddy currents increase, Increasing the load on the oscillator and further decreasing the amplitude of the field. ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
30 The trigger circuit monitors the oscillator s amplitude ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
31 The trigger circuit monitors the oscillator s amplitude ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
32 At a predetermined level switches the output state of the sensor from its normal condition (on or off). ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
33 As the target moves away from the sensor, the oscillator s amplitude increases. ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
34 At a predetermined level the trigger switches the output state of the sensor back to its normal condition (on or off). ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
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37 Proximity Sensors O/P Configuration. ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
38 PNP : Sourcing Proximity Sensors NPN : Sinking Proximity Sensors ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
39 Tow Wire Sensor Connection Three Wire Sensor Connection Four Wire Sensor Connection ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
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43 Target Will detect any conductive material Quoted distances are for mild steel Sensor performance can be affected by:- Temperature Target material Target dimensions. Sensor Oscillation Amplitude Sensor output signal ON OFF
44 A standard target is defined as having a flat, smooth surface, made of mild steel that is 1 mm (0.04 ) thick. If the target is larger than the standard target, the sensing range does not change. However, if the target is smaller or irregular shaped the sensing distance (Sn) decreases. The smaller the area of the target the closer it must be to the sensing face to be detected. ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
45 Applications: Application Detecting the Presence of a Broken Drill Bit Application Detecting Presence of Set Screws on Hub for Speed or Direction Control ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
46 Applications: Application Detecting Full Open or Closed Valve Position Application Detecting Broken Bit on Milling Machine ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
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48 Capacitive proximity sensors are similar to inductive proximity sensors. The main difference between the two types is that capacitive proximity sensors produce an electrostatic field instead of an electromagnetic field. Capacitive proximity switches will sense metal as well as nonmetallic materials such as paper, glass, liquids, and cloth. ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
49 The sensing surface of a capacitive sensor is formed by two concentrically shaped metal electrodes of an unwound capacitor ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
50 Sensor is looking for a change in capacitance in the active field Electrostatic field Active surface Active electrode Earth electrode LED indicator Adjusting screw Connection cable ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
51 When an object nears the sensing surface it enters the electrostatic field of the electrodes ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
52 Changes the capacitance in an oscillator circuit. ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
53 As a result, the oscillator begins oscillating. The trigger circuit reads the oscillator s amplitude ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
54 when it reaches a specific level the output state of the sensor changes. ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
55 As the target moves away from the sensor the oscillator s amplitude decreases, ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
56 Switching the sensor output back to its original state. ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
57 Detects any material denser than air (as long as there is enough of it) Can be adjusted for sensitivity Can be affected by dusty environments ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
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59 Detects any Materials denser than air Can Be Adjusted for sensitivity Can be affected by dusty environment ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
60 Applications: Sensor is adjusted so that it does not Detect the wall of the vessel ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
61 Applications: As the Level rises the Fluid affects the sensor Field. ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
62 Applications: Until the sensor Switches its Case ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
63 Applications: Application Detecting Milk in Cartons Capacitive Sensor Application Controlling Fill level of solids in a bin Capacitive Sensor ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
64 Applications: Application Detecting Presence of Can and Full ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
65 A photoelectric sensor is another type of position sensing device. Photoelectric sensors, use a modulated light beam that is either broken or reflected by the target. ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
66 Thru-Beam Scan Techniques: ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
67 Thru-beam sensors consist of: Transmitter : which emits ultrasonic pulses Receiver: Which receive the Ultrasonic pulses If the beam between the transmitter and the receiver is interrupted the output of the receiver switches state ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
68 Thru-Beam sensors consist of a transmitter and a receiver. ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
69 The transmitter sends a narrow continuous tone. ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
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74 When a target is positioned between the transmitter and the receiver the tone is interrupted ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
75 Which causes the output of the receiver to change state. ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
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78 The operating voltage is VDC. The switching frequency is 200 Hz at 40 cm sensing distance. ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
79 Type: Through-beam Long sensing distance : up to 30 metres with some devices Will detect all but very transparent materials Must be accurately aligned Target Transmitter Receiver ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
80 Operating Modes. Dark operate ( DO ) : is an operating mode in which the load is energized When light from the emitter is absent from the receiver. ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
81 Operating Modes. Light operate ( LO ) : Light operate is an operating mode in which the load is energized When light from the emitter reaches the receiver. ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
82 Thru-Beam Sensor Connection: ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
83 Applications Application Verifying Objects in Clear Bottles Sensor M12 Thru Beam Application Car Wash Sensor SL Thru Beam ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
84 Applications Application Verifying Objects in Clear Bottles Sensor M12 Thru Beam Application Car Wash Sensor SL Thru Beam ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
85 Applications Application Controlling Height of a Stack Sensor SL Thru Beam ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
86 Retro-reflective Scan Techniques: ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
87 Retro-reflective Scan Techniques: Transmitter Reflector ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
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99 Type : Retro reflective Transmitter /Receiver T R Sensing distance : 1/2 to 1/3 of through-beam type Not suitable for reflective or transparent targets Target should be larger than the reflector Reflector (prismatic) ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
100 Retro-reflective with Shiny Objects: ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
101 Retro-reflective Sensor Connection: ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
102 Applications Application Flow of Pallets Carrying Bottles Sensor K40 Retroreflective Application Counting Cans Sensor K50 Polarized Retroreflective ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
103 Applications Application Counting Bottles Sensor SL18 Retroreflective Application Counting Cartons Sensor K65 Retroreflective ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
104 Applications Application Detecting Persons Sensor K50 Retroreflective Application Controlling Parking Gate Sensor SL Retroreflective ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
105 Applications Application Counting Boxes Anywhere on a Conveyor Sensor SL18 Right Angle Retroreflective ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
106 Retro-reflective Scan Techniques: ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
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114 Type : Diffuse Transmitter /Receiver T R Sensing distance: actual distance depends on colour and reflective nature of the surface Larger targets result in longer sensing distances Not suitable for dirty environments ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
115 Diffuse Sensor Connection: ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
116 Applications Application End of Roll Detection Sensor K31 Diffuse Application Car Wash Sensor SL Thru Beam ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
117 Applications Application Detecting Caps on Bottles Sensor K20 Diffuse with Background Suppression and K31 Thru Beam ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
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129 Interference from other magnetic fields must be avoided. If positioned in mid stroke, switching point will vary depending on direction of approach. Maximum current must be limited to avoid burning of the reed contacts.
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138 Inductive Principle of Operation but only reacts to magnetic Fields Interference from other magnetic fields must be avoided Solid State Device higher Switching Frequency 1 khz ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
139 Inductive Principle of Operation but only reacts to magnetic Fields Interference from other magnetic fields must be avoided Solid State Device higher Switching Frequency 1 khz ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
140 SENSOR SYMBOLS Inductive + 18 to 30 Volts DC. Output Capacitive Optical Magnetic Ultrasonic 0 V Normally open Normally closed ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
141 SENSOR SYMBOLS Capacitive Sensor with Normally open function + 18 to 30 Volts DC. Output 0 V ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
142 SENSOR CONNECTION PNP Type Output is Positive Positive switching 24v DC + 18 to 30 Volts DC Output 0 V 0v ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
143 SENSOR CONNECTION NPN Type Output switches through to 0v Negative switching 24v DC + 18 to 30 Volts DC Output 0 V 0v ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
144 SENSORS ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
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146 VARIABLE RESISTORS -- POTENTIOMETERS Potentiometer a three-terminal resistor whose value can be adjusted (within set limits) by the user R ac = R ab + R bc ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
147 CONSTRUCTION ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
148 SETTING THE VALUE OF RESISTANCE ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
149 POTENTIOMETER VOLTAGES ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
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156 This type of sensors is relatively expensive because it requires many photocells be mounted and aligned very precisely If it wasn t aligned properly, it may report completely erroneous data ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
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159 ( C ) Resistance Probe ENG.ABDELKAWY MOUBARAK
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