NOAA Use of Frequency Bands: Current and Future. Presented to CGMS-45, Working Group 1 session, agenda item 3

Transcription

1 NOAA Use of Frequency Bands: Current and Future Presented to CGMS-45, Working Group 1 session, agenda item 3

2 Polar Operational Environmental Satellites (POES) FREQUENCY (MHz) DIRECTION EMISSION DESIGNATOR K00G1D K60G1D M00G2D and (or and ) S-E 38K00F1D 46K00G1D S-E 900KG2D 1698, , 1707 S-E 5M34G7D S-E 4M55G7D 6M04G7DDC Orbit: LEO polar at 13:30 and 09:30 (time of ascending node equatorial crossing) Number of satellites: There were fifteen satellites in this series (TIROS-N, NOAA-6 through NOAA-19). The remaining operational spacecraft are: NOAA-15, NOAA-18, and NOAA-19 Main ground stations: Fairbanks, Alaska and Wallops Island, Virginia Receiving Sites: 27 critical federal sites and numerous other federal and nonfederal sites. Launch of first satellite: October 1978 (TIROS N) General objective: Earth observation. Collects numerous Earth atmospheric and surface parameters such as ice, snow and vegetation; atmospheric temperatures; moisture, aerosol, and ozone distribution. Monitors solar activity and its effect on the Earth s atmosphere. Also detects and locates Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELTs), Emergency Position- Indicating Radio Beacons (EPIRBs), and Personal Locator Beacons (PLBs) as part of the international COSPAS-SARSAT system.

3 Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) FREQUENCY (MHz) DIRECTION EMISSION DESIGNATOR S-S Rx 24M0G1D S-S Rx 24M0G1D S-S Rx S-E 4K0G7DDT 256K0G7D 6M04G7DDC 4M55G7D 6M04G7DDC S-S Tx 6M04G7DDC 7812 S-E 30M0G7D S-E 300M0G7D Orbit: LEO polar at 13:30 LTAN (local time of ascending node) Number of satellites: One Main ground stations: Svalbard (Norway) and Fairbanks (Gilmore Creek) AK for TT&C and Stored Mission Data. Stored Mission Data is planned to be transmitted to McMurdo and Troll, Antarctica Launch of first satellite: October 28, 2011 General objective: Earth observation. Collects and distributes remotely-sensed land, ocean, and atmospheric data to the meteorological and global climate change communities, It provides sea surface temperatures and vertical profiles of atmospheric humidity sounding. S-NPP products include land and ocean biological productivity, and cloud and aerosol properties. S-NPP is NOAA s primary operational spacecraft in the afternoon orbit and also demonstrates and validates aspects of the JPSS command, control, communications and ground processing before the launch of the first JPSS spacecraft.

4 Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) FREQUENCY (MHz) DIRECTION EMISSION DESIGNATOR S-S Rx 24M0G1D S-S Rx 24M0G1D S-S Rx S-E S-S Tx 4K00G1D 256KG1D 6M04G1D 6M04G1D 7812 S-E 30M0G7D S-E S-S Tx 300M0G7D Orbit: LEO polar at 13:30 LTAN (local time of ascending node) Number of satellites: 4 Main ground stations: Svalbard (Norway); McMurdo Station, Antarctica; Fairbanks (NOAA), AK; and Troll, Antarctica. Backup service for Ka-band will be via TDRSS Launch of first satellite: Planned for 4 th qtr of FY2017 General objective: Earth observation. Collects numerous atmospheric and surface parameters such as ice, snow and vegetation; atmospheric and surface temperatures, pressures and moisture content; wind speed, cloud characteristics, aerosol, and ozone distribution

5 Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) FREQUENCY (MHz) DIRECTION EMISSION DESIGNATOR K0G1D 2215 S-E 64K0G1D 4M56G1D Orbit: LEO polar Number of satellites: 6 (Four are fully or partially mission-capable) Main ground stations: Fairbanks, Alaska and Wallops Island, Virginia Launch of first satellite: April 15, 2006 General objective: COSMIC is a program designed to provide advances in meteorology, ionosphere research, climatology, and space weather by using GPS satellites using a constellation of six low Earth-orbiting micro satellites. The constellation tracks radio signals from the Global Positioning System as they pass through Earth's atmosphere. GPS signals undergo changes in frequency and amplitude when they encounter water vapor or other physical components of the atmosphere. Those changes can be measured using a process called radio occultation. The altered signals can be converted into useful profiles of humidity and temperature throughout the lower atmosphere. Information about the electrical structure of the upper atmosphere, Earth's gravitational field, and other data can be extracted.

6 Second generation of Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC-2) FREQUENCY (MHz) DIRECTION EMISSION DESIGNATOR S-S Rx 24M0G1D S-S Rx 24M0G1D K0G1D S-E 64K0G1D 4M00G1D Orbit: LEO polar Number of satellites: 12 (Plus 1 spare at 72 degrees inclination) Main ground stations: The TT&C stations are at Fairbanks & Wallops (72 only), Taiwan (Chungli and Tinan), and Darwin. Receive-only stations are Mauritius, Hawaii, Guam, Honduras, Kuwait, Cuiaba, Ghana, Tromso, McMurdo, and Troll. Launch of first satellite: September 2017: Six launched into a 24 orbit; 2020: Six launched into a 72 orbit. General objective: Earth observation. COSMIC-2 is a program designed to provide advances in meteorology, ionosphere research, climatology, and space weather by exploiting signals from GNSS satellites. COSMIC- 2 will have 12 satellites with 6 at 24 and 6 at 72 inclination. The constellation will track radio signals from the GNSS (GPS and GLONASS) as they pass through Earth's atmosphere for Radio Occultation (RO). GNSS signals undergo changes in frequency and amplitude when they encounter water vapor or other physical components of the atmosphere. Those changes can be measured using a process called radio occultation. The altered signals can be converted into useful profiles of humidity and temperature throughout the lower atmosphere. Information about the electrical structure of the upper atmosphere, Earth's gravitational field, and other data will also be extracted.

7 Jason-2 (OSTM Ocean Surface Topography Mission) FREQUENCY (MHz) DIRECTION EMISSION DESIGNATOR K0G1D K0G1D K00G2D S-E 839KG1D 5300 S-E 100MQ3N 320MQ3N S-E 320MQ3N Orbit: : LEO with 66 inclination angle, 1336 km altitude, 1 hr. 52 min. period Number of satellites: One Main ground stations: Fairbanks, Alaska; Wallops Island, Virginia and Usingen, Germany Launch of first satellite: June 20, 2008 General objective: Earth observation. Jason-2 is a follow-on satellite to the joint CNES/NASA oceanography mission Jason (or Jason-1, launched Dec. 7, 2001). Jason-1, in turn is a follow-on mission of TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P), launched in The science objectives of Jason-2/OSTM are to extend the time series of ocean surface topography measurements to: a) obtain a continuous record of observations (with the previous missions), b) to determine the variability of ocean circulation at decadal time scales from combined data record with T/P and Jason-1, c) improve the measure of the time-averaged ocean circulation, d) improve the measure of global sea-level change, and e) improve open ocean tide models. The mission objectives call for the provision of the same measurement accuracy of Jason-1 (3.3 cm) with a goal of achieving 2.5 cm, and to maintain the stability of the global mean sea-level measurement with a drift of less than 1 mm/year over the life of the mission. The goal is to better understand the forces behind global changes of climate and to predict seasonal anomalies in weather patterns; this is vital to understand the physics of the ocean.

8 Jason-3 (OSTM Ocean Surface Topography Mission) FREQUENCY (MHz) DIRECTION EMISSION DESIGNATOR K0G1D K0G1D K00G2D S-E 839KG1D 5300 S-E 100MQ3N 320MQ3N S-E 320MQ3N Orbit: LEO with 66 inclination angle, 1336 km altitude, 1 hr. 52 min. period Number of satellites: One Main ground stations: Barrow, Alaska; Fairbanks, Alaska; Wallops Island, Virginia and Usingen, Germany Launch of first satellite: January 17, 2016 General objective: Earth observation. Jason-3 is a follow-on satellite to Jason-2 and the joint CNES/NASA oceanography mission Jason (or Jason-1, launched Dec. 7, 2001). Jason-1, in turn is a follow-on mission of TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P), launched in Science objectives are to extend the time series of ocean surface topography measurements to: a) obtain a continuous record of observations (with the previous missions), b) to determine the variability of ocean circulation at decadal time scales from combined data record with T/P, Jason1, and Jason-2/OSTM, c) improve the measure of the timeaveraged ocean circulation, d) improve the measure of global sealevel change, and e) improve open ocean tide models. The mission objectives call for the provision of the same measurement accuracy of Jason-1,2 (3.3 cm) with a goal of achieving 2.5 cm, and to maintain the stability of the global mean sea level measurement with a drift of less than 1 mm/year over the life of the mission.

9 Cooperative Data and Rescue Services (CDARS) FREQUENCY (MHz) DIRECTION EMISSION DESIGNATOR HG1D; 1K60G1D; 6K62G1D HG1D; 1K60G1D; 6K62G1D HG1D; 1K60G1D; 6K62G1D K60G1D S-S Rx 24M0G1D S-S Rx 24M0G1D S-E 2M00G7D S-E 2K40G2D S-E 1M80G7D Orbit: LEO polar 1730 ascending or descending sun-synchronous orbit, circular altitude between 650 and 900 km Number of satellites: One Main ground stations: Will be determined by hosting commercial spacecraft as will the TT&C frequencies. Launch of first satellite: Q1FY2021 General objective: Detects and locates Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELTs), Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacons (EPIRBs), and Personal Locator Beacons (PLBs) as part of the international COSPAS-SARSAT system. A-DCS collects data from platform transmitters (PTTs) located on land and ocean in UHF frequency. Over environmental platforms are located around the world. Marine PTTs located on buoys transmit oceanographic data and PTTs on ships transmit weather and oceanographic data. Land-based PTTs provided meteorological and hydrological data and those on balloons provide atmospheric information. Planned payloads: SARR/SARP (part of SARSAT mission) and A-DCS (part of Argos mission)

10 GOES N-P Satellite Series FREQUENCY (MHz) DIRECTION EMISSION DESIGNATOR (GOES 15 only) N0N; 1K20G1DEN; 300HG1DEN; 400HG1DBN K60G1D M22G1DBN K00F9C; 586KG1DCN K00G7D; 2M00G7D; 64K00G9D; 36K0G2DBN K0G1DCN ; ; K0G1DCN ; ; S-E 11K0G1DCN S-E 300K00G2D; 500KG7DBF 1676 S-E 5M20G9D; 5M20G7DDX S-E 200K00G9D; 400KG7DDX S-E 27K0G1DCN 1694 S-E 4K00G9D; 16K0G1DBN & S-E 400KG7DBF; 400KG7DEF S-E 2M10G2DBN; 2M00G3N; 2M10G9W Orbit: Geostationary; locations: 75W and 135W (105W parking) Number of satellites: 3 Main ground stations: US: Wallops VA (primary), Greenbelt MD (backup), Fairbanks, AK (Backup), Boulder, CO (solar instrument data), Goldstone CA (contingency support) Direct Broadcast NOAA ground stations: Miami, FL, Norman, OK, Boulder, CO, Honolulu, HI, Anchorage, AK, Kansas City, MO Launch of first satellite: May 24, 2006 (GOES-13) General objective: Earth observation. Collects numerous atmospheric and surface parameters such as ice, snow, and vegetation; atmospheric temperatures; moisture, aerosol, and ozone distribution using instruments sensing in visible, near-ir, and thermal IR frequencies. Space and Solar Instruments. Instrumentation on the GOES N-P series to monitor the highly variable solar and near-earth space environment continues a long history of space weather observations collected by the GOES program. The satellites also detect Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELTs), Emergency Position- Indicating Radio Beacons (EPRBs) and Personal Locator Beacons (PLBs) as part of the international Cospas-Sarsat system.

11 GOES-R Series Meteorological Satellites FREQUENCY (MHz) DIRECTION EMISSION DESIGNATOR 401.7, , 402.0, 402.4, NON; 1K20G1DEN; 300HG1DEN K60G1D M0G1D M21G1D; 1M50G1D ; K5G1DDC K00G1D; 128KG1DCN K0G2D; 71K4G2D; 1M50G3N M9G1DEN; 9M79G1DEN ; S-E 44K5G1D S-E 100KG7DBF (U.S. Domestic) (International) S-E 400KG7D S-E 9M79G1D; 10M9G1D S-E 80K0G1DCN; 8K00G1DCN S-E 1M21G1DDN; 1M50G1D S-E 1M50G3N; 4M93G2D; 4M93G9W 8220 S-E 120MG1D; 180MG1D Orbit: Geostationary; locations 75W and 137W (permanent operations) (Checkout and Extended Operations will be conducted at 89.5W for GOES-R) (Future satellites will be checked out at 89.5W or 105W and stored at 105W). Checkout and Extended operations for GOES-R will be approximately one year in duration Number of satellites: 4 Main ground stations: US: Wallops VA (primary): Fairmont, WV (backup) Direct Broadcast NOAA ground stations: Miami, FL, Norman, OK, Boulder, CO, College Park, MD, Honolulu, HI, Anchorage, AK, Kansas City, MO Launch of first satellite: November 19, 2016 at 6:42 p.m. EST General objective: Earth observation. Collect numerous atmospheric and surface parameters such as ice, snow and vegetation; atmospheric temperatures; moisture, aerosol, and ozone distribution using instruments sensing in visible, near-ir, and thermal IR frequencies. Space and Solar Instruments. Instrumentation on the GOES-R series to monitor the highly variable solar and near-earth space environment. The instruments that contribute to new services and products include: the Solar Imaging Suite (SIS), that will measure solar x-rays and solar EUV radiation; and the energetic particle instruments, called the SEISS (Space Environment in Situ Suite), that will provide multiple measurements characterizing the charged particle population, including measurements of the electron, proton, and heavy ion fluxes. Finally, Earth's magnetic field will be measured by a magnetometer (MAG). Other: The satellites will also detect Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELTs), Emergency Position- Indicating Radio Beacons (EPIRBs), and Personal Locator Beacons (PLBs) as part of the international COSPAS-SARSAT system. GOES-R is the first satellite in the GOES series to use X-band.

12 GOES-Next Series Meteorological Satellites FREQUENCY (MHz) DIRECTION EMISSION DESIGNATOR 401.7, , 402.0, 402.4, NON; 1K20G1DEN 300HG1DEN K60G1D M21G1D; 1M50G1D KG1D K00G1D; 128KG1DCN K0G2D; 1M50G3N M0G1D S-E 89KG1D S-E 100KG7D S-E 400KG7D S-E 16M0G1D S-E 80K0G1DCN; 8K00G1DCN S-E 1M21G1DDN; 1M50G1D S-E 1M50G3N; 4M93G2D; 4M93G9W 8220 S-E 120MG1D; 180MG1D Launch of first satellite: TBD General objective: Continuation and enhancement to GOES-R Series Orbit: Geostationary; locations: 75W and 137W Number of satellites: TBD Main ground stations: TBD

13 Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) FREQUENCY (MHz) DIRECTION EMISSION DESIGNATOR K0G2D 2215 S-E 1M15G1D Orbit: Lissajous orbit around the First Earth-Sun Lagrangian Point (L-1) Number of satellites: One Main ground stations: Wallops Island, Virginia TT&C; Fairbanks, AK (seasonal back-up); Real-Time Solar Wind network (data downlink). Launch of first satellite: February 11, 2015 General objective: Earth and solar observations. The DSCOVR satellite contains a solar wind sensor, a Plasma Magnetometer Solar Weather Instrument (PlasMag) important for solar wind observations, and two climate instruments that look at the sunlit earth from its L1 vantage point approximately a million miles away. The climate instruments are the National Institute of Standards & Technology Absolute Radiometer (NISTAR) and the Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC). DSCOVR helps ensure that NOAA continues to supply geomagnetic storm warnings to support key industries such as the commercial airline, electrical power, and GPS industries. The DSCOVR Program is a partnership with NOAA, NASA, and DOD. DOD provided the launch services and NOAA is responsible for the day-to-day operation of the spacecraft. DSCOVR uses the international Real-Time Solar Wind network for data downlink.

14 Space Weather Forward Observatory (SWFO) FREQUENCY (MHz) DIRECTION EMISSION DESIGNATOR S or X band TBD S or X band S-E TBD Orbit: Lissajous orbit around the First Earth-Sun Lagrangian Point (L-1) Number of satellites: Two Main ground stations: 3 mid-latitude earth stations separated around globe by 120 degrees. Real-Time Solar Wind network (data downlink). Launch of first satellite: NET 2022, 5 years later - NET 2027 General objective: Provide long term continuity of space weather observational requirements. Primary observational objectives are coronal mass ejection images, solar wind thermal plasma, energetic particle, and magnetic field measurements to enable space weather forecasting. Mission design life will be 5 years.

15 PASSIVE BAND FREQUENCIES: NGSO NETWORKS SATELLITE CENTRAL FREQUENCY (GHz) BANDWIDTH (MHz) QUASI-POLARISATION SENSOR JASON 18.7 NA NA AMR, AMR-C DMSP V, H SSMIS DMSP V SSMIS JPSS, SNPP, POES, JASON , NA QV, V, NA ATMS, AMSU-A, AMR, AMR-C JPSS, SNPP, POES QV, V ATMS, AMSU-A JASON 34 NA NA AMR, AMR-C DMSP V, H SSMIS JPSS, SNPP, POES, DMSP , 380 QH, V, H ATMS, AMSU-A, SSMIS DMSP H SSM/T JPSS, SNPP QH ATMS JPSS, SNPP, POES, DMSP , 389 QH, V, H ATMS, AMSU-A, SSMIS

16 PASSIVE BAND FREQUENCIES: NGSO NETWORKS (continued) DMSP H SSM/T JPSS, SNPP, POES, DMSP , 380 QH, H ATMS, AMSU-A, SSMIS DMSP H SSM/T JPSS, SNPP, POES, DMSP , 382 QH, H ATMS, AMSU-A, SSMIS DMSP H SSM/T JPSS, SNPP, POES QH, V ATMS, AMSU-A JPSS, SNPP, POES, DMSP DMSP, JPSS, SNPP, POES 330, QH, H RC, QH, H ATMS, AMSU-A, SSMIS SSMIS, ATMS, AMSU-A DMSP H SSM/T DMSP H SSM/T

17 PASSIVE BAND FREQUENCIES: NGSO NETWORKS (continued) DMSP , 250 RC, H SSMIS, SSM/T DMSP , , 2.7 RC SSMIS POES , 2800 V AMSU-A, MHS JPSS, SNPP QV ATMS DMSP , 3000 V, H SSMIS, SSM/T2 DMSP , 1500 H SSMIS, SSM/T2 POES V MHS JPSS, SNPP QH ATMS JPSS, SNPP, DMSP, POES , 3052, 1500, 2000 QH, H ATMS, SSMIS, SSM/T2, MHS POES V MHS

18 NOAA Satellite Spectrum in Consideration for Repurposing MHz: Recently repurposed for sharing with AWS-3 (Advanced Wireless Services -3) licensees for use as LTE uplink band. Affects 27 critical federal sites and numerous other federal and nonfederal sites. Operations by AWS-3 has not begun so no validation of mitigation steps MHz: In consideration for repurposing for use by commercial fix and mobile operations and continued shared use as a METSAT downlink band. Consideration primarily due to commercial party petition to US FCC in Proceeding RM Significant concern by NOAA on DCP downlink interference risk to GOES-R series and MHz: WRC-19 agenda item 1.7, resolution 659, assessment of the suitability of using existing SOS allocations below 1 GHz to accommodate the TT&C requirements for NGSO satellites with short duration missions MHz: WRC-19 agenda item 1.16, to consider issues related to wireless access systems, including radio local area networks. May include additional spectrum allocations to the mobile service GHz: WRC-19 agenda item 1.13, to consider identification of frequency bands for the future development of IMT, including possible additional allocations to the mobile service on a primary basis, in accordance with Resolution 238. Above 24 GHz: FCC Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, Use of Spectrum Bands Above 24 GHz for Mobile Radio Services, GN Docket No : Solicitation of comments on mobile use in the following bands GHz, GHz, GHz, GHz 18

19 Other Space Spectrum Issues Small Sat: Extremely large growth in small sat deployments are being projected and observed. Spectrum use is increasing and placing pressure on established systems for coordination in UHF, S, and X bands as well as other space allocated bands. Passive Bands: Various international mobile telecommunications (IMT) groups are examining spectrum above 6 GHz as part of 5G growth. Several bands in consideration are adjacent to critical passive bands used for remote sensing. Degradation in ability to use passive bands is a growing concern. Space Weather: In accordance with ITU Resolution 657 (WRC-15), review the results of studies, conducted for WRC-2019, relating to the technical and operational characteristics, spectrum requirements and appropriate radio service designations for space weather sensors, with a view to providing appropriate recognition and protection in the Radio Regulations without placing additional constraints on incumbent services. M. Buscher & T. Funke, TUB Small Satellite Database, SFCG-36 SF36-52/I, June

20 Possible GOES DCS Spectrum Conflicts Spectrum occupancy by Smallsats The output power levels of these TT&C (Earthto-space) can be much higher than the power levels used by the DCS platforms. Consequently, the operation of these TT&C links to Smallsats would cause harmful interference to the DCS receivers onboard the EESS or MetSat satellites. For the space-to-earth direction, the space station antennas used by Smallsats are omnidirectional antennas, which could result in significant levels of interference towards the DCS receivers on the satellite. (The omnidirectional space station antennas transmit energy in all directions, including the space high above, even though it is meant to send signals to the ground stations.)

21 Thank you