ADVANCES in NATURAL and APPLIED SCIENCES

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1 ADVANCES in NATURAL and APPLIED SCIENCES ISSN: Published BYAENSI Publication EISSN: June 11(8): pages Open Access Journal Design of Quad Band K-slotted 2x1 Array UWB Antenna for Enhanced Bandwidth in Wireless Communications 1 G. Guru Prasad, 2 K. Neelima, 3 V. Pranava Bhargavi 1 Asst Professor, Dept. of ECE, SVEC, Tirupati 2 Asst Professor, Dept. of ECE, SVEC, Tirupati. 3 Asst Professor, Dept. of ECE, SVCET, Chittoor Received 28 March 2017; Accepted 7 June 2017; Available online 12 June 2017 Address For Correspondence: G. Guru Prasad, Asst Professor, Dept. of ECE, SVEC, Tirupati Copyright 2017 by authors and American-Eurasian Network for ScientificInformation (AENSI Publication). This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). ABSTRACT Antennas are one of the important parts of modern communication systems. Among all antennas, microstrip patch antenna is widely used due to its small size and low cost. In order to operate microstrip patch antenna in multiple selected frequencies, slotting has to be made on the patch with different positions and shapes. Ultrawide band is allocated by FCCI for short range communications like Wi-Fi and WIMAX. The range of Ultra Wideband (UWB) is 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz. There are several unlicensed bands in ultra wide band range. The main goal of this paper is to design an antenna which can operate at all license free bands in ultra wide band and provide more bandwidth to Wi-Fi and WIMAX users. In this paper K- shaped slot is made on the patch. Hence the antenna is operated at four license free bands like GHz, GHz, GHz, and GHz which are allotted for Wi-Fi and WIMAX applications. Now-a-days, the antennas used for Wi-Fi, WIMAX applications can be operated at single frequency. To be operated at multiple frequencies, multiple antennas are required. Instead of using multiple antennas, by making a slot on patch, single antenna can be used to operate at more than one frequency, thereby, enhanced bandwidth can be provided to Wi-Fi and WIMAX users. For better gain, 2x2 Array K- shaped slotted antennas are used. The simulation is performed using IE3D software. KEYWORDS: Ultra wide Band, K-Slot, Enhanced Bandwidth, IE3D INTRODUCTION Wireless communication had changed our lives during past couple of decades. In our homes and work environments, the versatile compact gadgets issue us more flexibility such that we can communicate with any one whenever and wherever. Today we have various utilization of wireless communication systems in every territory, for exemple: Personal Communications Services, Wireless Personal Area Networks, Wireless Local Area Networks which gives solid wireless connections between PCs, versatile gadgets and consumer hardware inside a tactical, The Personal Communications Services spreads everything from cellular telephones that join computerized cams and web browsing to Wireless Local Area Networks, this technology issues us access to the reconciliation to system which connects users without cabling. These short distance wireless applications require more bandwidth with low power utilization capability. Ultra wide band technology is one of the best technologies, suitable for short range wireless personal area network applications due to its high data throughput ability and lower power requirements. According to the regulations released by Federal Communications Commission (FCC), the UWB systems for indoor communication have been allocated the frequency band in the range of GHz for the prosperity of high ToCite ThisArticle: G. Guru Prasad, K. Neelima, V. Pranava Bhargavi., Design of Quad Band K-slotted 2x1 Array UWB Antenna for Enhanced Bandwidth in Wireless Communications. Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences. 11(8); Pages:

2 450 G. Guru Prasad et al., 2017/Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences. 11(8) June 2017, Pages: transmission rate (greater than 100Mb/s) for précised ranges (< 10 meters), long restriction, and less power utilization. Such wireless communication systems have the antennas which plays an extremely important role in wireless communication, so these system requests to design the antennas with expanded functionalities, better beheading, decreased size and lower amelioration cost. WPAN, WLAN are the précised range indoor wireless applications. Still, in the UWB Technology the range is imparted by many other application which prompt obstruction risks among other existing narrowband services, for example, wireless local area network (WLAN) performing in the 5.20GHz (5.15GHz ~ 5.35GHz) and 5.80GHz (5.73GHz ~ 5.83GHz) bands, C-band ( GHz), WIMAX ( GHz) and different services. To challenge the effect created by the frequency interference from several ultra wideband applications, some UWB antennas with band-notched feature have been designed. Ultra Wideband (UWB) is a new technology in wireless communication to transmit and receive pulse based waveforms compressed in the time rather than frequency. This is contrary to the traditional convention of transmitting over a very narrow bandwidth of frequency, typical of standard narrowband systems such as a, b, and Bluetooth. UWB enables the transmission over a wide range of frequencies such that a very low power spectral density can be successfully received. Ultra Wideband is defined as a communication technology that occupies greater bandwidth than that of the operating center frequency. I. Design Equations: Transmission line model is used to design patch antenna. The parameters used to calculate patch dimensions are given below. Frequency f 0 =3GHz Height of substrate h=0.15cm Dielectric constant of substrate =4.1 width (W) of patch is calculated as : W= Substituting c= 3* cm/s, =4.1, =3GHz, we get W=3.2cm Calculation of effective dielectric constant ( ): = + Substituting =4.1, W=3.2cm, and h=0.15cm we get =4.5 Calculation of length extension L: L can be calculated as = x Substituting, W=3.2cm, and h=0.15cm, we get ΔL=0.06cm Calculation of effective length L eff: = Substituting =4.5, c=3* cm/s and =3GHz, we get =2.52cm Calculation of actual length of patch (L): L= - 2 Substituting =2.52cm, and ΔL=0.06cm, we get L=2.4cm Calculation of ground plane dimensions (L g and W g): Dimensions of ground plane can be calculated using Substituting h=0.15cm, L=2.4cm, W=3.2cm, we get L g and W g as 2.9cm and 3.7cm respectively. II. Design And Simulation Using Ie3d: (i) Designed Rectangular Patch Antenna:

3 451 G. Guru Prasad et al., 2017/Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences. 11(8) June 2017, Pages: IE3D software is used to design and simulate Patch antenna. The designed rectangular patch antenna with edge feed is shown in figure 1. Orange color indicates Patch and green color indicates ground plate. Fig. 1: Designed Rectangular Patch Antenna (ii) Designed K Slotted Rectangular Patch Antenna: Designed K-slotted rectangular patch antenna is shown in figure 2. Here K shaped slot is made on the patch in order to operate at multiple frequencies. Fig. 2: Designed k-slot Patch Antenna (iii) Designed K Slotted 2x1 Array Rectangular Patch Antenna: Designed 2x1 k-slotted patch antenna array is shown in figure3. If slot is made on the patch, Gain of the antenna is reduced. So instead of single patch, array is used for better Gain. Fig. 3: Designed 2x1 array k-slot patch antenna

4 452 G. Guru Prasad et al., 2017/Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences. 11(8) June 2017, Pages: (iv) Simulated results of Rectangular Patch Antenna: Return loss: After simulation, the return loss of rectangular patch antenna is shown in figure 4. At 3GHz, obtained return loss is -35dB Fig. 4: Return Loss of Patch Antenna Gain: The simulated gain of rectangular patch antenna is shown in the figure 5. At 3GHz, obtained Gain =4dBi Fig. 5: Gain of Microstrip Patch Antenna Radiation Pattern: The 3D radiation pattern of rectangular patch antenna is shown in figure 6. Fig. 6: Radiation Pattern of Microstrip Patch Antenna (v) Simulated results of K slotted Patch Antenna: Return loss: After simulation the return loss of k-slot rectangular microstrip patch antenna is shown in figure 7

5 453 G. Guru Prasad et al., 2017/Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences. 11(8) June 2017, Pages: Fig. 7: Return Loss of k-slot Microstrip Patch Antenna From the graph, obtained return loss at different frequencies are shown below At 3GHz, return loss=-20db At 4.75GHz, return loss=-13db At 5.5GHz, return loss=-21db At 6.4GHz, return loss=-15db Gain: The simulated gain of k-slotted patch antenna is shown in the figure 8. Fig. 8: Gain of k-slot Patch Antenna From the graph, obtained Gain at different frequencies are shown below At 3GHz, Gain=4dBi At 4.75GHz, Gain=3.8dBi At 5.5GHz, Gain= 3.8dBi At 6.4GHz, Gain= 4dBi Radiation Pattern: The radiation pattern of k-slotted patch antenna is shown in figure 9. Fig. 9: Radiation Pattern of k-slotted Patch Antenna

6 454 G. Guru Prasad et al., 2017/Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences. 11(8) June 2017, Pages: Efficiency: The efficiency of k-slotted patch antenna is shown in figure 10. Fig. 10: Efficiency of k-slot Patch Antenna Array From the graph, obtained Efficiency at different frequencies are shown below At 3GHz, Efficiency = 95% At 4.75GHz, Efficiency = 96% At 5.5GHz, Efficiency = 98% At 6.9GHz, Efficiency = 90% (vi) Simulated results for K slotted 2x1 Patch Antenna Array: Return loss: After simulation the return loss of k-slotted patch antenna array is shown in figure 11. Fig. 11: Return Loss of k-slotted Patch Antenna Array From the graph, obtained Return loss at different frequencies are shown below At 3GHz, return loss= -20dB At 5.5GHz, return loss= -21dB At 4.75GHz, return loss =-13dB At 6.4GHz, return loss= -15dB Gain: The simulated gain of k-slotted Patch Antenna Array is shown in the figure 12.

7 455 G. Guru Prasad et al., 2017/Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences. 11(8) June 2017, Pages: Fig. 12: Gain of k-slot Microstrip Patch Antenna Array From the graph, obtained Gain at different frequencies are shown below At 3GHz, Gain= 7dBi At 4.75GHz, Gain=5.8dBi At 5.5GHz, Gain= 5.8dBi At 6.3GHz, Gain= 6dBi Radiation Pattern: The radiation pattern of k-slotted patch antenna array is shown in figure 13. Fig. 13: Radiation Pattern of k-slot Microstrip Patch Antenna Array Efficiency: The efficiency of k-slot patch antenna array is as shown in figure 14. Fig. 14: Efficiency of k-slotted Patch Antenna Array From the graph, obtained Efficiency at different frequencies are shown below At 3GHz, Efficiency=98% At 5.5GHz, Efficiency=100% At 4.7GHz, Efficiency=95% At 6.4GHz, Efficiency=90%

8 456 G. Guru Prasad et al., 2017/Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences. 11(8) June 2017, Pages: Comparison of Simulated Results Patch K-Slot 2X1 Array At 3GHz, RL =-20dB At 3GHz, RL =-20dB At 4.75GHz, RL =-13dB At 4.75GHz, RL=-13dB Return Loss (RL) At 3GHz, RL= -35dB At 5.5GHz, RL = -21dB At 5.5GHz, RL =-21dB At 6.4GHz, RL = -15dB At 6.4GHz, RL =-15dB Gain At 3GHz, Gain=4dBi At 3GHz, Gain=4dBi At 4.75GHz, Gain=3.8dBi At 5.5GHz, Gain=3.8dBi At 6.4GHz, Gain=4dBi At 3GHz, Gain=7dBi At 4.75GHz, Gain=5.8dBi At 5.5GHz, Gain=5.8dBi At 6.4GHz, Gain=6dBi Efficiency At 3GHz, Efficiency=90% At 3GHz, Efficiency=95% At 4.75GHz, Efficiency=96% At 5.5GHz, Efficiency=98% At 6.4GHz, Efficiency=90% At 3GHz, Efficiency=98% At 4.7GHz, Efficiency=95% At 5.5GHz, Efficiency=100% At 6.4GHz, Efficiency=90% Conclusion And Future Scope: Conclusion: K-slotted 2x1 array patch antenna is designed and simulated using IE3D software and different parameters like return loss, gain, radiation pattern are determined at four different frequency bands for Wi-Fi and WIMAX applications. The proposed antenna have achieved better Gain, stable radiation pattern and satisfied return loss. The simulated results show that the obtained impedance bandwidths are from GHz, GHz, GHz and GHz respectively, good enough for Wi-Fi and WIMAX applications. In addition, the proposed antenna has good radiation characteristics and gains in the four operating bands, so it can emerge as an excellent candidate for multiband wireless generations. Future Scope: The gain of the antenna can be further increased by designing higher order k-slotted patch antenna array. Designing of different shaped slot may increase the parameters like gain, radiation pattern, directivity, return loss. In present work, Microstrip Patch antenna is designed using FR4 epoxy substrate. In future, different substrates with different dielectric constants can be used for better results. REFERENCES 1. Hari Shankar Singh, Mayank Agarwal, Gaurav Kumar Pande and Manoj Kumar Meshram, "A Quad Band Compact Diversity Antenna for GPSL1/WiFi/LTE2500 /WiMAX/HIPERLAN1 Applications," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Ahmed Khidre, Kai-Fong Lee, Atef Z. Elsherbeni and Fan Yang Wide Band Dual-Beam U-Slot Microstrip Antenna; IEEE Transactions On Antennas And Propagation, 61: Sana Arif, Syeda Areeba Nasir, Muhammad Mustaqim and Bilal A. Khawaja, Dual U-Slot Triple Band Microstrip Patch Antenna for Next Generation Wireless Networks, PNEC, NÜST, Karachi, SNS & PCS, 4. Wang Ren, "Compact H-Shaped Slot Antenna for 2.4/5.8GHz WLAN Applications," IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Technology (ICMT). 5. Tze-Hsuan Chang and Jean-Fu Kiang, Compact MultiBand H-Shaped Slot Antenna, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 6: Wang Ren, Compact H-Shaped Slot Antenna for 2.4/5.8GHz WLAN Applications, IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Technology (ICMT). 7. Balanis, A., Antenna Theory: analysis and design,2 nd edition. 8. Guru Prasad, G., Dr.T. Ramashree, P. Srinivasulu, Design of Microstrip Antenna Array for wind Profile Radar, International journal of Electronics and Tele communication and Instrumentation Engneering, ISSN , 4(1): Lin, K.C., C.H. Lin and Y.C. Lin, Simple printed multiband antenna with novel parasitic-element design for multistandard mobile phone applications, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 61(1): Anguera, J., A. Andujar and C. Garcia, Multiband and small coplanar antenna system for wireless handheld devices, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 61(7):