High Technology Control

Transcription

1 High Technology Control Michael Linden ABB National Drives Manager for High Technology Control Pty Ltd

2 High Technology Control Variable Frequency Drives Variable Voltage Variable Frequency Drives Variable Speed Drives

3 What constitutes a quality VSD? Reputable Manufacturer Reasonable Warranty Period Coated PCB s Embedded HLI Full EMC Compliance Connection Kit Inbuilt Power Supply for Field Transducers Environmentally Friendly Manufacturing and Packaging

4 What constitutes a quality VSD? Reputable Manufacturer

5 What constitutes a quality VSD? Reasonable Warranty Period

6 What constitutes a quality VSD? Coated PCB s

7 What constitutes a quality VSD? Embedded HLI APOGEE - FLN

8 What constitutes a quality VSD? Gland for Power IN & OUT Connection to main earth of VSD body Gland for Signals IN & OUT Full EMC Compliance Connection Kit

9 What constitutes a quality VSD? Inbuilt Power Supply for Field Transducers

10 What constitutes a quality VSD? Environmentally Friendly Manufacturing and Packaging

11 What constitutes a quality VSD? Capable of reasonable motor cable lengths Inbuilt choke to Product Standard AS Essential operation included Flying Start Capability Flux Optimisation Real Time Clock and Timer Functions Ability to Cut and Paste Parameters

12 What constitutes a quality VSD? Capable of reasonable motor cable lengths; The distance from the VSD to the motor is critical. Many VSD s have a limited cable run to meet strict EMC 1 ST Environmental Radiated RFI requirements. OK at 10 metres? GOOD

13 What constitutes a quality VSD? BETTER Still OK at 50 metres?

14 What constitutes a quality VSD? BEST Still OK at 75 metres?

15 What constitutes a quality VSD? Inbuilt choke to Product Standard AS

16 What constitutes a quality VSD? Essential operation included

17 What constitutes a quality VSD? Flying Start Capability

18 What constitutes a quality VSD? Flux Optimisation

19 What constitutes a quality VSD? Real Time Clock and Timer Functions

20 What constitutes a quality VSD? Ability to Cut and Paste Parameters

21 What constitutes a quality VSD? Inbuilt RFI-filter as standard for class C2 (Conducted & Radiated) 1 st environment, restricted distribution Limits as per EN55011 Class A Group 1

22 What constitutes a quality VSD? 4kHz Switching 40 C 24/7

23 What constitutes a quality VSD? Analogue Input Type 2 Analogue Inputs 2 Analogue Outputs HMI in Local Language Option Slot 1 Embedded Fieldbus 6 Digital Inputs Bias Termination 3 Relay Outputs - DP Correct EMC Termination Option Slot 2:

24 What constitutes a quality VSD?

25 Motor Considerations for VSD Retrofitting Old motors were not manufactured to withstand the higher switching voltage and dv/dt of a VSD. As a rule-of-thumb, motors with Class F (heat) Insulation are usually OK

26 Motor Considerations for VSD Retrofitting Three choices;

27 Motor Considerations for VSD Retrofitting EMC approved shielded cable should always be used and installed as per the manufacturer s recommendation. No plastic terminal boxes.

28 VSD Cable Considerations As opposed to DOL starting, VSD starting has many advantages The VSD changes AC to DC and back to AC The result of this high speed switching is a waveform that closely resembles a square wave as opposed to a sine wave The consequence of this square wave is an imbalance between the three phases supplying the motor

29 VSD Cable Considerations

30 VSD Cable Considerations Motor Magnetic Asymmetry Drive Output Asymmetry High Drive Switching Frequencies

31 VSD Cable Considerations Improper Grounding interferes with the normal flow of current Current flow should be through the motor frame and earth conductors If there is not a good path provided, the current will find an alternative low impedance path This low impedance path is usually the bearings As previously stated, high carrier frequencies lead to a higher rate of current discharge and EDM damage.

32 VSD Cable Considerations

33 VSD Cable Considerations

34 VSD Cable Considerations

35 VSD Cable Considerations Conductive Shield Short Pigtail EMC Cable Gland Conductive Sealing Gaskets Continuation of the Faraday Shield If an EMC Gland is not used at the motor then the length of the pigtail must be no longer then 5 times the width of the Pigtail

36 VSD Cable Considerations Use symmetrical constructed cables Asymmetrical constructed cables (3P+E+Shield) can be used for motors under 37kW if installed correctly Asymmetrical constructed cables (3P+E+Shield) should not be used for motors above 30kW. Connecting the E conductor at the motor end increases bearing currents The E wire should be connected at the VSD end, and it shall be isolated at the motor end For this situation, a separate PE conductor is required

37 VSD Cable Considerations ABB Motors under < 100kW Standard Motor OK ABB Motors 100kW but < 350kW Insulated NDE Bearing ABB Motors 350kW Insulated NDE Bearing & CMF

38 VSD Cable Considerations

39 Harmonics & RFI what is the difference? 50 Hz 2 khz 100 khz 150 khz 30 MHz MHz HARMONICS Conducted Immunity and Emissions IEC/EN RFI Conducted and Radiated Immunity and Emissions IEC/EN

40 Harmonics & RFI what is the difference? EN55011 is a generic product standard that is applied when there is no product standard available The current terminology is as per , replaced by The terminology of AS is still in use

41 Power Quality - Improvement Power factor is related to electrical efficiency Low power factor means poor electrical efficiency kw to do the work All inductive loads require REAL power and REACTIVE power to operate kvar to maintain the magnetism

42 Power Quality - Improvement

43 Power Quality - Improvement

44 Power Quality - Improvement

45 Power Quality - Improvement

46 Power Quality - Correction What can harmonics do to my network? Heat Cables & Transformers reduce capacity Damage PFC Equipment due to excessive voltage and cause overheating of the capacitors Nuisance tripping of equipment MCB s Low frequency interference with equipment - hum Noisy operation of electro-magnetic equipment

47 Power Quality - Correction Typical VSD Harmonic Input Spectrum

48 Power Quality - Correction What can reduce harmonics? VSD s with inbuilt chokes Passive Harmonic Filters on the I/P of each VSD Higher Pulse Input VSD s Active Front End VSD s Low Harmonic Drives Active Filters

49 Power Quality - Correction Filter 20 Harmonics simultaneously, selectable up to the 50 th Harmonic Reactive power compensation Load balancing Mitigate the 3 rd harmonic if required Floor and Wall Mount options

50 Thank You