VOICE AND VOICEBAND DATA CHANNELS CUSTOMER PREMISES TRANSMISSION AND SIGNALING TEST

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1 i AT&T PRACTICE standard SECTION issue 1, December 1983 Reprinted July 1984 * VOICE AND VOICEBAND DATA CHANNELS CUSTOMER PREMISES TRANSMISSION AND SIGNALING TEST S CONTENTS PAGE CONTENTS PAGE 1. GENERAL A. Test Access B. Test Levels L. Intermodulation Distortion Procedures M. Frequency Shift Procedures c. Test Sets N. Gain Hit, Phase Hit, and Dropout Procedares BENCHMARK TESTS TROUBLE TESTING ON-PREMISES TEST S GLOSSARY OF TERMS A. Continuity Test Procedure Figures B Hz Loss Test Procedure INTERLOCATION TEST S... A. Continuity Test Procedures..,. B. Signaling Test Procedures Wire to 4-Wire Conversion at Tester s End Wire to 4-Wire Conversion at Far-End Wire to 4-Wire Conversion at Both Ends c Hz Loss Test Procedure Flowcharts D. Three-Tone Slope Test Procedures Required Preservice and Trouble Tests. 29 E. Noise Test Procedure Tables F. Impedance Balance Procedure A. Typical Loapback Operation G. Peak-to-Average Ratio Test Procedures B. Intermodulation Distortion Noise Corrections H. Attenuation Distortion Test Procedures GENERAL i. Envelope Delay Distortion Test Procedures J. K. Impulse Noise Procedures Phase Jitter Procedures *Reprintedto ~ompiywith modifiedfind judgment This section covers procedures for performing transmission and signaling tests on voice and voiceband data channels. These procedures cover the work operations required to test the channels at a customer premises (CP). References are frequently made to customer or equipment operation sequences AT&T TECHNOLOGIES, INC. - PROPRIETARY Printed in U.S.A. Page 1

2 SECTION performed on the connecting entities side or the network interface (NI). These are given for general informational purposes to provide a basic understanding of circuit operation. Actual responsibilities included in this section are limited to the network side of the NI Whenever this section is reissued, the reason(s) for reissue will be given in this paragraph The far end of a channel maybe terminated at either another customer premises or at a central office (CO). Coordination between locations and possibly dispatches to these locations may be required to complete the tests in this section Customer channels are tested for three major purposes: (1) initially to ensure that the channel meets the parameter limits that have been guaranteed to the customer, (2) thereafter to ensure that the limits are still met, (3) and to locate the correct troubles encountered on the channel For those channels with signaling, the signaling tests should be performed immediately following the transmission continuity test and prior to the remaining transmission tests. When single frequency (SF) signaling is used, the 1OO4-HZloss test must be completed to that portion of the channel carrying the SF signal prior to the signaling test. The transmission tests are often dependent on being able to provide proper signaling on a channel in order to allow end-to-end transmission testing. This section will list the required procedures starting with onpremises tests and proceeding through interlocution continuity, signaling, and transmission tests All tests are not required on all channels, but the tests that are required for a specific channel should be made in the order given in this section. This is to ensure that each parameter is tested in a manner that gives correct results. Failure of previous test results to meet objectives will require correction before reliable results can be obtained from subsequent tests. For example, if the loss of a channel is not within its prescribed limits, the remaining tests (such as C-message noise) will not truly reflect the performance of the channel because they will be offset from their reference by the error in the loss. tion for transmission and Section for signaling. Transmission and signaling considerations are covered in Sections and Testing at central office is covered in Section The procedures in this section assume that all tests of individual facilities and equipment have been made and the individual components making up the channel have met specific operating parameters. This includes the verifying of end-to-end loss on a carrier system and whatever carrier system lineup is required, the setting of prescription settings on all equipment, and any other requirements established by the facility and equipment sections which are part of preparing the facilities and equipment for use in providing service. The individual components of a channel must meet their own limits prior to testing the channel for its limits Some channels, particularly those associated with switched service networks and tandem networks, require additional tests unique to their service, These tests are usually overall tests of the built-up connection rather than stand-alone tests of the channel. These additional tests are covered in other Practices. A partial list of these sections is as follows: SKTION TITLE Common Control Switching Arrangements Automatic Voice Network Enhanced Private Switched Network Electronic Tandem Network All customer premises equipment (CPE) must be disconnected before tests are performed. The tester should be familiar with the transmission and signaling considerations, requirements, and procedures covered in the following sections: SKTION TITLE 1.07 The required tests and their associated limits General Introduction, for each type of channel can be found in Sec- Preservice and Maintenance, Page 2

3 1SS 1, SECTION SECTION $ A, Test Access TITLE Voice and Voiceband Data Channels Transmission, Test Considerations, Voice and Voiceband Data Channels Signaling, Test Considerations, Voice and Voiceband Data Channels Transmission Tests, Requirements and Limits, Voice and Voiceband Data Channels Voice and Voiceband Data Channels, Signaling Tests Requirements and Limits Voice and Voiceband Data Channels, Central Office Transmission and Signaling Test Procedures 1.13 Metallic Facility Terminals (MFTs), or equivalent, can be accessed with a test extender. Other channel equipment, such as repeaters, amplifiers, pads, coils, etc, often have associated voice frequency jacks. Where no such equipment exists, the distributing frame terminations (or cross-connect blocks) would be the logical test access point Testing at the distributing frame requires physically disconnecting and reconnecting the frame jumper wires, and extreme caution must be used to avoid interrupting other service Many 4-wire channels are equipped with loopback devices at one or more points on the channel. These loopbacks, or equivalent, shown in Table A can be used to perform some tests without the need to dispatch to unstaffed locations. Additional information on Ioopbacks can be found in Section B. Test levels 1.16 The levels used for testing channels vary according to the test method used and the type of channel. The following list gives the proper levels to be used when testing according to this section. For manual testing of voice channels, a level of OdBmO is used. If the holding tone is required, use a 13 dbmo Awess to any channel for testing purposes should beat a known impedance and test level. (See circuit Fe60rds.) If the impedance or test level is unknown, useful results cannot be obtained from the transmission tests. Aeoess at the CP is generally at a network interface jack or at a cross-connect block. The use of a moss-connect block will often require removal of the C bridging clips from the crossconnect block lugs, and extreme caution should be used to avoid interrupting other services on the same block. If the far end is another customer premises, the same access points and cautions apply. If the far end is a CO, the choice of test access points has much greater variety Testing of carrier systems can normally be performed at associated voice frequency patch boards provided with the carrier terminals. Some carrier terminals, however, require the use of a channel unit extender at the channel bank. For manual testing of voiceband data channels, a level of 13 dbmo is used. Ca utjon should be taken when testing voiceband data channels because the test levels given may be in decode level points (DLPs) [as found in the work order record and details (WORD)], which have already been converted to 13 dbmo. If this situation exists, the test tone signal would be applied at the level stated on the WORD or equivalent. The DLP is the power level in dbm of a sine wave that would result from decoding the digital milliwatt. At the receive end, the DLPs are adjusted by loss pads. These levels are all referenced C. Test Sets to O dbmo Tests sets used for testing these channels should meet the requirements of AT& T Technical Reference Publications (PUB) 41008, 41009, and In addition, test equipment must be capable of simulating the electrical characteristics as described in Section Portable test equipment in Page 3

4 proper calibration is required to test channels at the..-~stomer premises.,.. BENCHMARK TESTS Z.OI Benchmarks are measurements made on a loopback (Table A) or l-way basis when the Eannel is known to meet all requirements. They are performed immediately following the completion of yeservice tests. The results are recorded for later reference purposes. 2.o2 For trouble testing, benchmark-type measurements should be made and compared to the benchmarks made during preservice testing. Admittedly, without specified limits (allowable deviation from these benchmark test results), it will be difficult to locate small troubles Section lists limits and parameter tests for benchmark measurements. The benchmark tests are described in Section The benchmark measurements are recommended for the following interlocution tests: Continuity 1OO4-HZLoss Three-Tone Slope Peak-to-average ratio (P/AR). 3. ON-PREMISES TEST S A. Continuity Test Procedure 3.o1 The most convenient way of testing continuity on the premises is to use a tone source and an earphone, handset, and speaker, or equivalent device, to monitor the channel. The tests access points should be chosen for these tests that areas far as possible from each other. Generally, one point will be where the channel first enters the premises and the other will be at the NI. Flowchart 1 gives a brief outline of the required steps for testing a channel at a customer premises and can be used as a guide. The sections referenced in the flowchart give tests for meeting the requirements. Note: The continuity test is used to check for an uninterrupted connection between the two farthest points at the CP. This test does not give any assurance as to the proper installation or adjustment of equipment.!!k \R These procedures do not include instructions for setting up and operating E the particular test sets. Detailed instructions for setting up test arrangements and operating the test equipment can be found in the sections coveringprocedures for testboards and test cen ters and the sections covering the test sets. 1 Examine the circuit record to determine the following (a) The type of signaling used (b) (c) (d) (e) The test access points to be used The required supervisory signal to establish and hold the transmission path for testing (simulated off-hook condition), if applicable Transmission levels and impedance at the test access points Any unique requirements for the particular channel.

5 1SS 1, SECTION Access the channel to be tested, and establish the proper signaling conditions, if applicable. 3 At the first transmission test access point at the CP, apply a 1OO4-HZtone at the correct level in reference to the transmission level point (TLP) shown on the circuit record and test levels in Part lb. 4 Monitor the channel at the last test access point at the CP (using an earphone, handset, and speaker, or equivalent). Requirement: Tone is heard. 5 If the tone is heard, have it interrupted or otherwise positively identified as the correct tone. Requirement: Tone is positively identified. 6 If the requirements for Steps 4 and 5 are met, go to Step 8. If the requirement for either Step 4 or 5 is not met, isolate the trouble by monitoring at each test access point between the first test access point and the last. Requirement: Trouble is isolated to connection or equipment unit. 7 Have the defective connection or equipment repaired or replaced. Repeat Steps 1 through 5. 8 Repeat Steps 1 through 5 for the opposite direction of transmission where applicable. 9 For multipoint channels, repeat Steps 1 through 8 for each leg of the channel going through the location. B Hz Loss Test Procedure set (TMS). If a 1OO4-HZtone is on the channel from the previously made continuity test, go directly into 3.02 The 1OO4-HZ loss measurement is typically the loss test procedures. made with a suitable transmission measuring, Rk.. [ These procedures do not include instructions for setting up and operating the test equipment; neither do they include recommends tions for test cords, etc. Detailed informs tion can be found in sections covering procedures for performing tests at testboards or test centers and the sections covering the test sets. 1 If the transmission path is still established from previous test procedures, go to Step 5. Page 5

6 . SECTION At the NI or equivalent test access point, access the channel to be tested. Provide the necessary supervisory signal to establish and hold the transmission path (ie, simulated off-hook). Using a TMS oscillator or equivalent, set it to transmit 1OO4-HZtone at the correct level and impedance with reference to the TLP shown on the circuit record at the NI or equivalent access point. (See Test Levels in Part lb.) Apply the 1OO4-HZtone at the NI (or equivalent) test access point transmitting toward the line facility. Measure the tone at the transmit test access point of the line facility. Requirement: The correct level is received (see circuit records) If the requirement for Step 6 is not met, correct level deviations by adjusting the appropriate amplifier or correcting the pad values. If the channel is a 4-wire, test other direction by removing the tone at the NI and applying 1OO4-HZ at the line facility receive test access point at the correct level and impedance. Measure the tone at the NI (or equivalent) receive test access point. Requirement: Same as Step If requirement in Step 9 is not met, adjust amplifiers or correct pad values in the channel to meet the requirement. For multipoint channels, repeat Steps 1 through 10 for each leg of the channel under test. 4. INTERLOCATION TEST S 4.01 The procedures used for interlocution testing are similar to the procedures for on-premises testing. These test procedures are presented in the recommended order of testing,. and this order should be followed. All tests are not required for all channels, and Sections and should be consulted for the required tests and their associated limits. Flowchart 1 gives a brief outline of the required steps for testing a channel at customer premises and can be used as a guide. The sections ref - erenced in the flowchart give tests for meeting requirements. A. Continuity Test Procedures 4.02 The most convenient way to test the continuity of a channel is by applying 1OO4-HZtone at one end of the channel or channel segment to be tested and monitoring it at an extreme test access point with an earphone, headset, and speaker, or equivalent. The test tone may be supplied from a tone generator, oscillator, or transmit portion of a TMS. Page 6

7 1SS 1, SECTION Switched channels may get a test tone from a dial-up milliwatt number or the office milliwatt tone generator supply. points. It does not give any indication as to whether equipment has been installed or adjusted properly. Note: The continuity test is used to check for an uninterrupted connection between two R \R These procedures do not include instructions for setting up and operating 5 test equipment such as the tone generator, etc. Neither do they include recommended test cords. This informs tion can be found in the sections covering procedures for performing these tests at a testboard and test center. 1 Examine the circuit record to determine the following (a) The type of signaling used -- (b) (c) (d) (e) The test access points to be used The required supervisory signal to establish and hold the transmission path for testing (ie, simulated off-hook condition), if applicable The transmission levels and impedance at the test access points Any unique requirements for the particular channel. 2 Access the channel to be tested, and establish the proper signaling conditions, if applicable. 3 At the NI or equivalent test access point, apply 1OO4-HZtone at the correct level with reference to the TLP shown on the circuit record. (See Test Levels in Part lb.) 4 If the far end has performed continuity tests at that end, have the test person at the far end monitor the channel at the testboard access point, NI, or equivalent. If the far end has not performed continuity tests, have the test person monitor at the test access point farthest away from where the tone enters the location. Requirement: Tone is heard. 5 If the tone is heard, have it interrupted at the originating test point to verify that the correct tone is being heard. Requirement: Tone interruption is heard. 6 If requirement for Step 4 or 5 is not met, have the far end determine if the trouble is at that end by monitoring the tone at the receive test access point of the facility. Requirement: Tone is heard. 7 If the requirement in Step 6 is not met, verify that tone is leaving on the facility toward the far end. Page 7

8 SECTION If the tone is leaving your office, have the facility trouble cleared. If the requirement of Step 6 is met, have the far end isolate trouble by monitoring tone at each test access point between the line facility and the original test access point. Requirement: Trouble is isolated to a connection or equipment unit Have defective connection reconnected or equipment repaired or replaced. Repeat Steps 1 through b. Have the far end apply 1OO4-HZtone at the correct level with reference to the TLP shown on circuit records at the testboard access point, NI, or equivalent. Monitor the tone at the NI or at equivalent test access point. Requirement: Tone is heard. 13 If the tone is heard, have it interrupted to verify that the correct tone is heard. Requirement: Tone interruption is verified. 14 If the tone is not heard, monitor it at the facility receive test access point. Requirement: Tone is heard If requirement in Step 14 is met, isolate the trouble by monitoring at each test access point between the facility and the NI or equivalent test access point. Clear trouble and repeat Steps 11 through 13. If the requirement for Step 14 is not met, have far end verify that tone is leaving that location at the facility input test access point. Requirement: Tone is heard by far end If the requirement for Step 17 is not met, have far end isolate and clear trouble at that location. If the requirement for Step 17 is met, have the facility trouble cleared and repeat Steps 11 through Page 8 &

9 1SS 1, SECTION B. Signaling Test Procedures 4.o3 The following procedures cover signaling tests between the customer premises and the far end of the channel. These tests, when required, should be completed before transmission tests are made. The far end may be another central office or customer premises. Signaling test requirements and limits are shown in Section Many types of signaling are in use on voice channels today. To test the signaling on a channel, several things must be considered, including the type of signaling, at which end of the channel the test is being conducted, and the direction of signaling that is being tested. 4.o5 As an example, a simple loop-start foreign exchange circuit provides 48 Vdc and ground, ringing current, various tones from the originating end, on-hook/off-hook, and pulsing from the terminating end. The conditions that must be applied and detected are therefore different, depending on the direction of signaling being tested. At this time there is no commonly available test set that performs all the required functions for universal signaling testing, however, a variety of existing general purpose and specialized test instruments can be used. (See Section for detailed circuitry to be used in specialized test instruments for test access and customer premises equipment signal/ supervision simulation. ) 4.06 The testing objective is to assure that the channel meets the limits and operates satisfactorily. Meeting the limits for all of the applicable signaling tests will verify that the channel operates properly. However, for simple channels [eg, those consisting of bar cable or having only loop signaling extenders/loop signaling repeaters (LSE/LSR) or equivalent], loop current and dial tone tests will suffice for preservice tests. The remaining tests will be performed only as necessary for trouble reports. Complex channels (those with other signaling enhancement equipment in addition to LSE/LSR) will require that all the preservice signaling tests be made. JVote: Pulsing tests are excluded except on trouble basis for transmission grades that are classified as line channels. (See Section for transmission grades.) 4.o7 When the channel does not meet the specified limits or does not function properly, the channel must be sectionalized to the specific signaling system or equipment causing the problem. Testing between locations is accomplished at the NI jacks, or other access points as available. Once sectionalized, the defective signaling system or equipment will be tested and readjusted in accordance with the applicable Practices and Section Kk R These procedures do not include instructions for setting up and operating ~ the particular test sets. Detailed instructions for setting up test arrangements and opera ting the test equipment can be found in sections covering procedures for testboards and test centers and the sections covering the test sets. Note: Some tests will require coordination with the far end. If this is the case, arrangements must be made to ensure that the tester at the far end is available and has the proper test equipment available. 1 Determine the type of signaling used on the channel and the direction of signaling to be tested from the circuit records. 2 Determine the required tests per Section or the circuit records. Page 9

10 SECTION Connect the test set(s) to the channel at the NI or equivalent test access point. 4 Perform the required tests to verify that the requirements have been met per Section or in accordance with the applicable practices. Any requirements that are not met must be corrected, and the applicable tests repeated. c Hz Loss Test Procedure ment to provide a tone and to measure it in both directions. A switched channel can be tested by using 4.08 The 1OO4-HZ measurement is made with a a dial-up tone generator and the receive portion of TMS. Nonswitched channels require a tone the TMS. source and TMS at both ends of the channel or seg- \_!!l!r R< These procedures do not include instructions for setting up and operating E A the test equipment. Neither do they include recommends tions for test cords, etc. Detailed informs tion can be found in sections covering procedures for performing tests at testboards or test centers and the sections covering the test sets. Examine the circuit record to determine the following (a) The type of signaling used (b) The test access points to be used (c) The required supervisory signal to establish and hold the transmission path for testing (simulated off-hook condition), if applicable (d) (e) The Any transmission levels and impedance at the test access points unique requirements for the particular channel. Access the channel to be tested at the NI or equivalent test access point. Provide the proper supervisory signal (ie, simulated off-hook) to hold the transmission path for testing, if applicable. At the NI or equivalent test access point on the channel transmitting toward the far end, apply 1004 Hz at the correct level with reference to the TLP shown on the circuit record for that test point. The Page 10

11 1SS 1, SECTION OO4-HZtone maybe derived from the transm~~ Portion f the TMS or a separate oscillator. (See Test Levels in Part lb.) 5 Request the far end to measure the tone. ~egu~rerncmti The measured ievel shall be correct. Dev~atiQn limits are included in Section If the requirements are met, go to Step If the deviation exceeds the limits, ~~ionalize th: ~ause of the deviat~q~ by making measurements at intermediate access points between the tine Orlgln and the far end test access point. Have the necessary corrective action taken to bring the level within the required limit. JVote: The corrective action may require realignment of carrier facilities, MFT equipment, pad adjustments or changes, etc After corrective action is taken, repeat Steps 2 through 5. At the far end test access point, have 1~ HZ applied in the opposite direction at the correct level and impedance. With the TMS measure the tone at the NI or equivalent test access point. Requirement: The measurement shall be correct with reference to the TLP shown on the circuit record at that point. (See Section for deviation limits.) If the requirements are met, go to Step If the deviation in Step 10 exceeds the limit, isolate the cause of the deviation by having the tone measured at intermediate points between the far end and the point where the measurement was made. Have the necessary corrective action taken to clear the cause of the transmission measurement deviation. After the corrective action is complete, repeat Steps 9 and 10. Record and retain the benchmark test measurement (Section ) results on all channels. D. Three-Tone Slope Test Procedures tone at 1004 Hz, which is in the middle of the voiceband. The slope is the difference between 1004 Hz and the higher and lower frequencies The 3-tone slope test is made for the purpose of comparing levels of a frequency at the lower end of the voiceband (404 Hz) and a frequency at the 4.10 Measurements for nonswitched channels are higher end of the voiceband (2804 Hz) with the test made using a tone transmitter (oscillator) at Page 11

12 SECTION one end of the channel and the TMS receiver at the 4.11 Refer to Section for required 3- other end. Switched channels may use a dial-up step tone slope limits, and note these on your test generator for the tone source and a TMS receiver to record. measure the tones. 1 g!fr These procedures do not include instructions for setting up and operating A the oscillator and TMS receiver or selecting the proper test cords, etc. De. tailed steps for setting up the test equipment can be found in sections coveringprocedures for testboards and test cen ters and the sections covering the test sets. Examine $~g circuit record to determine the following (a) The type of signaling used (~) The test access points to be used (e) The?equired SUperViSOrysignal toestablish and hold the transmission path for testing (simulated off.hwk condition), if applicable (d) The transmission levels and impedance at the test access points (e) Any unique requirements for the particular channel Access the channel at the NI or equivalent test access point. Provide appropriate supervisory signal to hold the channel for test (ie, simulated off-hook), if applicable. Connect a tone transmitter (oscillator) to the NI jack or equivalent test access point. ~uest distant location to connect TMS receiver to the channel receive test access point. Transmit 1004 Hz at the correct level with reference to the TLP shown on the circuit records. (See Test Levels in Part lb.) Request far end to measure and record reading. Transmit 404 Hz; then 2804 Hz at the same level as the 1OO4-HZtone. Have far end measure and record the level of each tone. Requirement: The difference between the 1004 Hz and 404 Hz and between 1004 Hz and 2804 Hz measurements shall be within the required limits in Section If the requirements are met, go to Step If requirement in Step 9 is not met, sectionalize the trouble by repeating Steps 4 through 9 for each section or segment of the channel. Page 12 b

13 6s 1, SxTlON Record and retain the benchmark test measurement (Section results cm all channels. E. Noise Test Procedure 4.12 The objective of the noise test is to determine whether noise exists on the channel above the acceptable levels. If the noise is excessive, the tests are used to isolate the noise to a particular part of the channel. IVote: Noise measurements should be made during network busy hours to represent the worst noise conditions of the channel Noise measurements are made with a noise measuring set equipped with either a C- message (voice channel) or C-Notched (data channels) filter. C-Notched measurements require a 1OO4-HZholding tone be placed on the channel while the measurement is being made. Noise measurements can be made with the channel looped back or may be made at each end of the channel Refer to Section l(KI for the explanation of the requirements and limits for noise measurements. Record these requirements for use when performing the tests. Note: The voice frequency cable noise is specified in dbrnc; it should not be converted to dbrnco. Multiple cable facilities connected in tandem count as one facility. It should not be corrected by the value of any gain or loss in equipment between the cable and test set. For this situation, the amount of gain should be subtracted and the amount of loss should be added to the measurement.!!lr k. u< These procedures do not include instructions for setting up and operating E A the noise measuring set. Detailed instructions for setting up test arrangements can be found in the sections covering the procedures for testboards and test centers and the sections covering the test sets. 1 Examine the circuit record to determine the following (a) The type of signaling used (b) The test access points to be used (c) The required supervisory signal to establish and hold the transmission path for testing (simulated off-hook condition), if applicable (d) The transmission levels and impedance at the test access points (e) Any unique requirements for the particular channel. Page 13

14 SECTION Access the channel to be tested at the NI or equivalent test access point. 3 Provide the appropriate supervisory signal to hold the channel for testing (ie, simulated off-hook), if applicable. 4 Request the far end to terminate the channel in 600 ohms (or apply a 1OO4-HZholding tone for data channel). 5 Connect a noise measuring set to the receive test access point (NI or equivalent) and measure noise. Reguirment: The noise measurement shall meet the required limits in Section If the requirements are met, go to Step 9. 6 If requirement in Step 5 is not met, identify the character of the noise by listening to the channel. (See Section for common causes of the identified noise.) 7 Sectionalize the noise by terminating the voice channel (or applying data channel 1OO4-HZholding tone) at various intermediate test points. 8 After the noise has been sectionalized and cleared, repeat Step 5. 9 Have the far end connect a noise set to the receive test access point of the channel, and measure the noise in the opposite direction. (Terminate the channel in 600 ohms at the opposite end). Requirement Same as Step 5. If the requirements are met, go to Step If the requirement in Step 9 is not met, repeat Steps 7 and 8 in the opposite direction. 11 Record and maintain all test measurement results. F. Impedance Balance Pracedure 4.15 The impedance balance measurements are required whenever 4-wire (4W) to 2-wire (2W) conversions are in the transmission path. The measurement indicates the presence of echo caused by an impedance mismatch or discontinuity in the channel, causing a part of the signal energy to travel back toward its source. 4,16 Impedance balance measurements are made with a return loss measuring set (RLMS) capable of measuring echo return loss (ERL) and singing return loss (SRL) There are several combinations of channels that utilize 2W to 4W conversions in the transmission path. Figures 1 through 3 illustrate some of the most common arrangements with 2W to 4W conversions, 4.18 The impedance balance measurements are made in the 4-wire to 2-wire direction from either a 4-wire or 2-wire point on the channel.

15 1SS 1, SECTION 313=130= Before starting the test, examine the circuit on the RLMS. As an example, if the transmit level at record to determine the TLP at the 4-wire side the test access point is 16 dbm and the receive level test access pointa and subtract the transmit level is +7 dbm, subtracting 16 from +7 gives +23, ie, 7 from the receive level. The resulting number is added ( 16) = 23. When this number is added to the limit to the impedance balance requirement in Section 313- in Section , the sum is the minimum read , which gives the limit for the actual reading ing required on the RLMS. R These procedures do not include instructions for operating the RLMS, nor ~ do they include details for setting up the equipment for test. These instructions can be found in the sections covering procedures for testboards and test centers and the sections covering the test sets. 1 Examine the circuit record to determine the following (a) The type of signaling used (b) The test access points to be used (c) The required supervisory signal to establish and hold the transmission path for testing (simulated off-hook condition), if applicable (d) The transmission levels and impedance at the test access points (e) Any unique requirements for the particular channel Access the channel at the NI or equivalent test access point. Provide the appropriate supervisory signal to hold the channel for testing (ie, simulated off-hook), if applicable. Connect an RLMS to the channel at the test access point (Fig. 2), 5 Set the trans-hybrid loss to Oon the RLMS. 6 7 Have the far end place a termination (600 ohms at CP or 900 ohms at CO in series with 2.16 microfarad capacitor) at the far end of the 2-wire section of the channel. Make an ERL measurement. Requirement: The ERL measurement shall be within the required limits per Section Make SRL-high and SRL-1OWmeasurements. Note: The lowest of the two measurements is considered the SRL. Requirement: The SRL measurement shall be within the required limits in Section If the requirements are met, go to Step 10. Page 15

16 SECTION If the requirements for Steps 8 and 9 are not met, adjust the network build-out capacitance of the precision balancing network of the 4W hybrid involved. 10 Repeat the impedance balance test for each 4-~ ire to 2-wire conversion on the channel. 11 Record and maintain all test measurement results for future maintenance reference. G. Peak-to-Average Ratio Test Procedures and are susceptible to errors caused by frequency shift and phase distortion on the line A P/AR transmitter and receiver are required at each end of the channel to be tested. Atten Refer to Section for measurement tion must be given to the model of test set being used. requirements before starting the test. Record The versions of the Western Electric 27 series sets requirements on test sheet. earlier than 27F are incompatible with later versions k..>, R. These procedures do not include instructions for setting up the 27For equiv-.5 alent test equipment for performing the P/AR tests. Detailed procedures can be found in sections which provide procedures for testboards and test centers and the sections covering the test sets. 1 Examine the circuit record to determine the followin~ (a) The type of signaling used {bj The test access points to be used (CJ The required supervisory signal to establish and hold the transmission path for testing (simulated off-hook condition), if applicable (d) The transmission levels and impedance at the test access points (e) Any unique requirements for the particular channel. 2 Access the channel to be tested at the M or equivalent test access point. 3 Provide the appropriate supervisory signal to hold the channel for test (ie, simulated off-hook), if applicable. 4 Connect the P/AR set to the channel and request far end to do the same. Page 16

17 1SS 1, SECTION tk) Transmit P/AR test signal and request far end to measure it. Requirement: The measurement of the P/AR test signal shall be within the required liniits, per Section Have far end apply P/AR signal and measure it at the NI or equivalent test access point. Requirement: Same as Step 5. If the requirements are met, go to Step 8. 7 If requirement for Step 5 or 6 is not met, perform return loss, envelope delay, or attenuation distortion tests to determine cause of trouble. 8 Record and retain the benchmark test measurement (Section ) results on.s11channels. H. Attenuation Distortion Test Procedures 4.22 Attenuation distortion tests are performed on channels with C conditioning. The tests are similar to the 3-tone slope tests, except this test procedure compares all frequencies from 304 to 3204 Hz with 1004 Hz. The comparisons are made by measuring the frequencies as shown in Section for reference to transmission grades or conditioning When testing channels with 2600 Hz single frequency signaling, measurements are made at 2504 and 2704 Hz and interpolated the 2604 Hz measurement. to determine 4.24 A TMS is required at each end for these tests. Refer to Section for requirements and limits, and record them for reference in the test procedures. Note: The measurements are not valid if taken from the attenuation meter of an envelope delay test set during an envelope delay distortion test. R \RC These procedures do not include instructions for setting up and operating ~ the TMS for performing attenuation distortion test. Detailed instructions can be found in the sections covering the test procedures for the testboard or test center and the sections covering the test sets. 1 Examine the circuit record to determine the following: (a) The type of signaling used (b) The test access points to be used Page 17

18 SECTION (c) (d) (e) The required supervisory signal to establish and hold the transmission path for testing (simulated off-hook condition), if applicable The transmission levels and impedance at the test access points Any unique requirements for the particular channel Access the channel to be tested at the NI or equivalent test access point. Provide the appropriate supervisory signal to hold the channel for testing (ie, simulated off-hook), if applicable. Connect signal source (oscillator) to the NI transmit test access point. Request far end to connect TMS. Transmit each of the frequencies shown in Section at the correct level with reference to the TLP shown on the circuit record. (See Test Levels in Part lb.) Request far end to measure and record each frequency level measurement. Compare level measurements of each frequency in Step 7 with measured level of 1004 Hz (2204 Hz for T1 conditioned channels or transmission grade TA). (See Section ) Requirement: The attenuation distortion measurements shall be within the required limits, per Section Have far end transmit frequencies per Section at the correct levels with reference to the TLP shown on the circuit record. 10 Measure and record each frequency level. 11 Compare measurements of each frequency with the measured level of 1004 Hz (2204 Hz for T1 conditioned channels or transmission grade TA). (See Section ) Requirement: Same as Step 8. If the requirements are met, go to Step If the requirements are not met, make attenuation distortion measurements on each facility segment. 13 If facilities meet required limits, equalization is required on the channel. Refer to the channel designer for correction. 14 After equalization is added, repeat Steps 2 through Record and maintain all test measurement results. Page 18

19 1SS 1, SECTION Envelope Delay Distortion Test Procedures The attenuation distortion limits must be met before the envelope delay distortion tests are made The envelope delay distortion measurement is made to determine the difference between the 4.27 Refer to Section for a description delay at any frequency in the voiceband and the delay of envelope delay distortion requirements and at a reference frequency (generally 1804 Hz). limits. Note the requirements before starting the tests The envelope delay distortion measurements are made with a voiceband gain and delay set.!!r \R These procedures do not include instructions for setting up and operating E A the test set for making envelope delay distortion tests. Detailed procedures can be found in the sections covering the procedures for testboards or test centers. 1 Examine the circuit record to determine the following (a) The type of signaling used (b) (c) (d) (e) The test access points to be used The required supervisory signal to establish and hold the transmission path for testing (simulated off-hook condition), if applicable The transmission levels and impedance at the test access points Any unique requirements for the particular channel. 2 Access the channel to be tested at the NI or equivalent test access point. 3 Provide the proper supervisory signal to hold the channel operated (ie, simulated off-hook), if applicable. 4 Connect the envelope delay distortion test set to the transmit and receive test access points at both ends of the channel. 5 With the far end in repeat mode and following the initial setup between the two test sets, transmit the required frequencies per Section at the correct level in reference to the TLP shown on the circuit record. (See Test Levels in Part lb.) 6 While sending the required frequencies, measure and record the delay received. Note: The delay received is, in effect, the delay received at the far end, and it must be recorded as such. 7 Change the envelope delay distortion test set to repeat mode and have the far end send the required frequencies per Section at the correct level in referehce to the TLP shown on the circuit record. (See Test Levels in Part lb.) Page 19

20 SECTION While the far end is sending the required frequencies, have the far end record the delay received. Note: The delay received is, in effect, the delay received at the near end, and it must be recorded as such. 9 Compare the delay of each frequency measured relative to the 1804-Hz reference frequency with the parameter limits in Section Requirement: The delay shall meet the envelope delay distortion limits in Section If the requirements are met, go to Step If any limits are not met, test each facility segment to be sure facilities meet the delay distortion requirements. (See Section ) If facilities meet the requirement individually, request the design engineer to add appropriate equalization to the channel. Repeat Steps 2 through 11 after equalization has been added. For multipoint channels, repeat Steps 2 through 12 for each leg of the channel. Record and maintain all test measurement results for future maintenance reference. J. Impulse Noise Procedures is usually run for a period of 15 minutes, and the number of peaks exceeding the threshold setting of 4.28 Impulse noise is a short interval (less than 4 the impulse noise measuring set are compared with ms) peak that is above the steady state noise the limits given in Section level of a channel. The measurement of impulse noise is the determination of how many of these noise 4.29 Impulse noise is measured with C-message peaks exceed a certain level in a given time and is weighting, and compandored channels are done with an impulse noise measuring set. The test measured with a holding tone and notch filter. R % R. These procedures do not include instructions for setting up and operating.5 the test sets. Detailed instructions for setting up test arrangements and opera ting the test equipment can be found in the sections covering procedures for testboards and test centers and the sections covering the test sets. Page 20

21 , 1SS 1, SECTION Examine the circuit record to determine the following (a) (b) The type of signaling The test access points used to be used (c) (d) (e) (f) The required supervisory signal to establish and hold the transmission path for testing (simulated off-hook condition), if applicable The transmission levels and impedance at the test access points The presence of compandored facilities on the channel Any unique requirements for the particular channel Access the channel to be tested, and establish the proper signaling conditions, if applicable. Set the threshold of the impulse measuring set to the limit given in Section Have the far end terminate the channel, or apply a 1oO4-HZ holding tone 13 db below the TLP for channels with compandored facilities. Set the test set timer to 15 minutes and start the test. (If the test set does not have a timer, start the test and manually stop it at the end of 15 minutes.) At the completion of the test, compare the number of impulses shown on the test set to the limit in Section Requirement: The limit should not be exceeded. If the requirements are met, go to Step If the reading is above the limit, sectionalize the trouble by taking impulse noise measurements on the channel segments and have the trouble corrected. Once the trouble is corrected, repeat the impulse noise test to verify that the channel is now within limits. Perform the impulse noise test in the opposite direction of transmission. Record and maintain all test measurement results. Page 21 k-

22 SECTION K. Phase Jitter Procedures 4.31 Since phase jitter tests are adversely affected by noise, C-notched noise measurements should always be made before phase jitter measure Phase jitter is the instantaneous shifting of ments. If the C-notched noise is not within the limits the ph~q~ or zwo crossings of a signal. It is in Section , it must be brought within measured in dearees using a phase jitter test set, and these limits before the phase jitter measurements the limits are given in Section are made.!!le -&A R These procedures do not include instructions for setting up and operating z the test equipment. Detailed information can be found in sections covering procedures for performing tests at testboards or test centers and the sections covering the test sets. 1 Examine the circuit record to determine the following (a) (b) The type of signaling The test access points used to be used (c) (d) (e) The required supervisory signal to establish and hold the transmission path for testing (simulated off-hook condition), if applicable The transmission levels and impedance at the test access points Any unique requirements for the particular channel. 2 Access the channel to be tested and establish the proper signaling conditions, if applicable. 3 Have the far end apply a 1OO4-HZtone at the proper level. (See Test Levels in Part lb.) 4 Read the phase jitter and compare the reading with the limits in Section Requirement: The reading is within the limits. If the requirements are met, go to Step 7. 5 If the reading is not within the limits, sectionalize the trouble by taking phase jitter measurements on the intermediate segments of the channel. 6 Have the facility problems corrected, and repeat the phase jitter tests to verify that the channel is now within limits. 7 Make phase jitter measurements in the opposite direction of transmission. 8 Record and maintain all test measurement results. Page 22 i

23 1SS 1, SECTION L. Intermodulation Distortion Procedures used to measure these nonlinearities involves sending four specific tones of equal level and detecting the 4.32 Intermodulation distortion is the term used to resultant intermodulation products and displaying describe channel nonlinearities. The method these products at levels, in db, below the signal level. R These procedures do not include instructions for setting up and operating ~ the test equipment. Detailed information can be found in sections covering procedures for performing tests at testboards or test centers and the sections covering the test sets. 1 Examine the circuit record to determine the following (a) The type of signaling used (b) (c) (d) (e) The test access points to be used The required supervisory signal to establish and hold the transmission path for testing (simulated off-hook condition), if applicable The transmission levels and impedance at the test access points Any unique requirements for the particular channel Access the channel to be tested at the NI or equivalent and establish the proper signaling conditions, if applicable. Connect the test set at the NI or equivalent test access point and have the far end do the same. Adjust the transmit level of the test set to produce a total power output to the proper level at the test access point and send the tones ( A tones are 857- and 863-Hz; B tones are and 1388-Hz). (See Test Levels in Part lb.) 5 Repeat Step 4 at the far end. 6 7 Observe the second and third order readings for 30 to 60 seconds, and note their average readings. Remove the B tones (high tones), and raise the level of the A tones (low tones) by 3 db. 8 Repeat Step 7 at the far end. 9 Observe the resulting noise reading and go to Table B to determine the correction factor to be subtracted from the distortion measurements. Requirement: The readings at both ends are within the limits in Section If the requirements are met, go to Step 12. If the readings are not within limits, sectionalize the trouble and have it repaired. Page 23

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