CHAPTER 17 THE TELEPHONE CIRCUIT # DEFINITIONS TERMS

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1 CHAPTER 17 THE TELEPHONE CIRCUIT # DEFINITIONS TERMS 1) It comprised of two or more facilities, interconnected in tandem, to provide a transmission path between a source and a destination. Telephone Circuit 2) The information transferred in a telephone circuit Message 3) The circuit used in transferring information in a telephone circuit. Message Circuit 4) The network bandwidth for a standard voice-band message channel. 4 khz 5) Unused frequency bands located between information signals. Guard Bands 6) Effective channel bandwidth for a voice-band message signal. 300 Hz to 3000 Hz 7) The only facility required by all voice-band circuits, as it is the means by which subscriber locations are connected to the local telephone company Local Subscriber Loop 8) The primary caused of attenuation and phase distortion on a telephone circuit. Two components found on local loops: Loading Coils Bridge Taps 9) The largest cable used in a local loop, usually 3600 pair of copper wire placed underground or in conduit. Feeder Cable (F1) Prepared By : JENNIFER F. DOCOT 104

2 10) A cross-connect point used to distribute the larger feeder cable into smaller distribution cables. Serving Area Interface 11) A smaller version of a feeder cable containing less wire pairs. Distribution Cable 12) A device that serves as the demarcation point between local telephone company responsibility and subscriber responsibility for telephone service. Subscriber or Standard Network Interface (SNI) 13) The final length of cable pair that terminates at the SNI. Drop Wire 14) That portion of the local loop that is strung between poles. Aerial 15) The location where individual cable pairs within a distribution cable are separated and extended to the subscriber's location on a drop wire. Distribution Cable and Drop Wire Cross Connect Point 16) Adding inductors periodically in series with the wire. Loading 17) The inductor in loading technique. Loading Coil 18) An irregularity frequently found in cables serving subscriber location. Bridge Tap 19) A loss that allows signals to split and propagation down more than one wire introduced by bridge taps. Bridging Loss 20) Weighting network introduced by AT & T to accomplish equal magnitude of noise signals. C-Message Weighting Prepared By : JENNIFER F. DOCOT 105

3 21) The most annoying frequency to human (i.e. the best frequency response) Hz 22) The basic yardstick used for making power measurements in communications. Decibel (db) 23) The optimum level of a test tone on a channel at som point in a communications system. It is used for voice circuits. Transmission Level Point (TLP) 24) The ratio in db of the power of a signal at that point to the power the same signal would be at 0 dbm transmission level point. Transmission Level (TL) 25) The reference for TLP. 0 dbm 26) A parameter equivalent to TLP except it is used as a reference for data transmission. Data Level Pint (DLP) 27) dbm reference to a zero transmission level point. dbmo 28) db reference value for noise reading. reference noise (rn) 29) db level of noise with respect to reference noise (- 90 dbm). dbrn 30) Similar to dbrn except it is the db value of noise with respect to reference noise using C-message weighting dbrnc 31) Noise readings taken with a filter that has a flat frequency response from 30 Hz to 3 khz dbrn 3 khz Flat Prepared By : JENNIFER F. DOCOT 106

4 32) The amount of noise in dbrnc corrected to a 0 TLP dbrnco 34) Transmission parameters which include terminal impedance, in band and out of band signal power, test signal power and ground isolation. Interface Parameters 35) Transmission parameters which includes noise measurements, frequency distortion, phase distortion, amplitude distortion and non linear distortion. Facility Parameters 36) The difference in circuit gain experienced at a particular frequency with respect to the circuit gain of a reference frequency. Another names attenuation distortion: Frequency Response, Differential Gain 1004-Hz Deviation Attenuation Distortion 37) An indirect method of evaluating the phase delay characteristics of a circuit. Envelope Delay Distortion 38) It satisfies the minimum line conditioning requirements Basic Voice-Band Channel 39) Another name for basic voice-band. Basic 3002 Channel 40) Specifies the maximum limits for attenuation distortion and envelope delay distortion. C-type Conditioning Prepared By : JENNIFER F. DOCOT 107

5 Classifications of C-type: C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 41) Classification of C-type conditioning pertains to two point and multi point circuits. C1 and C2 42) C-type conditioning used for access lines and trunk circuits associated with private switched networks. C3 43) C-type conditioning pertains to two point and multi point circuits with a maximum of four stations C4 44) C-type conditioning pertains to two point circuits only C5 45) A relatively low-capacity switching machine where the subscribers are generally limited to stations within the same building or building complex. Private Branch Exchange (PBX) 46) The frequency response of a transmission medium referenced to 1004 Hz test tone. Attenuation Distortion 47) A requirement for error free data transmission. Linear Phase vs. Frequency 48) The difference in phase shifts with respect to frequency that signals experience as they propagate through a transmission medium. Delay Distortion 49) The time delay encountered by a signal as it propagates from source to a destination. Propagation Time Prepared By : JENNIFER F. DOCOT 108

6 50) The delay measured in angular units. Phase Delay 51) The actual time required for a particular frequency to propagate from a source to a destination through a communications channel. Absolute Phase Delay 52) The time required to propagate a change in an AM envelope through a transmission medium. Envelope Delay 53) 55) 56) The phase difference at the different carrier frequencies. It sets the minimum requirements for signal to noise ratio and nonlinear distortion. The data transmission rate when D type conditioning is mandatory. Envelope Delay Distortion D-Type Line Conditioning 9600 bps 57) Telephone industry standard test tone frequency 1004 Hz 58) Measurement that determine the average weighted rms noise power. C-message Noise Measurement 59) A communications term that indicates the presence of a signal power comparable to the power of an actu message transmission. Loaded 60) Characterized by high amplitude peaks of short duration having an approximate flat frequency spectrum Impulse Noise 61) A sudden, random change in the gain of a circuit resulting in a temporary change in the signal level. Gain Hit 62) A decrease in circuit gain of more than 12 db lasting longer than 4 ms. Dropout Prepared By : JENNIFER F. DOCOT 109

7 63) A sudden, random changes in the phase of a signal. Phase Hits (Slips) 64) A form of incidental phase modulation - a continuous, uncontrolled variation in the zero crossings of a signal. Phase Jitter 65) The presence of one or more continuous, unwanted tones within a message channel. Single Frequency Interference 66) Unwanted tones within a message channel. Spurious Tones 67) 68) The frequency of the signal changes during transmission. It occurs in coherent SSBSC systems when the received carrier is not reinserted with the exact phase relationship to the received signal as the transmit carrier possessed. Frequency Shift Phase Intercept Distortion 69) It occurs in coherent SSBSC systems when the received carrier is not reinserted with the exact phase relationship to the received signal as the transmit carrier possessed. Phase Intercept Distortion 70) A four wire circuit an interface. Hybrid Set 71) Another name for hybrid set. Terminating Set 72) Any disturbance created in a communications channel by signals in other communications channels. Crosstalk Prepared By : JENNIFER F. DOCOT 110

8 73) Annoying and objectionable because the listener senses a real or fancied loss of privacy Intelligible crosstalk 74) It does not violate privacy, although it can still be annoying. Unintelligible crosstalk 75) A direct result of nonlinear amplification in analog communications system. Nonlinear Crosstalk 76) Electromagnetic coupling between two or more physically isolated transmission media. Coupling Crosstalk 77) Interference caused by inadequate control of the transfer characteristics or transmittance of networks. Transmittance Crosstalk Prepared By : JENNIFER F. DOCOT 111