Automatic Lux Level Controller

Transcription

1 Automatic Lux Level Controller Chiranjivee Deogade 1, Harshal Ninawe 2, Chanchal Kumar Singh 3, Anup Kutemate 4 Prof. Anusha Yerra Department of Electrical Engineering, GHRCE, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India 5 Asst. Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, GHRCE, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India Abstract - The demand of electrical energy is increasing day by day as a result of change in human lifestyle. Almost every modern equipment or machine runs on electricity. Industries needs huge amount of electrical power for manufacturing process. There is a need to promote conservation of electricity which will not only result in less electricity bills but also less carbon emissions i.e. less amount of pollution. The paper aims to give the solution for reducing the consumption of electricity in an industry by controlling the lux level on the working area or shop floor. Lux is a stand unit of measurement of light intensity which can also be called illumination. This is done using an Arduino microcontroller based system which will control the intensity of lamps to maintain standard lux level requirements. The control system works on low voltage DC source to control the lamps working on 230V AC. For this reason optocouplers are used to isolate these circuits. LDR is used to sense the present sunlight on the shop floor and triac is used to control the voltage across lamp. The firing angle of triac is decided by programmed microcontroller according to the sunlight present at that instant. This results in continuous control of light according to the natural light or sunlight present on the shop floor of an industry which will help to reduce electricity bill. The industrial conditions for the research are observed and studied at Valeo India Pvt. Ltd. Pune, Maharashtra, India. Keywords Lux, Zero Crossing Detector, Arduino Microcontroller, LDR, Optotriac, Optotransistor. I. INTRODUCTION Industries consumes huge amount of electrical power. By reducing this consumption the cost saving can be achieved which will not only reduce cost of manufacturing and electricity bill but also reduce carbon emission. For this purpose automatic lux level controller is developed which will be explained in this paper. The sunlight in day time varies with change in weather conditions. Sometimes the standard need of lux level in an industry is fulfilled with the sunlight and no electrical lamp is required. But with changing weather sometimes sunlight provides half the lux level and for reaching standard lux level there is a need to switch ON electrical lamps. The switching of electrical lamp is done manually. The manual switching results in lots of errors. In manual switching lamp remains ON even if there is no requirement. The automatic lux level controller switches ON the lamp only if there is a need and controls the intensity of lamp according to the amount of lux level required. Say, If the standard requirement of lux level in some area is 500 lux and sunlight is providing 300 lux then with the help of this controller lamp will provide only remaining 200 lux which will reduce the overall consumption of electricity. Table 1. shows the standard requirements of lux level in automotive industries & warehouses. DOI : /IJRTER B58 179

2 AREAS ACTIVITIES Recommended Lux (Minimum Lux) AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY Chassis manufacturing 500 (250) Assembly areas 500 (250) Components preparation 1000 (500) Inspection area 2000 (1000) INDUSTRY WAREHOUSES Bulk storage 100 (50) Storage of small pieces 200 (100) Storage of very small pieces 400 (200) Table 1. Standard Lux Level requirement in automotive industry and warehouses II. LITERATURE REVIEW Most of the times the research has taken place only to control LED s working on low DC voltages. This is understood by referring some research papers on similar technologies which is given as follows. A. Automatic Light Control System for Offices [Iromini N.A, Nafiu A.S, Ajao, A.O, International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Emerging Technology, Jan.2015] The major components of this research are LDR and Transistor. LDR is connected to comparator which gives a low output when the LDR receives no light and high output when light intensity falls on it. This research uses 15 V, 500 ma power supply. The 7812 regulator IC with three terminals is used for voltage regulation. Bridge type full wave rectifier is used to rectify the ac output. So, it depends upon the use of dc supply but not on ac which is flexible and also the connected load is having lower capacity. Moreover, it doesn t have any programming unit which introduces human interfacing. B. Automatic Room Light intensity Detection and Control Using a Microprocessor and Light Sensors [Ying-Wen Bai and Yi-Te Ku, Department of Electronics Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan, 24205, R.O.C.] This paper describes the design of HLCM (Home Light Control Module) which uses both microcontroller and light sensors for automatic room light detection and control. It is made up of four blocks: the pyroelectric infrared sensor (PIR) sensor circuit, the light sensor circuit, the microprocessor and the RF module. PIR sensor is used for human body detection and accordingly controls the light. But, this design is not feasible for industrial application where continuous recommended light intensity is required on shop floor. III. HARDWARE 3.1. Circuit Diagram and its Components The circuit for automatic lux level controller is designed with the help of Proteus 8 Software. Figure 1. Shows the circuit diagram in detail and the components used are as mentioned below the All Rights Reserved 180

3 Figure 1. Circuit Diagram for Automatic Lux Level Controller LDR AC Lamp Arduino UNO AC voltage Source Optotriac MOC 3021 Capacitor Optotransistor NEC2501 Resistors Triac BT136 Transformer (Step Down) Diode (Bridge Rectifier) IN Working The circuit shown in Figure 1. can be divided in to 4 major units as explained below Sensing unit The sensing unit is a potential divider circuit consisting of LDR, resistor and Vcc. The input of present sunlight is taken with the help of LDR. Arduino can t sense LDR directly that is the reason to employee a potential divider circuit to convert input signal in the form of voltage. This sensing unit gives the input to arduino Zero Crossing Detector Zero crossing detector is use to generate a pulse when a waveform crosses zero. It consists of a step down transformer, bridge rectifier, optotransistor and Vcc. The bridge rectifier is prepared with four IN4007 diodes. The step down transformer decreases the voltage level and supplies AC voltage to bridge rectifier. Bridge rectifier converts AC voltage to pulsating DC voltage. This pulsating DC is then given to optotransistor. When the value of DC pulsating voltage is nonzero the optotransistor will remain ON and Vcc directly flow to ground. But as soon as the value of DC pulse becomes zero the optotransistor will switch OFF and Vcc will flow to the path connected to arduino for that instant. That means a pulse will be generated and given to arduino as soon as the signal crosses zero. This gives an information to arduino that when to trigger the control unit Control unit Control unit controls the brightness of the bulb according to the signal from arduino. It consists of an optotriac, triac, resistor and capacitor. Optotriac is use to isolate the circuits of two different voltage level i.e. isolation of the DC voltage level from arduino side and AC 230V voltage level from control unit side. The combination of resistor and capacitor is use for the protection All Rights Reserved 181

4 triac. As soon as the zero crossing detector generates pulse, arduino understands that this is the time to trigger control circuit but according to the LDR signal a delay is given to the trigger pulse through programming. More the present sunlight, more delay will be given & the brightness of bulb will be controlled accordingly. After a half cycle voltage waveform will again cross zero & triac will be commutated automatically and to turn it on zero crossing detector will again generate a pulse and vice versa Arduino UNO It is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It is use to take signals from sensing unit and zero crossing detector unit, and then according to programming it generates triggering pulse for control unit. The programming of arduino uno is done with the help of Arduino Software IDE. IV Program Flow Figure 2. Shows the flow of program PROGRAMMING Figure 2. Program Flow 4.2. Program Code int sensorpin = A0; // select the input pin for the potentiometer int zcd = 4; // select the pin for the LED int sensorvalue = 0; // variable to store the value coming from the sensor int triac=2; int zcdstatus=0; void setup() { // declare the ledpin as an OUTPUT: pinmode(triac, All Rights Reserved 182

5 pinmode(zcd, INPUT_PULLUP); } void loop() { sensorvalue = analogread(sensorpin); sensorvalue=sensorvalue/100; sensorvalue=sensorvalue-2; zcdstatus=digitalread(zcd); while(zcdstatus==low) zcdstatus=digitalread(zcd); if(sensorvalue!=0) delay(sensorvalue); if(sensorvalue<7) { digitalwrite(triac, HIGH); delaymicroseconds(800); digitalwrite(triac, LOW); } } International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER) To get the lux level according to the standard requirement, the calibration of the controller needs to be done after installation. This calibration can be done by measuring lux level with the help of lux meter and varying delay in the program accordingly. V. CONCLUSION Automatic Lux Level Controller using LDR and Arduino UNO has been implemented. It is cost effective system since it has potential to reduce the power consumption upto the maximum extent. It can be applied in areas where lights are being left unnecessarily without turning off. Also, it can overcome the problem of switching the lights on manually. VI. SCOPE OF IMPLEMENTATION IN INDUSTRY To implement this system the areas in the industry having approximately same lux level in day time should be identified. These areas should be considered as a single zone. So a single hardware will be required for the implementation of this system in single zone. So the required number of these hardware s will be less which will be more economical. VII. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to thanks Electrical Engineering Department at GHRCE for their support. We would also like to thanks Mr. Mahendra Torawane, Mr. Girish Chavan & Mr. Amol Ghogare of Valeo India Pvt. Ltd. Pune for their guidance and support during this study in their industry. REFERENCES 1. Iromini N.A, Nafiu A.S, Ajao, A.O, Automatic Light Control System for Offices, International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Engineering Technologies, Volume 7, Issue 4, pp: , Jan Sanal Malhotra, Shiv Taneja, Automatic Brightness Control Using LDR Sensors, Advanced Research in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Volume 1, Number 2 pp , All Rights Reserved 183

6 3. Deepak Kumar Rath, Arduino Based: Smart Light Control System, International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science, Volume 4, Issue 2, March-April, Deepamshu Khandelwal, Bijo M Thomas, Kritika Mehndiratta, Nitin Kumar, Sensor-Based Automatic Street Lighting System, International Journal of Education and Science Research Review, Volume 2, Issue 2, April Arun Radhakrishnan, Vuttaradi Anand, Design of Intelligent and Efficient Light Control System, International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research, Volume 2, Issue 2, , Sharath Patil G.S, Rudresh S.M, Kallendrachari.K, M Kiran Kumar, Vani H. V, Design and Implementation of Automatic Street Light Control Using Sensors and Solar Panel, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Volume 5, Issue 6, pp , (Part-1) June All Rights Reserved 184