Instruction Manual. TEC-4100 / 7100 / 8100 / 9100 Auto-Tune Fuzzy / PID Process Temperature Controller. Agency Approvals

Transcription

1 Instruction Manual TEC-4100 / 7100 / 8100 / 9100 Auto-Tune Fuzzy / PID Process Temperature Controller Agency Approvals Serving Industry Since 1972 TEMPCO Electric Heater Corporation 607 N. Central Avenue Wood Dale, IL USA Tel: Toll Free: Fax: info@tempco.com Web: Manual TEC-X100 Revision 9/2016

2 NOTES

3 Using the Manual Installers Read Chapter 1, 2 System Designer Read All Chapters Expert User Read Page 11 CONTENTS Page No. Chapter 1 Overview 1-1 General Ordering Code Programming Port Keys and Displays Menu Overview Parameter Descriptions Chapter 2 Installation 2-1 Unpacking Mounting Wiring Precautions Power Wiring Sensor Installation Guidelines Sensor Input Wiring Control Output Wiring Alarm Wiring Data Communication Chapter 3 Programming 3-1 Lockout Signal Input Control Outputs Alarm Configuring User Menu Ramp Dwell Timer PV Shift Digital Filter Failure Transfer Auto-tuning Manual Tuning Manual Control Data Communication Process Variable (PV) Retransmission Chapter 4 Applications 4-1 Heat Only Control With Dwell Timer Cool Only Control Heat-Cool Control Chapter 5 Calibration Chapter 6 Specifications Chapter 7 Modbus Comm Functions Supported Exception Responses Parameter Table Data Conversion Communication Example Appendix A-1 Error Codes A-2 Warranty NOTE: It is strongly recommended that a process should incorporate a LIMIT CONTROL such as the TEC-910 which will shut down the equipment at a preset process condition in order to preclude possible damage to products or system. Information in this user's manual is subject to change without notice. Copyright 2012, Tempco Electric Heater Corporation, all rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed or stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language in any form by any means without the written permission of Tempco Electric Heater Corporation. FIGURES & TABLES Page No. Figure 1.1 Fuzzy Control Advantage Figure 1.2 Programming Port Overview Figure 1.3 Front Panel Description Figure 1.4 Display during Power UP Figure 2.1 Mounting Dimensions Figure 2.2 Lead Termination for TEC-4100, TEC-8100 and TEC Figure 2.3 Lead Termination for TEC Figure 2.4 Rear Terminal Connection for TEC-4100 and TEC Figure 2.5 Rear Terminal Connection for TEC Figure 2.6 Rear Terminal Connection for TEC Figure 2.7 Power Supply Connections Figure 2.8 Sensor Input Wiring Figure 2.9 Output 1 Relay or Triac (SSR) to Drive Load Figure 2.10 Output 1 Relay or Triac (SSR) to Drive Contactor Figure 2.11 Output 1 Pulsed Voltage to Drive SSR Figure 2.12 Output 1 Linear Current Figure 2.13 Output 1 Linear Voltage Figure 2.14 Output 2 Relay or Triac (SSR) to Drive Load Figure 2.15 Output 2 Relay or Triac (SSR) to Drive Contactor Figure 2.16 Output 2 Pulsed Voltage to Drive SSR Figure 2.17 Output 2 Linear Current Figure 2.18 Output 2 Linear Voltage Figure 2.19 Alarm Output to Drive Load Figure 2.20 Alarm Output to Drive Contactor Figure Dwell Timer Function Figure 2.21 RS-485 Wiring Figure 2.22 RS-232 Wiring Figure 2.23 Configuration of RS-232 Cable Figure 3.1 Conversion Curve for Linear Type Process Value Figure 3.2 Heat Only ON-OFF Control Figure 3.3 Output 2 Deviation High Alarm Figure 3.4 Output 2 Process Low Alarm Figure 3.5 RAMP Function Figure 3.6 Dwell Timer Function Figure 3.7 PV Shift Application Figure 3.8 Filter Characteristics Figure 3.9 Effects of PID Adjustment Figure 4.1 Heating Control Example Figure 4.2 Cooling Control Example Figure 4.3 Heat-Cool Control Example Figure 5.1 RTD Calibration Figure 5.2 Cold Junction Calibration Setup Table 1.1 Display Form of Characters Table 3.1 Heat-Cool Control Setup Value Table 3.2 PID Adjustment Guide Table A.1 Error Codes and Corrective Actions

4 NOTES

5 Chapter 1 Overview 1 1 General Tempco s TEC-x100 Series Fuzzy Logic plus PID microprocessor-based controllers incorporate two bright easy to read 4-digit LED displays, indicating process value and set point value. The process value (PV) display is always the top digital display. The setpoint (SV) display is always the bottom display. Fuzzy Logic technology enables a process to reach a predetermined set point in the shortest time with a minimum of overshoot during powerup or external load disturbance. TEC-9100 is a 1/16 DIN size panel mount controller. TEC-7100 is a DIN size panel mount controller. TEC-8100 is a 1/8 DIN size panel mount controller and TEC-4100 is a 1/4 DIN size panel mount controller. These units are powered by or VDC/VAC 50/60 Hz supply, incorporating a 2 amp control relay output as standard. The second output can be used as a cooling control or an alarm. Both outputs can select triac, 5V logic output, linear current, or linear voltage to drive an external device. There are six types of alarm plus a dwell timer that can be configured for the third output. The units are fully programmable for PT100 RTD and thermocouple types J, K, T, E, B, R, S, N, and L with no need to modify the unit. The input signal is digitized by using an 18-bit A to D converter. Its fast sampling rate allows the unit to control fast processes. Digital communications RS-485 or RS-232 (excluding TEC- 7100) are available as an additional option. These options allow the units to be integrated with supervisory control systems and software. A programming port is available for automatic configuration, calibration, and testing without the need to access the keys on the front panel. By using proprietary Fuzzy modified PID technology, the control loop will minimize overshoot and undershoot in a short time. The following diagram is a comparison of results with and without Fuzzy technology. Figure 1.1 Fuzzy Control Advantage High accuracy This series is manufactured with custom designed ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) technology which contains an 18-bit A to D converter for high resolution measurement (true 0.1 F resolution for thermocouple and PT100) and a 15-bit D to A converter for linear current or voltage control output. The ASIC technology provides improved operating performance, low cost, enhanced reliability and higher density. Fast sampling rate The sampling rate of the input A to D converter is 5 times/second. The fast sampling rate allows this series to control fast processes. Fuzzy control The function of Fuzzy control is to adjust PID parameters from time to time in order to make manipulation of the output value more flexible and adaptive to various processes. The result is to enable a process to reach a predetermined set point in the shortest time, with the minimum of overshoot and undershoot during power-up or external load disturbance. Digital communication The units are equipped with an optional RS-485 or RS-232 interface cards to provide digital communication. By using twisted pair wires, up to 247 units can be connected together via RS-485 interface to a host computer. Programming port A programming port can be used to connect the unit to a PC for quick configuration. It also can be connected to an ATE system for automatic testing and calibration. Auto-tune The auto-tune function allows the user to simplify initial setup for a new system. An advanced algorithm is used to obtain an optimal set of control parameters for the process, and it can be applied either as the process is warming up (cold start) or when the process is in a steady state (warm start). Lockout protection Depending on security requirements, one of four lockout levels can be selected to prevent the unit from being changed without permission. Bumpless transfer Bumpless transfer allows the controller to continue to control if the sensor breaks by using its previous value. Hence, the process can be controlled temporarily as if the sensor is normal. Soft-start ramp The ramping function is performed during power up as well as any time the set point is changed. It can be ramping up or ramping down. The process value will reach the set point at a predetermined constant rate. Digital filter A first order low pass filter with a programmable time constant is used to improve the stability of the process value. This is particularly useful in certain applications where the process value is too unstable to be read. SEL function The units have the flexibility to allow the user to select those parameters which are most significant to him and put these parameters in the front of the display sequence. Up to eight parameters can be selected to allow the user to build his own display sequence. 1

6 1 2 Ordering Code Data Communication Accessories: TEC99001 Smart Network Adapter for third party SCADA software which converts 255 channels of RS-485 or RS-422 to RS- 232 Network. TEC99003 Smart Network Adapter for connecting the programming port to the RS-232 PC serial port. Allows downloading and reading of configuration information directly from a personal computer. Can be used with TEC-4100, TEC-7100, TEC and TEC Power Input 4 = VAC 5 = VAC/VDC 9 = Other Signal Input Universal, can be programmed in the field for item 5 or 6 5 = TC: *J,K,T,E,B,R,S,N,L 0-60 mv 6 = RTD: *PT100 DIN, PT100 JIS 7 = 0-1 VDC 8 = *0-5, 1-5 VDC A = 0-10 VDC B = *4-20, 0-20 ma 9 = Other *indicates default value Output 1 1 = Relay: 2A/240 VAC 2 = Pulse dc for SSR drive: 5 Vdc (30 ma max) 3 = Isolated, 4-20 ma (default) 0-20 ma 4 = Isolated, VDC, 1-5 (default) 0-5, = Isolated, VDC, = Triac-SSR output 1A/240 VAC C = Pulse dc for SSR drive: 14 Vdc (40 ma max) 9 = Other Output 2 0 = None 1 = Relay: 2A / 240 VAC 2 = Pulse dc for SSR drive: 5 Vdc (30 ma max) 3 = Isolated, 4-20 ma (default), 0-20 ma 4 = Isolated VDC, 1-5 (default), 0-5, = Isolated VDC, = Triac-SSR output 1A / 240 VAC 7 = Isolated 25 ma DC, Output Power Supply 8 = Isolated 40 ma DC, Output Power Supply 9 = Isolated 80 ma DC, Output Power Supply C = Pulse dc for SSR drive: 14 VDC (40 ma max) A = Other Alarm 0 = None 1 = Relay: 2A/240 VAC, SPDT 9 = Other Communication 0 = None 1 = RS-485 Interface 2 = RS-232 Interface (not available for TEC-7100) 3 = Retransmission 4-20 ma (default), 0-20 ma 4 = Retransmission 1-5 Vdc (default), 0-5 VDC 5 = Retransmission 0-10 VDC 9 = Other NEMA 4X / IP65 0 = No 1 = Yes TEC TEC TEC TEC Power Input 4 = VAC 5 = VAC/VDC 9 = Other Signal Input Universal, can be programmed in the field for item 5 or 6 5 = TC: *J,K,T,E,B,R,S,N,L 0-60mV 6 = RTD: *PT100 DIN, PT100 JIS 7 = 0-1 Vdc 8 = *0-5, 1-5 VDC A = 0-10 VDC B = *4-20, 0-20 ma 9 = Other *indicates default value Output 1 1 = Relay: 2A / 240 VAC 2 = Pulse dc for SSR drive: 5 VDC (30 ma max) 3 = Isolated, 4-20 ma (default), 0-20 ma 4 = Isolated, VDC, 1-5 (default), 0-5, = Isolated, VDC, = Triac-SSR output 1A/240 VAC C = Pulse dc for SSR drive:14 VDC (40 ma max) 9 = Other Output 2 0 = None 1 = Relay: 2A/240 VAC 2 = Pulse dc for SSR drive: 5 VDC (30 ma max) 3 = Isolated, 4-20 ma (default), 0-20 ma 4 = Isolated VDC, 1-5 (default), 0-5, = Isolated VDC, = Triac-SSR output 1A/240 Vac 7 = Isolated 25 ma DC, Output Power Supply 8 = Isolated 40 ma DC, Output Power Supply 9 = Isolated 80 ma DC, Output Power Supply C = Pulse dc for SSR drive: 14 VDC (40 ma max) A = Other Alarm 0 = None 1 = Relay: 2A / 240 VAC, SPDT 9 = Other Communication 0 = None 1 = RS-485 Interface 2 = RS-232 Interface 3 = Retransmission 4-20 ma (default), 0-20 ma 4 = Retransmission 1-5 VDC (default), 0-5 VDC 5 = Retransmission 0-10 VDC 9 = Other Case Options 0 = Panel mount standard 1 = Panel mount with NEMA 4X/IP65 front panel 2 = DIN rail mount TEC99030 "Tempco Config Set" PC software for use with TEC99003 Smart Network Adapter. (can be downloaded at no charge from Minimum System Requirements: Microsoft Windows 2000, 98, 95, NT4.0 Pentium 200 MHz or faster 32 MB RAM (64 MB recommended) Hard disk space: 2 MB TEC99011 Programming port cable for TEC-4100, TEC-7100, TEC and TEC Connects the controller to the TEC99003 Smart Network Adapter.

7 1 3 Programming Port The TEC99011 cable and TEC99003 network adapter can be used to connect the programming port to a PC for automatic configuration. The programming port is used for off-line automatic setup and testing procedures only. Don't attempt to make any connection to these pins when the unit is used for a normal control purpose. 1 4 Keys and Displays KEYPAD OPERATION SCROLL KEY: This key is used to select a parameter to be viewed or adjusted. UP KEY: This key is used to increase the value of the selected parameter. DOWN KEY: This key is used to decrease the value of the selected parameter. RESET KEY: R This key is used to: 1. Revert the display to show the process value. 2. Reset the latching alarm, once the alarm condition is removed. 3. Stop the manual control mode, auto-tuning mode, and calibration mode. 4. Clear the message of communication error and auto-tuning error. 5. Restart the dwell timer when the dwell timer has timed out. 6. Enter the manual control menu when in failure mode. Table 1.1 Display Form of Characters ENTER KEY: Press for 5 seconds or longer. Press for 5 seconds to: 1. Enter setup menu. The display shows. 2. Enter manual control mode when manual control mode is selected. 3. Enter auto-tuning mode when auto-tuning mode is selected. 4. Perform calibration to a selected parameter during the calibration procedure. Press for 6.2 seconds to select manual control mode. Press for 7.4 seconds to select auto-tuning mode. Press for 8.6 seconds to select calibration mode. Display program code of the product for 2.5 seconds. The left diagram shows program number 6 for TEC-9100 with version 12. The program no. for TEC-7100 is 13, for TEC-8100 is 11 and for TEC-4100 is 12. 3

8 1 5 Menu Overview 4

9 1 6 Parameter Descriptions 18.0 F (10.0 C) 90.0 F (50.0 C) Continued 5

10 Parameter Descriptions, Continued Parameter Notation DB ALFN ALMD ALHY ALFT COMM ADDR BAUD Parameter Description (Refer to Page:) Heating-cooling deadband (negative value=overlap) Page 13 Alarm function for alarm output (Page 14 & 15) Alarm operation mode (Page 14) Hysteresis control of alarm 0) : No alarm function 1) : Dwell timer action 2) : Deviation high alarm 3) : Deviation low alarm 4) : Deviation band out of band alarm 5) : Deviation band in band alarm 6) : Process value high alarm 7) : Process value low alarm Low: 0.1 High: 90.0 F (50.0 C) 0) : Alarm output ON as Alarm failure transfer unit fails mode 0 1) : Alarm output OFF as unit fails Communication function (Page 18 & 25) Address assignment for digital communication Baud rate of digital communication (Page 25) Range Low: High: 36.0% 0) : Normal alarm action 1) : Latching alarm action 2) : Hold alarm action 3) : Latching & Hold action 0) : No communication 1) : Modbus RTU mode protocol 2) : 4-20 ma retransmission output 3) : 0-20 ma retransmission output 4) : 0-5 V retransmission output 5) : 1-5 V retransmission output 6) : 0-10 V retransmission output Low: 1 High: 255 0) : 2.4 Kbits/s baud rate 1) : 4.8 Kbits/s baud rate 2) : 9.6 Kbits/s baud rate 3) : 14.4 Kbits/s baud rate 4) : 19.2 Kbits/s baud rate 5) : 28.8 Kbits/s baud rate 6) : 38.4 Kbits/s baud rate Default Value F (0.1 C) 0 2 Parameter Notation DATA PARI STOP RELO REHI SEL1 SEL2 SEL3 SEL4 SEL5 SEL6 SEL7 SEL8 Parameter Description (Refer to Page:) Data bit count of digital communication Parity bit of digital communication Stop bit count of digital communication Retransmission low scale value (Page 18) Retransmission high scale value (Page 18) Low: High: F (-17.8 C) Low: High: ) : No parameter selected 1) : LOCK is put ahead 2) : INPT is put ahead 3) : UNIT is put ahead 4) : DP is put ahead 5) : SHIF is put ahead 6) : PB is put ahead 7) : TI is put ahead Select 1st parameter for user menu 8) : TD is put ahead 2 (Page 4) 9) : O1HY is put ahead 10) : CYC1 is put ahead 11) : OFST is put ahead 12) : RR is put ahead 13) : O2HY is put ahead 14) : CYC2 is put ahead 15) : CPB is put ahead 16) : DB is put ahead 17) : ADDR is put ahead 18) : ALHY is put ahead Select 2nd parameter for user menu Same as SEL1 3 Select 3rd parameter for user menu Select 4th parameter for user menu Select 5th parameter for user menu Select 6th parameter for user menu Select 7th parameter for user menu Select 8th parameter for user menu Range 0) : 7 data bits 1) : 8 data bits 0) : Even parity 1) : Odd parity 2) : No parity bit 0) : One stop bit 1) : Two stop bits Same as SEL1 Same as SEL1 Same as SEL1 Same as SEL1 Same as SEL1 Same as SEL1 Default Value F (538 C)

11 Chapter 2 Installation Dangerous voltages capable of causing death are sometimes present in this instrument. Before installation or beginning any troubleshooting procedures, the power to all equipment must be switched off and isolated. Units suspected of being faulty must be disconnected and removed to a properly equipped workshop for testing and repair. Component replacement and internal adjustments must be made by a qualified maintenance person only. 2 2 Mounting Remove mounting clamps or screws and insert the controller into the panel cutout. Reinstall the mounting clamps or screws. Gently tighten the screws or clamp until the front panel of the controller fits snugly in the cutout. Figure 2.1 Mounting Dimensions This instrument is protected throughout by double insulation to minimize the possibility of fire or shock hazards, do not expose this instrument to rain or excessive moisture. Do not use this instrument in areas under hazardous conditions such as excessive shock, vibration, dirt, moisture, corrosive gases or oil. This control is not to be used in hazardous locations as defined in Articles 500 and 505 of the National Electrical Code. The ambient temperature of the area should not exceed 122 F. Remove stains from this instrument using a soft, dry cloth. To avoid deformation or discoloration do not use harsh chemicals, volatile solvent such as thinner, or strong detergents to clean this instrument. 2 1 Unpacking Upon receipt of the shipment, remove the unit from the carton and inspect the unit for shipping damage. If there is any damage due to transit, report it and file a claim with the carrier. Write down the model number, serial number, and date code for future reference when corresponding with Tempco. The serial number (S/N) and date code (D/C) are labeled on the box and the housing of the control. NOTE: The TEC-9100 Series will be supplied with mounting clamps (2). In clamp mounting, to remove the clamps before installation lift under one of the edges and pull up (un-peel). To install just snap back on and push the clamps towards the front of the control until they are snug. 7

12 2 3 Wiring Precautions Before wiring, verify the correct model number and options on the label. Switch off the power while checking. Care must be taken to ensure that the maximum voltage rating specified on the label is not exceeded. It is recommended that the power for these units be protected by fuses or circuit breakers rated at the minimum value possible. All units should be installed in a suitable enclosure to prevent live parts from being accessible to human hands and metal tools. Metal enclosures and/or subpanels should be grounded in accordance with national and local codes. All wiring must conform to appropriate standards of good practice and local codes and regulations. Wiring must be suitable for the voltage, current, and temperature rating of the system. Beware not to over-tighten the terminal screws. The torque should not exceed 1 N-m (8.9 lb-in or 10 KgF-cm). Unused control terminals should not be used as jumper points as they may be internally connected, causing damage to the unit. Verify that the ratings of the output devices and the inputs as specified are not exceeded. Except for thermocouple wiring, all wiring should use stranded copper conductor with a maximum gage of 14 AWG. Electrical power in industrial environments contains a certain amount of noise in the form of transient voltage and spikes. This electrical noise can adversely affect the operation of microprocessor-based controls. For this reason the use of shielded thermocouple extension wire which connects the sensor to the controller is strongly recommended. This wire is a twisted-pair construction with foil wrap and drain wire. The drain wire is to be attached to ground in the control panel only. NOTE: ASTM thermocouples (American) the red colored lead is always negative. Retransmission RE+ RE- RS-232: TXD RXD COM RS-485: TX1 TX2 II I ALM B V _ B + A RTD + _ NO NC C L 7 N 8 C 9 NO 10 C 11 NO 12 + _ + _ VAC* Hz 12VA, 5W Max. OP1 OP2 Figure 2.6 Rear Terminal Connection for TEC-9100 * Or low voltage (11-26 VAC/VDC) when ordered as specified. Non-polarized. 8

13 2 4 Power Wiring The controller is designed to operate at VAC/VDC or VAC. Check that the installation voltage corresponds to the power rating indicated on the product label before connecting power to the controller. The controller power input should be equipped with a fuse and switch as shown below in figure 2.7 This equipment is designed for installation in an enclosure which provides adequate protection against electric shock. The enclosure must be connected to earth ground. Local requirements regarding electrical installation should be rigidly observed. Consideration should be given to prevent unauthorized personnel from accessing the power terminals. 2 5 Sensor Installation Guidelines Proper sensor installation can eliminate many problems in a control system. The probe should be placed so that it can detect any temperature change with minimal thermal lag. In a process that requires fairly constant heat output, the probe should be placed close to the heater. In a process where the heat demand is variable, the probe should be close to the work area. Some experimentation with probe location is often required to find the optimum position. In a liquid process, the addition of agitation will help to eliminate thermal lag. Since the thermocouple is basically a point measuring device, placing more than one thermocouple in parallel can provide an average temperature readout and produce better results in most air heated processes. Proper sensor type is also a very important factor in obtaining precise measurements. The sensor must have the correct temperature range to meet the process requirements. In special processes, the sensor might have requirements such as leak-proof, antivibration, antiseptic, etc. Standard sensor limits of error are ±4 F (±2 C) or 0.75% of the sensed temperature (half that for special) plus drift caused by improper protection or an over-temperature occurrence. This error is far greater than controller error and cannot be corrected on the sensor except by proper selection and replacement. Note: A 2-wire RTD temperature sensor can be used if a short is placed across the B terminals. Example: For a TEC-9100 Controller, connect the 2-wire RTD to terminals 4 & 5, and a short across terminals 5 & Sensor Input Wiring 2 7 Control Output Wiring Control Output Wiring, continued 9

14 Control Output Wiring, continued 10

15 2 8 Alarm Wiring 2 9 Data Communication If you use a conventional 9-pin RS-232 cable instead of TEC 99014, the cable must be modified according to the following circuit diagram. 11

16 Chapter 3 Programming Press for 5 seconds and release to enter the setup menu. Press to select the desired parameter. The upper display indicates the parameter symbol, and the lower display indicates the selected value of the parameter. 3 1 Lockout There are four security levels that can be selected using the LOCK parameter. If NONE is selected for LOCK, then no parameter is locked. If SET is selected for LOCK, then all setup data are locked. If USER is selected for LOCK, then all setup data as well as user data (refer to section 1-5) except the set point are locked to prevent them from being changed. If ALL is selected for LOCK, then all parameters are locked to prevent them from being changed. 3 2 Signal Input INPT: Selects the sensor type or signal type for signal input. Range: (thermocouple) J-TC, K-TC, T-TC, E-TC, B-TC, R-TC, S-TC, N-TC, L-TC (RTD) PT.DN, PT.JS (Linear) 4 20mA, 0 20mA, 0 60mV, 0 1VDC, 0 5VDC, 1 5VDC, 0 10VDC UNIT: Selects the process unit Range: C, F, PU (process unit). If the unit is set for neither C nor F, then it defaults to PU. DP: Selects the resolution of process value. Range: (For T/C and RTD) NO.DP, 1-DP (For linear) NO.DP, 1-DP, 2-DP, 3-DP INLO: Selects the low scale value for the linear type input. INHI: Selects the high scale value for the linear type input. How to use the conversion curve for linear type process values, INLO and INHI; If 4 20mA is selected for INPT, SL specifies the input signal low (i.e., 4mA), SH specifies the input signal high (i.e., 20mA), S specifies the current input signal value, and the conversion curve of the process value is shown as follows: Figure 3.1 Conversion Curve for Linear Type Process Value SL = Setpoint Low Limit 3 3 Control Outputs There are four kinds of control modes that can be configured as shown in table 3.1. SH = Setpoint High Limit Table 3.1 Heat-Cool Control Setup Value 12

17 Control Outputs, continued Heat only ON-OFF control: Select REVR for OUT1. Set PB (proportional band) to 0. O1HY is used to adjust dead band for ON-OFF control. The output 1 hysteresis (O1HY) is enabled in case PB=0. The heat only on-off control function is shown in the following diagram: The ON-OFF control may introduce excessive process oscillation even if hysteresis is minimized. If ON-OFF control is set (i.e., PB=0), TI, TD, CYC1, OFST, CYC2, CPB, and DB will be hidden and have no function in the system. The auto-tuning and bumpless transfer functions will be disabled as well. Heat only P (or PD) control: Select REVR for OUT1, set TI to 0. OFST is used to adjust the control offset (manual reset). O1HY is hidden if PB is not equal to 0. OFST function: OFST is measured in % with a range of %. In a steady state (i.e. process has stabilized at a temperature), if the process value is lower than the set point by a constant value (we ll say 5 C) while the PB setting is set for 20 C, we can say the temperature is lower than the setpoint by 25% of the PB setting. This can be corrected by increasing the OFST setting to 25%. After adjusting the OFST value, the process value will eventually coincide with set point. Note that using the P control (TI set to 0), disables auto-tuning. Refer to Section 3-12 manual tuning for the adjustment of P and PD. Manual reset (adjust OFST) is sometimes not practical since the load may change from time to time and OFST may need to be adjusted repeatedly. PID control can avoid this situation. Heat only PID control: If REVR is selected for OUT1, PB and TI should not be zero. Perform auto-tuning for the new process, or set PB, TI, and TD with historical values. See section 3-11 for auto-tuning operation. If the control result is still unsatisfactory, then use manual tuning to improve control. See section 3-12 for manual tuning. The unit contains a very advanced PID and Fuzzy Logic algorithm to create a very small overshoot and very quick response to the process if it is properly tuned. Cool only control: ON-OFF control, P (PD) control, and PID control can be used for cool control. Set OUT1 to DIRT (direct action). The other functions for cool only ON-OFF control, cool only P (PD) control, and cool only PID control are the same as for heat only control except that the output variable (and action) for cool control is inverse to heat control. NOTE: ON-OFF control may result in excessive overshoot and undershoot problems in the process. P (or PD) control will result in a deviation of process value from the set point. It is recommended to use PID control for heat-cool control to produce a stable and zero offset process value. Other setup required: O1TY, CYC1, O2TY, CYC2, O1FT and O2FT are set in accordance with the types of OUT1 and OUT2 installed. CYC1 and CYC2 are selected according to the output 1 type (O1TY) and output 2 type (O2TY). Generally, select 0.5~2 seconds for CYC1 if SSRD or SSR is used for O1TY; 10~20 seconds if relay is used for O1TY. CYC1 is ignored if a linear output is used. Similar conditions are applied for CYC2 selection. You can use the auto-tuning program for the new process or directly set the appropriate values for PB, TI, and TD according to historical records for the repeated systems. If the control behavior is still inadequate, use manual tuning to improve the control. See section 3-12 for manual tuning. CPB (Cooling Proportional Band) Programming: The cooling proportional band is measured by % of PB with a range of Initially set 100% for CPB and examine the cooling effect. If the cooling action should be enhanced, then decrease CPB, if the cooling action is too strong, then increase CPB. The value of CPB is related to PB and its value remains unchanged throughout the auto-tuning procedures. Adjustment of CPB is related to the cooling medium used. If air is used as the cooling medium, adjust CPB to 100%. If oil is used as the cooling medium, adjust CPB to 125%. If water is used as the cooling medium, adjust CPB to 250%. DB (Heating-Cooling Dead Band) Programming: The adjustment of DB is dependent on the system requirements. If a more positive value of DB (greater dead band) is used, an unwanted cooling action can be avoided but an excessive overshoot over the set point will occur. If a more negative value of DB (greater overlap) is used, an excessive overshoot over the set point can be minimized, but an unwanted cooling action will occur. It is adjustable in the range -36.0% to 36.0% of PB. A negative DB value shows an overlap area over which both outputs are active. A positive DB value shows a dead band area over which neither output is active. Output 2 ON-OFF control (alarm function): Output 2 can also be configured with an alarm function. There are four kinds of alarm functions that can be selected for output 2. These are: DE.HI (deviation high alarm), DE.LO (deviation low alarm), PV.HI (process high alarm), and PV.LO (process low alarm). Refer to figure 3.3 and figure 3.4 for descriptions of the deviation alarm and the process alarm. 3.3 & 3.4 Alarm Figures, next page 13

18 3.3 & 3.4 Alarm Figures 3 4 Alarm The controller has one alarm output. There are six types of alarm functions and one dwell timer that can be selected, and four kinds of alarm modes (ALMD) are available for each alarm function (ALFN). Output 2 can be configured as another alarm in addition to the alarm output. But output 2 only provides four kinds of alarm functions and only normal alarm mode is available for this alarm. When output 2 is used as an alarm, SP2 sets the trigger point. SP3 sets the trigger point for Alarm. A process alarm sets absolute trigger levels. When the process is higher than SP3, a process high alarm (PV.HI) occurs, and the alarm is off when the process is lower than SP3-ALHY. When the process is lower than SP3, a process low alarm (PV.LO) occurs, and the alarm is off when the process is higher than SP3+ALHY. A process alarm is independent of the set point. A deviation alarm alerts the user when the process deviates from the set point. When the process is higher than SV+SP3, a deviation high alarm (DE.HI) occurs, and the alarm is off when the process is lower than SV+SP3-ALHY. When the Figure 3.3 Output 2 Deviation High Alarm process is lower than SV+SP3, a deviation low alarm (DE.LO) occurs, and the alarm is off when the process is higher than SV+SP3+ALHY. The trigger level of the deviation alarm moves with the set point. A deviation band alarm presets two trigger levels relative to the set point. The two trigger levels are SV+SP3 and SV- SP3 for alarm. When the process is higher than (SV+SP3) or lower than (SV-SP3), a deviation band high alarm (DB.HI) occurs. When the process is within the trigger levels, a deviation band low alarm (DB.LO) occurs. There are four types of alarm modes available for each alarm function. These are: normal alarm, latching alarm, holding alarm and latching/holding alarm. They are described as follows: Figure 3.4 Output 2 Process Low Alarm Normal alarm: ALMD=NORM When a normal alarm is selected, the alarm output is de-energized in the non-alarm condition and energized in an alarm condition. Latching alarm: ALMD=LTCH If a latching alarm is selected, once the alarm output is energized, it will remain unchanged even if the alarm condition is cleared. The latching alarm is reset when the RESET key is pressed after the alarm condition is removed. Holding alarm: ALMD=HOLD A holding alarm prevents an alarm when the control is powering up. The alarm is enabled only when the process reaches the set point value. Afterwards, the alarm performs the same function as a normal alarm. Latching/holding alarm: ALMD=LT.HO A latching/holding alarm performs both holding and latching functions. The latching alarm is reset when the RESET key is pressed after the alarm condition is removed. Alarm failure transfer is activated as the unit enters failure mode. The alarm will go on if ALFT is set for ON and go off if ALFT is set for OFF. The unit will enter failure mode when a sensor break occurs or if the A-D converter of the unit fails. 14

19 3 5 Configuring User Menu Most conventional controllers are designed with a fixed order in which the parameters scroll. The x100 series have the flexibility to allow you to select those parameters which are most significant to you and put these parameters at the front of the display sequence. SEL1~SEL8: Selects the parameter for view and change in the user menu. Range: LOCK, INPT, UNIT, DP, SHIF, PB, TI, TD, O1HY, CYC1, OFST, RR, O2HY, CYC2, CPB, DB, ADDR, ALHY When using the up and down keys to select the parameters, you may not see all of the above parameters. The number of visible parameters is dependent on the setup condition. The hidden parameters for the specific application are also blocked from the SEL selection. Example: OUT2 set for DE.LO PB= SEL1 set for INPT SEL2 set for UNIT SEL3 set for PB SEL4 set for TI SEL5~SEL8 set for NONE Now, the upper display scrolling becomes: 3 7 Dwell Timer The alarm output can be configured as a dwell timer by selecting TIMR for ALFN (alarm function). As the dwell timer is configured, the parameter SP3 is used for dwell time adjustment. The dwell time is measured in minutes ranging from 0.1 to 4553 minutes. Once the process reaches the set point the dwell timer starts to count down to zero (time out). The timer relay will remain unchanged until time out. For the dwell timer to control the heater, the heater circuit (or contactor) must be wired in series with the alarm relay. Note the following diagram located below and also Figure on page 11. When the dwell timer times out, the heater will be turned off. The dwell timer operation is shown in the following diagram. After time out, the dwell timer can be restarted by pressing the RESET key. The timer stops counting during manual control mode, failure mode, the calibration period and the auto-tuning period. If the alarm is configured as a dwell timer, ALHY and ALMD are hidden. 3 6 Ramp Ramp The ramping function is performed during power up as well as any time the set point is changed. If MINR or HRR is chosen for RAMP, the unit will perform the ramping function. The ramp rate is programmed by adjusting RR. The ramping function is disabled as soon as failure mode, manual control mode, auto-tuning mode or calibration mode is entered. Example without dwell timer Select MINR for RAMP, select C for UNIT, select 1-DP for DP, set RR=10.0. SV is set to 200 C initially, and changed to 100 C 30 minutes after power-up. The starting temperature is 30 C. After power-up, the process runs like the curve shown below: Figure 3.6 Dwell Timer Function Figure 3.5 RAMP Function Note: When the ramp function is used, the lower display will show the current ramping value. The ramping value is an artificially determined setpoint created and updated by the control to match the ramp rate set by the user. However, it will revert to show the set point value as soon as the up or down key is touched for adjustment. The ramping value is initiated to process value either on power-up or when RR and/or the set point are changed. Setting RR to zero means no ramp function. Dwell Timer Function Wiring Diagram 15

20 3 8 PV Shift In certain applications it is desirable to shift the controller display value (PV) from its actual value. This can easily be accomplished by using the PV shift function. The SHIF function will alter PV only. Example: A process is equipped with a heater, a sensor, and a subject to be warmed up. Due to the design and position of the components in the system, the sensor could not be placed any closer to the part. Thermal gradient (differing temperatures) is common and necessary to an extent in any thermal system for heat to be transferred from one point to another. If the difference between the sensor and the subject is 35 C, and the desired temperature at the subject to be heated is 200 C, the temperature at the sensor should be 235 C. You should enter -35 C to subtract 35 C from the actual process display. This in turn will cause the controller to energize the load and bring the process display up to the set point value. Figure 3.7 PV Shift Application 3 9 Digital Filter In certain applications, the process value is too unstable to be read due possibly to electrical noise. A programmable lowpass filter incorporated in the controller is used to improve this. It is a first-order filter with the time constant specified by the FILT parameter. The default value of FILT is set at 0.5 seconds before shipping. Adjust FILT to change the time constant from 0 to 60 seconds. 0 seconds means no filter is applied to the input signal. The filter is characterized by the diagram in Figure 3.8. Note: The filter is available only for PV, and is performed for the displayed value only. The controller is designed to use unfiltered signal for control even if the filter is applied. A lagged (filtered) signal, if used for control, may produce an unstable process. Figure 3.8 Filter Characteristics 3 10 Failure Transfer The controller will enter failure mode if one of the following conditions occurs: 1. SBER occurs due to input sensor break or input current below 1mA if 4 20 ma is selected or input voltage below 0.25V if 1 5V is selected. 2. ADER occurs due to the A-D converter of the controller failing. Output 1 and output 2 will perform the failure transfer function as the controller enters failure mode. Output 1 failure transfer, if activated, will perform: 1. If output 1 is configured as proportional control (PB 0), and BPLS is selected for O1FT, then output 1 will perform bumpless transfer. Thereafter, the previous averaging value of MV1 will be used for controlling output If output 1 is configured as proportional control (PB 0), and a value of 0 to 100.0% is set for O1FT, then output 1 will perform failure transfer. Thereafter, the value of O1FT will be used for controlling output If output 1 is configured as ON-OFF control (PB=0), then output 1 will be driven OFF if OFF is set for O1FT and will be driven ON if ON is set for O1FT. Output 2 failure transfer, if activated, will perform: 1. If OUT2 is configured as COOL, and BPLS is selected for O1FT, then output 2 will perform bumpless transfer. Thereafter, the previous averaging value of MV2 will be used for controlling output If OUT2 is configured as COOL, and a value of 0 to 100.0% is set for O2FT, then output 2 will perform failure transfer. Thereafter, the value of O1FT will be used for controlling output If OUT2 is configured as alarm function, and O2FT is set to OFF, then output 2 will go off. Otherwise, output 2 will go on if O2FT is set to ON. Alarm failure transfer is activated as the controller enters failure mode. Thereafter, the alarm will transfer to the ON or OFF state preset by ALFT. 16

21 3 11 Auto-tuning The auto-tuning process is performed near the set point. The process will oscillate around the set point during the tuning process. Set the set point at a lower value if overshooting beyond the normal process value is likely to cause damage. Auto-tuning is applied in cases of: Initial setup for a new process The set point is changed substantially from the previous auto-tuning value The control result is unsatisfactory Operation: 1. The system has been installed normally. 2. Set the correct values for the setup menu of the unit, but don t set a zero value for PB and TI, or the auto-tuning program will be disabled. The LOCK parameter should be set at NONE. 3. Set the set point to a normal operating value, or a lower value if overshooting beyond the normal process value is likely to cause damage. 4. Press and hold until appears on the display. 5. Then press again for at least 5 seconds. The AT indicator will begin to flash and the auto-tuning procedure begins. NOTE: The ramping function, if used, will be disabled when auto-tuning is taking place. Auto-tuning mode is disabled as soon as either failure mode or manual control mode is entered. Procedures: Auto-tuning can be applied either as the process is warming up (cold start), or when the process has been in a steady state (warm start). After the auto-tuning procedures are completed, the AT indicator will cease to flash and the unit will revert to PID control using its new PID values. The PID values obtained are stored in the nonvolatile memory. Auto-Tuning Error If auto-tuning fails an ATER message will appear on the upper display in the following cases: If PB exceeds 9000 (9000 PU, F or C), if TI exceeds 1000 seconds, if the set point is changed during the auto-tuning procedure. Solutions to 1. Try auto-tuning once again. 2. Don t change the set point value during the auto-tuning procedure. 3. Don t set a zero value for PB and TI. 4. Use manual tuning instead of auto-tuning (see section 3-12). 5. Touch RESET key to reset message Manual Tuning In certain applications auto-tuning may be inadequate for the control requirements. You can try manual tuning for these applications. If the control performance using auto-tuning is still unsatisfactory, the following rules can be applied for further adjustment of PID values: Table 3.2 PID Adjustment Guide Figure 3.9 Effects of PID Adjustment Figure 3.9 shows the effects of PID adjustment on process response. 17

22 3 13 Manual Control Operation To enable manual control, the LOCK parameter should be set to NONE, then press for 6.2 seconds; (hand control) will appear on the display. Press for 5 seconds, then the MAN indicator will begin to flash and the lower display will show. The controller is now in manual control mode. indicates output control variable for output 1, and indicates control variable for output 2. Now you can use the up and down keys to adjust the percentage values for the heating or cooling output. The controller performs open loop control as long as it stays in manual control mode. Exit Manual Control Pressing the R key will cause the controller to revert to its normal display mode Process Variable (PV) Retransmission The controller can output (retransmit) the process value via its retransmission terminals RE+ and RE- provided that the retransmission option is ordered. A correct signal type should be selected for COMM parameter to meet the retransmission option installed. RELO and REHI are set to specify the low scale and high scale values of retransmission Data Communication The controllers support RTU mode of Modbus protocol for data communication. Other protocols are not available for this series. Two types of interface are available for data communication. These are RS-485 and RS-232 interface. Since RS-485 uses a differential architecture to drive and sense signal instead of a single-ended architecture like the one used for RS-232, RS- 485 is less sensitive to noise and suitable for communication over a longer distance. RS-485 can communicate without error over a 1km distance while RS-232 is not recommended for a distance of over 20 meters. Using a PC for data communication is the most economical method. The signal is transmitted and received through the PC communication port (generally RS-232). Since a standard PC can't support an RS-485 port, a network adapter (such as TEC 99001) has to be used to convert RS-485 to RS-232 for a PC if RS-485 is required for data communication. Up to 247 RS-485 units can be connected to one RS-232 port; therefore a PC with four comm ports can communicate with 988 units. Setup Enter the setup menu. Select RTU for COMM. Set individual addresses for any units that are connected to the same port. Set the baud rate (BAUD), data bit (DATA), parity bit (PARI) and stop bit (STOP) so that these values are accordant with PC setup conditions. If you use a conventional 9-pin RS-232 cable instead of TEC99014, the cable should be modified for proper operation of RS-232 communication according to section 2-9. Refer to chapter 7 for a complete technical description of the Modbus Communications Protocol. 18

23 Chapter 4 Applications 4 1 Heat Only Control with Dwell Timer An oven is designed to dry products at 150 C for 30 minutes and then stay unpowered for another batch. A TEC equipped with dwell timer is used for this purpose. The system diagram is shown as follows: To achieve this function, set the following parameters in the setup menu: INPT=K_TC UNIT= C DP=1_DP OUT1=REVR O1TY=RELY CYC1=18.0 O1FT=0.0 ALFN=TIMR ALFT=ON Auto-tuning is performed at 150 C for this application. 4 2 Cool Only Control A TEC-8100 is used to control a refrigerator at temperatures below 0 C. This temperature is lower than the ambient, so a cooling action is required. Select DIRT for OUT1. Since output 1 is used to drive a magnetic contactor, O1TY should be set to RELY. A small temperature oscillation is tolerable, so use ON- OFF control to reduce the over-all cost. To use ON-OFF control, set PB to zero and O1HY at 0.1 C. 19

24 4 3 Heat-Cool Control An injection mold is required to be controlled at 120 C to ensure a consistent quality for the parts. An oil pipe is buried in the mold. Since plastics are injected at a higher temperature (e.g., 250 C), the circulation oil needs to be cooled as its temperature rises. Here is an example: The PID heat-cool is used for the example at left. To achieve this, set the following parameters in the setup menu: INPT=PT.DN UNIT= C DP= 1-DP OUT1=REVR O1TY=RELY CYC1=18.0 (sec.) O1FT=0.0 OUT2=COOL O2TY=4 20 O2FT=BPLS Set SV at C, CPB at 125(%) and DB at -4.0(%). Apply auto-tuning at 120 C for a new system to get optimal PID values. See section Adjustment of CPB is related to the cooling medium used. If water is used as the cooling medium instead of oil, the CPB should be set at 250(%). If air is used as the cooling medium instead of oil, the CPB should be set at 100(%). The adjustment of DB is dependent on the system requirements. A higher positive value of DB will prevent unwanted cooling action, but will increase the temperature overshoot, while a lower negative value of DB will result in less temperature overshoot, but will increase unwanted cooling action. 20