G3-PLC Powerline Communication Standard for Today s Smart Grid

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1 G3-PLC Powerline Communication Standard for Today s Smart Grid October, 2012 Jean Vigneron General Secretary of G3-PLC Alliance Jean.vigneron@g3-plc.com Kaveh Razazian Senior Scientist - Maxim Integrated kaveh.razazian@maximintegrated.com

2 Choosing a Technology Platform for the Future The biggest challenge facing implementers is how to meet both current and future smart grid requirements, while ensuring interoperability and openendedness among grid elements When evaluating communications platforms, it is important to look for a solution that: Provides cost-effective system architecture - Plug-and-Play Provides real-time communications Robust, long range, two-way link Includes security mechanisms - to protect grid assets and theft Standards based - to ensure interoperability and open-endedness Scalable and field upgradable Strong industry support

3 PLC Evolution 1950 s 10Hz one way communication used managing town lighting 1970 s - X10 low speed (20 bits/s), one way communication for simple control of devices and appliances 1980s - INSTEON using X10 and RF to address inherent limitations of X10 to penetrate a wider network 1990 s - FSK PLC technology became popular providing low data rate (2.4kbps), two way communication for command and control applications 2000 s Broadband above 2MHz, PLC communication (OFDM) for multimedia consumer applications 2010 s - G3-PLC low frequency below 500KHz PLC (OFDM) delivering highly reliable, high speed, secure, two way communication designed specifically for the Smart Grid

Severe Channel Condition Preamble Impulsive

there is harmonic noise, impulsive noise,

4 Severe Channel Condition Preamble Impulsive Noise Figure 1 Figure 2 In noisy AC line, there is harmonic noise, impulsive noise, and frequency selective attenuation. Therefore signal amplitude variation is large as shown in Figures 1 & 2 Noise power distribution between 10kHz to130khz is db stronger than signals above 200kHz Maxim Confidential

G3-PLC Defined by Utilities, Developed for Utilities In association with: ERDF (Electricité Réseau Distribution France) 100% subsidiary of EDF (Electricité dé France) 35M customers 1,284,000km of

5 G3-PLC Defined by Utilities, Developed for Utilities In association with: ERDF (Electricité Réseau Distribution France) 100% subsidiary of EDF (Electricité dé France) 35M customers 1,284,000km of electricity power lines Smart grid deployment plan: 2012 Technology developer: Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. Over 25 years in business; 12 years in OFDM PLC Main objective: Communication technology offering a balance of robustness, quality of service, high data rate and cost Deliverable: A complete OFDM PLC specification, including PHY, MAC, adaptation layer, and meter profile PHY/MAC specification completed: 2009

6 G3-PLC - A Global Solution Robustness MV / MV, MV / LV & LV / LV High data rate IPv6 compliant Secure Open specification Low density areas High density areas Smart Grid and additional services

Government Regulations for PLC FCC section 15 defined 10-490kHz frequency band for PLC in North America and Canada ARIB defined 10-450kHz frequency band for PLC in Asia and Japan Cenelec EN50065-1

7 Government Regulations for PLC FCC section 15 defined kHz frequency band for PLC in North America and Canada ARIB defined kHz frequency band for PLC in Asia and Japan Cenelec EN defined a range of low frequency bands for PLC in Europe A-band (3-95 khz), Frequencies in this band shall only be used for applications for monitoring or controlling the low-voltage,distribution network, including energy usage of connected equipment and premises B-band ( khz), can be used by all applications C-band( khz), for home networking systems D-band ( khz), specified for alarm-and security-systems

G3-PLC Smart Grid Solution Summary Application Layer Transport Layer Network Layer MAC Layer Physical Layer Complete PLC modem for the Smart Grid (from the PHY to the Application layer) COSEM

8 G3-PLC Smart Grid Solution Summary Application Layer Transport Layer Network Layer MAC Layer Physical Layer Complete PLC modem for the Smart Grid (from the PHY to the Application layer) COSEM Interface model Application COSEM AL Layer Wrapper Files TFTP Compressed UDP Compressed IPv6 6LoWPAN Adaptation sublayer MAC sublayer PHY layer CPL media SNMP Init Mngt Physical Layer Support of internationally accepted bands from 10kHz - 490kHz (FCC, CENELEC, ARIB) Multi-layer error encoding/decoding Viterbi, Convolution, Reed Solomon and CRC16 8psk,QPSK, BPSK, Robo, Messaging Mode Adaptive Tone mapping, notching and modulation Application Layer Compliant ANSI C12.19/C12.22, IEC /62 (DLMS/COSEM)or other standards used world wide Transport and Network Layer IPv6 enables potential services: SNMP, TFPT, etc Adaptation layer 6LowPan associates the MAC Layer to IPV6: Compression of IP header, fragmentation, routing, authentication. MAC layer Plug and play network management to choose Best Path (Full Mesh Support) Time domain and collision management MAC Layer IEEE CSMA/ARQ

Benefits of OFDM Higher Data rates at Lower SNR FSK provides only 2Kbps @ 10^-4 BER at 12dB* (From STM Datasheet) OFDM provides 32Kbps @ 10^-4 BER, and at only 3dB* (G3-Lite - MAX2990 w/dbpsk) Figure

9 Benefits of OFDM Higher Data rates at Lower SNR FSK provides only 10^-4 BER at 12dB* (From STM Datasheet) OFDM provides 10^-4 BER, and at only 3dB* (G3-Lite - MAX2990 w/dbpsk) Figure 1 Figure 2 10dB performance improvement vs. single-carrier PLC Higher reliability Wider coverage Longer distances * 12dB SNR means signal is ~4 times stronger than noise * 3dB SNR means signal is ~1.5 times stronger than noise

10 G3-PLC Data Rates and BER plots Frequency Band Typ Robo Data Rate (bps) Typ DBPSK Data Rate (bps) Typ DQPSK Data Rate (bps) Typ D8PSK Data Rate (bps) Max D8PSK Data Rate (bps) CENELEC A (36kHz to 91kHz) 4,500 14,640 29,285 43,928 46,044 FCC (150kHz to 487.5kHz) 21,000 62, , , ,321 FCC (10kHz to 487.5kHz) 38,000 75, , , ,224

11 Channel Characteristics: Bad Condition 0.4 Received Signal + Noise in Good channel RMS= V 0.4 Received Noise in Good channel RMS= V Preamble Attenuation= 20 db (Signal reduced ~10 Times) SIR = -6 db (interference stronger 2 times than Signal ) Maxim Confidential

12 S-FSK vs. OFDM Application Data Rate Technology Time (s) to Get a Load Profile Reading of 3300 Bytes* S-FSK S-FSK OFDM 4 *Notes: Calculated by DLMS-UA for S-FSK. Measured in the field for OFDM.

13 Designed for multiple Smart Grid applications Grid asset management Meter management In-home energy display/management Electric vehicle charging Lighting automation (Street, Airport, commercial buildings) Factory automation/energy monitoring

Prepublication Dec 2011 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 OFDM Demo EDF/ERDF Jan 2007 Start Spec Development Aug 2008 Spec

14 G3-PLC progress to mass roll-out OFDM Field Trials Dec 2007 G3-PLC (DSP) Field Trails June 2009 Standardization starts (IEEE, ITU, IEC) Dec 2009 G3-PLC Chipset Available Nov 2010 G3-PLC DC/Meter (Production) July 2011 ITU G3-PLC Standard Prepublication Dec OFDM Demo EDF/ERDF Jan 2007 Start Spec Development Aug 2008 Spec Release July 2009 DC/Meter (Implementation) June 2010 DC/Meter DC/Meter Deployment Completed (Certification) Sep 2011 May 2011

15 G3-PLC Standardization G3-PLC - Main Technology Driving Narrow Band (NB) OFDM PLC Standardization NB OFDM PLC Standards under development to date: ITU G.9955 G3-PLC Annex Pre-publication completed in Dec 2011 IEEE Cenelec through FCC based on G3-PLC target ballot Q2CY12 DLMS /COSEM Upper Layer G3-PLC submitted for inclusion in Blue Book

16 Field tested Worldwide France ERDF Portugal - EDP USA - WIN Energy and St Louis Coop Japan TEPCO and Chugoku China, State Grid and NARI Taiwan - III/TaiPower Mexico CFE Germany - Vattenfall

17 Field test Results - Examples

18 Typical Electricity Topology Isolated (<9 meters/transformer) Urban area (~400 meters/transformer) Residential ( meters/transformer)

19 Long-distance MV-to-MV Tests (France) Test performed by ERDF 6.4KM. No repeaters. Technology Distance Data Rate (Kbps) FER (Frame Error rate) G3* 6.4Km % *G3 tests preformed in CENELEC (32-95kHz ) frequency band without 8PSK limiting data rate.

MV-to-LV and LV-to-MV (France) A (M) MV-to-LV Test Setup 2 km 1,4 km (S)

connected to the LV network MV-to-LV transformer crossing introduced

configuration Data Rate (bps) FER (Frame Error Rate) G3-PLC* 4175 bps 1%

20 MV-to-LV and LV-to-MV (France) A (M) MV-to-LV Test Setup 2 km 1,4 km (S) (S) B Concentrator installed on the MV network, and two slave devices connected to the LV network MV-to-LV transformer crossing introduced frequency-dependent attenuation of over 40dB Technology Master/ Slave configuration Data Rate (bps) FER (Frame Error Rate) G3-PLC* 4175 bps 1% *G3-PLC tests preformed in CENELEC (32-95kHz ) frequency band without 8PSK limiting data rate.

21 Test configuration

22 Pictures from Field Test Room #2 with all commonly used home appliances where PLC Rx #3 was located. location where PLC Rx #1 and PLC Rx #2 were located with two Kotasus were on.

Water Pot, Blanket, and carpet vacuum The noise spectrum of two major noise

23 Home Appliances Noise The following appliances are used as the noise source in the field trial: IH Heater, TV, triac, 3 Kotasu Heaters, Microwave, Rice Cooker, Water Pot, Blanket, and carpet vacuum The noise spectrum of two major noise sources IH Heater an Kotasu are as shown below: IH Heater Kotasu Heater Maxim Confidential

as shown as below With ATM mode, data rate is about 6-10 kbps signal level is much higher

24 Test Results At room 2, we compare the received spectrum with all noise sources off (on the left side), and the received spectrum with all noise sources on (on the right side) as shown as below With ATM mode, data rate is about 6-10 kbps signal level is much higher than noise level signal level is almost the same as noise level Noise level Maxim Confidential

25 MV-to-LV Tests (USA) High-speed communications while crossing medium-to-low voltage transformers MV LV From To Distance Frequency Data Rate Mode Band (Kbps) A B.8KM kHz BPSK 54 A C 1.8KM kHz BPSK 48

26 Test results in Beijing MV (10KV) Distance Freq Band Data Rate A -> B: 150m ARIB 100Kbps A -> C: 155m ARIB 100Kbps A -> D: 220m ARIB 100Kbps A LV (380V) T1 (701) T2 (703) MAX2990 Transmitter Air Switch Air Switch A -> E: 200m ARIB 96Kbps MAX2990 Receiver D Building #1 Building #2 18F 18F Building ## 18F Building ## 18F B 18 Floors C MAX2990 Receiver MAX2990 Receiver B 3F 2F 1F Basement Air Switch E MAX2990 Receiver 3F 2F 1F Basement Air Switch 3F 2F 1F Basement Air Switch 3F 2F 1F Air Switch Test were performed in a customer designated site Substation located in the basement of a parking structure Test site had two MV/LV transformers (T1 and T2). MV A LV MV distribution is underground

27 Thank you for your attention Visit our website

28 Additional G3-PLC Information Idaho National Labs Charger and EMC testing Pacific National Labs 30 million Message test merit_review_2011/veh_sys_sim/vss055_gowri_2011_ p..pdf IEEE G3-PLC Research G3-PLC on Galvanized SWER = &url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2 Fiel5%2F %2F %2F pdf%3Far number%3d

Low Frequency, Narrowband PLC Standards for Smart Grid The PLC Standards Gap!

Low Frequency, Narrowband PLC Standards for Smart Grid The PLC Standards Gap! Don Shaver TI Fellow Director, Communications and Medical Systems Laboratory Texas Instruments Incorporated December 3, 2009