Smart Networks and Smart Cities

Transcription

1 Fare clic per modificare stili del testo dello schema Secondo livello Terzo livello Quarto livello New IoT communication technologies for Smart Networks and Smart Cities Univ. Prof. Dr. Andrea M. Tonello Chair of Embedded Communication Systems University of Klagenfurt - European Utility Week 2018 Vienna Austria Diehl Event 6 November 2018 Copyright notice: These slides may contain copyrighted material. They cannot be copied or distributed without copyright holders permission 1

2 Abstract The talk covers advances on telecommunication technology for applications in IoT, smart cities and smart grids. Emphasis is given to the requirements posed by massive networks in such applications, and the technical approaches for massive connectivity offered by new wireless and power line communication technologies. In particular, long range and low power wireless access, 4G-5G cellular machine type communications, as well as narrow band and broad band PLC for IoT will be overviewed. Coexistence and interoperability issues will also be addressed. A.M. Tonello, November

3 Content IoT domains and requirements for communications Communication technologies Radio technologies for massive connectivity Power line communications Interoperability and novel paradigms for networking 3

4 IoT domains 4

5 IoT spans several market verticals People Energy Transportation Industry Smart City Agriculture Health Education Photos source: 5

6 Services and communication requirements People Internet access, mobile services, gaming Smart and assisted living Children, pet tracking Energy - resources Smart grids, renewables Metering (electricity, water, gas) Asset management, maintenance Transportation Autonomous driving Safety, intelligent transportation Aerial taxis navigation Industry Robotics Asset and process management Logistics QoS Data rate Latency Range Battery life QoS Data rate Latency Range Battery life QoS Data rate Latency Range Battery life Data rate Range Battery life QoS Latency 6

7 Some numbers Data rate per node: 10 bps 10 Gbps (sensor reading multimedia) Latency: 1 ms 200 ms (autonomous driving voice) Range: 1 m 20 km (personal device wildlife tracking) Battery life: 1 day 10 years (gadgets metering) Node density: 1/m 2 1/km 2 (personal device remote sensors) Massive amount of nodes 9 Mil. devices in an area of 20x20 km Data traffic of 60 GB per user per month by 2021 Photo source: 7

8 How can we provide connectivity? 8

9 Main communication technologies Wireless radio Short range: NFC, Bluetooth, Zigbee, Z-Wave, WiFi Medium range: WiMax, 2G-4G cellular Long range: WMBus, DASH7, RPMA, WIZE, Sigfox, LoRa GSM-IoT, emtc, NB-IoT 5G (to come) Power line Narrow band PLC: Prime, G3-PLC, IEEE , ITU G.hnem Broad band PLC: IEEE 1901, ITU G.hn, IEEE Wireline Fiber: FTTN, FTTC, FTTB, FTTH Twisted pair: ADSL, ADSL2, VDSL, G.fast 9

10 Radio regulatory framework Unlicensed spectrum Licensed spectrum 10

11 Unlicensed spectrum Europe (CEPT- ERC Recommendation 70-03, 2018): Non specific short range devices tracking, tracing, data acquisition devices 2.4 Band Signal bandwidth Power Duty cycle khz 500 mw e.r.p. 1.0 % duty cycle (note 1) Not specified 10 mw e.r.p. 0.1 % duty cycle (note 1) Not specified 10 mw e.r.p % duty cycle except for 00:00 h to 06:00 h local time where the duty cycle limit is 0.1% (note 1) Not specified 10 mw e.r.p. 0.1 % duty cycle (note 1) Not specified 10 mw e.r.p. 10 % duty cycle (note 1) Not specified 1 mw e.r.p. Power density: No requirement except for (note 11) -13 dbm/10 khz khz 10 mw e.r.p. No requirement except for (note 11) khz 25 mw e.r.p. 0.1% duty cycle khz for 47 or more channels (note 2) 25 mw e.r.p. 0.1% duty cycle or LBT (notes 1 and 5) Not specified 25 mw e.r.p. Power density: -4.5 dbm/100 khz (note 7) 0.1% duty cycle or LBT+AFA (notes 1, 5 and 6) khz, for 1 or more channels modulation 25 mw e.r.p. 0.1% duty cycle or LBT + AFA (notes 1 and 5) bandwidth 300 khz (note 2) khz Very 500 mw e.r.p. fragmented (note 5) 10% duty cycle for network access points (notes 6 and 7) 2.5% duty cycle otherwise Not specified for 1 or more channels (note 2) 25 mw e.r.p. 1% duty cycle or LBT +AFA (note 1) Not specified for 1 or more channels (note 2) 25 mw e.r.p. 0.1% duty cycle or LBT+AFA (note 1) Not specified for 1 or more channels 500 mw e.r.p. 10% duty cycle or LBT+AFA (note 1) Not specified for 1 or more channels 5 mw e.r.p.; 25 mw e.r.p. No requirement for 5 mw e.r.p.; 1% duty cycle or LBT+AFA (note 1) for 25 mw e.r.p khz 25 mw e.r.p. 0.1% duty cycle. For ER-GSM protection ( MHz, where applicable): the duty cycle is limited to 0.01% and to a maximum transmit on- time of 5ms/1s khz 500 mw e.r.p. 2.5% duty cycle and APC required (note 1). For ER-GSM protection ( MHz, where applicable), the duty cycle is limited to 0.01% and limited to a maximum transmit on time of 5ms/1s (note 2) khz 25 mw e.r.p. 1% duty cycle. For ER-GSM protection ( MHz, where applicable): the duty cycle is limited to 0.01% and to a maximum transmit on time of 5ms/1s khz 25 mw e.r.p. 0.1% duty cycle. For ER-GSM protection ( MHz, where applicable): the duty cycle is limited to 0.01% and to a maximum transmit on- time of 5ms/1s khz except for the 4 channels identified in note 9 where 400 khz applies 25 mw e.r.p. except for the 4 channels identified in note 9 where 100 mw e.r.p. applies 1% duty cycle (note 10). For ER-GSM protection ( MHz, where applicable): the duty cycle is limited to 0.01% and to a maximum transmit on- time of 5ms/1s Not specified 10 mw e.i.r.p. No requirement 11

12 Radio technologies 12

13 WiFi ah WM-Bus DASH7 Ingenu RPMA Main radio systems: unlicensed spectrum Band Unlicensed under 1GHz, except TV Channel width 1/2/4/8/16 MHz Modulation and Access technique Transmitted power OFDM - TDMA 0 dbm to 30 dbm, depending on region RX sensitivity (implementation specific) -92 dbm (2 MHz) Range (under ideal conditions) 1 km (rural) Star, tree (2- hop) Topology Data rate DL 150 kb/s, up to 300 Mb/s Data rate UL 150 kb/s, up to 300 Mb/s Mobility Nodes per gateway Battery life (estimated given duty cycle) IPv6 No week Likely 868 MHz 169 MHz 10 khz to 100 khz FSK 10 dbm -105 dbm 500 m Star kb/s kb/s No Not specified Years No ISM 2.4 GHz 25 or FSK - CSMA 433 MHz: km Tree by kb/s kb/s No N/A 10 years Likely EU: 433/ khz 10 dbm default, (connectionl USA: /915 MHz: star or ess) MHz +27 dbm mesh ISM 2.4 GHz 1 MHz CDMA - RPMA Up to 43 dbm -142 dbm 15 km (rural) Star 50 kb/s 50 kb/s Yes Likely WIZE 169 MHz km kb/s kb/s No years Likely SIGFOX LoRa ISM 2.4 GHz MHz ISM 2.4 GHz EU: 433/ /915 USA: 902 MHz 100 Hz BPSK - Aloha Up to 20 dbm -142 dbm 5-10 km (urban), 100 km (rural) 125 khz FSK + Chirp spread spectrum LoRa WAN EU: 14 dbm US: 27 dbm -137 dbm 5 km (urban), 15 km (rural) Star 4x8b/day 100 b/s No years Unlikely Star EU: 30 b/s- 50 kb/s US: kb/s EU: 30 b/s- 50 kb/s US: kb/s No years Likely REF. I. C. R. Tardy et al., Comparison of wireless techniques applied to environmental sensor monitoring, Sintef tech. Report, REF. G. A. Akpakwu et al., A survey on 5G networks for the internet of things: communication technologies and challenges, IEEE Access,

14 Cellular IoT: licensed spectrum Band GPRS MHz licensed EC-GSM-IoT MHz licensed LTE Cat-M1 (emtc) MHz licensed or shared LTE Cat-NB1 (NB-IoT) MHz licensed or shared Channel width Modulation and Access technique Transmitted power RX sensitivity (implementation specific) Range (under ideal conditions) NB-IoT can be flexibly deployed in GSM or LTE spectrum Topology Data rate DL Data rate UL Mobility Nodes per gateway Battery life (estimated given duty cycle) 200 khz GMSK - TDMA Up to 43 dbm -114 dbm 5 km Star 10 kb/s 10 kb/s Yes week No 200 khz GMSK, 8-PSK TDMA-FDMA 1.08 (1.4) SC-FDMA (UL) MHz OFDMA (DL) 180 (200) khz SC-FDMA (UL) OFDMA (DL) 33 dbm 23 dbm 23 dbm 20 dbm 23 dbm 20 dbm -131 dbm 5 km Star kb/s kb/s Yes years Yes dbm 5 km (rural) Star <1 Mb/s <1 Mb/s Yes years Yes -144 dbm 5 km (rural) Star 170 kb/s 250 kb/s Yes years Yes IPv6 NB-IoT GSM Carriers NB-IoT LTE Carriers NB-IoT LTE Carriers Standalone Operation In-Band Operation Guard Band Operation 14

15 Key performance indicators Radio technology is the preferred solution for: Battery powered applications (e.g., gas/water metering) Mobile applications (e.g, waste tracking) Key performance indicators (KPIs) Spectrum Coverage Latency Battery life Size Nodes per gateway Congestion management Network scalability Capex, Opex, 15

16 Power line communications 16

17 PLC applications in the IoT domain INTERNET Network Operator house MV/LV substation LV PLC LV PLC MV PLC MV PLC MV/LV substation MV PLC HV/MV station building MV/LV LV PLC substation house Smart home Electricity metering Core network Backhauling E-car and charging Smart grid 17

18 PLC standards and the smart grid Home Automation ISO/IEC EIA 600 IEC IEEE P ITU-T G High Speed HAN ITU-T G.9960 G9961 IEEE P1901 Metering & SG ITU-T G ITU-T G9960 IEEE P IEC For metering: Narrow Band PLC (9-500 khz) is OK For more demanding services Broad Band PLC (2-86 MHz) may be preferred Internet LV line MV line Narrow Band PLC IEEE ITU G.hnem Prime G3-PLC Broad Band PLC IEEE 1901 IEEE (for IoT, just completed) ITU G.hn IEC : HomePlug Green PHY REF. A. M. Tonello, A. Pittolo, Considerations on narrowband and broadband power line communication for smart grids, IEEE SmartGridCom

19 PLC for grid sensing and predictive maintenance PLC modems can be used as network probes (high frequency sensors) PLC for sensing the grid can be used for Topology estimation Switches status monitoring Loads identification Users branching on-off Fault detection and localization Cables aging detection Phase detection REF. F. Passerini, A. M. Tonello, Using communications for grid discovery and diagnostics, Encyclopedia of Wireless Networks 2018 Photo source: 19

20 Connectivity is not sufficient The full service needs to be provided 20

21 Parties and complexity management End users Smart city Smart industry Smart cars Smart health Smart grids Smart buildings Access requests Data IoT providers Subscribtion Access control Resource management QoS management Infrastructure providers Actions and management Raw data Edge, fog, cloud End-devices Network providers Computing providers REF. R. Yu et al, The fog of things paradigm: road toward on-demand internet of things, IEEE Communications Magazine

22 Convergence (interoperability) is necessary Convergence can be realized at the edge and cloud level Network slicing Virtual slices to share the network infrastructure and deliver a certain service with guaranteed QoS and security Network functions are realized in the Cloud Cloud network functions Access functions (management of user and control plane) are offloaded to the Edge Edge access functions Overall orchestration with AI mechanisms Access Access Access 22

23 Take away conclusions 23

24 Take away conclusions We made significant progress in connectivity Low power wireless access technologies are the current solution for battery powered IoT devices 5G R&D focuses more on IoT, now Harmonization and standardization have to be completed PLC has a role in the smart grid and for providing a backbone Wide set of requirements and massive amount of nodes bring Challenges to guarantee high QoS Opportunities for the intelligent orchestration of the network 24

25 Thank you! For any further question: Andrea Tonello University of Klagenfurt 25