Power Line Communication Technology Update
|
|
- Leslie Watson
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Power Line Communication Technology Update By Walter Downey and Phil Sutterlin Echelon Corporation 415 Oakmead Parkway Sunnyvale, CA ECHELON ( ) 1
2 Power Line Communications ❿ Power lines are designed for delivering power not data ❿High noise ❿High attenuation ❿Signal distortion ❿ It takes a sophisticated modem to communicate reliably 2
3 What Causes Attenuation? Panel Transmitting Node 7Vpp 6dB Attenuation 7Vmpp Receiving Node ❿Voltage dividers ❿Wiring inductance ❿Shunt loads Panel loading EMC capacitors ❿Phase coupling loss Attenuation(dB) = 2*LOG 1 (V transmit /V receive ) 3
4 Power Line Attenuation in Homes 3 1% Number of socket pairs % are =54 db Attenuation 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% Attenuation (db) ❿World wide home attenuation results ❿ 1,889 randomly selected socket pairs ❿ 169 houses, apartments, condominiums ❿ 5 countries ❿ Data taken at 132 khz 4
5 Noise Sources ❿ Dimmers ❿ Triac controlled lights ❿ Produce large impulses at 1Hz or 12Hz ❿ Switching power supplies ❿ Fundamentals at 2kHz to >1MHz ❿ Rich in harmonics ❿ Power line intercoms ❿ 3V pp to 7V pp from 15kHz to 4kHz ❿ Universal series wound motors ❿ Vacuum cleaners, kitchen appliances, drills ❿ High repetition rate impulses 5
6 Dimmer Noise Line Neutral Dimmer ❿ Characteristics: ❿ Large 2V to 5 Volt impulses ❿ Repetition rate 1Hz or 12Hz ❿ Ringing tail ~15kHz -6 db Packet Magnification = 25X 5 V/div 2 mv/div.2 ms/div.2 ms/div 6
7 Switching Power Supply Noise Line Neutral 15k-1MHz Switching Power Supply ❿ Characteristics: ❿ Oscillator 2kHz to >1MHz ❿ Conducts oscillator noise onto power line ❿ Frequency often varies with load ❿ Harmonics can be large Level dbv mV/div PLT-22 Packet Switching Supply Noise Frequency (MHz) 2 ms/div 7
8 Intercom Noise Amp 15k-5kHz Power Line Intercom or Baby Monitor Line Neutral ❿ Characteristics: ❿ ~ 3kHz bandwidth ❿ Typically 15kHz to 5kHz ❿ Output Level up to 7V pp ❿ Harmonics can be large Intercom + Harmonics Level dbv PLT-22 Packet 5 V/div Frequency (MHz) 2 µs/div 8
9 Universal Series Wound Motors ❿Characteristics: ❿ Impulse noise ❿ Rep rate of few kilo-hertz ❿ Wide band spectrum -1-2 Level dbv mv/div Frequency (MHz) 1 ms/div 9
10 Distortion Amplitude (db) Phase Amplitude Frequency (khz) Phase (degrees) ❿ Non-flat frequency response ❿ Non-linear phase response ❿ Time varying impedance 1
11 Communication Options ❿Phase Locked Loop - Based Narrow Band ❿ Amplitude Shift Keying ❿ Frequency Shift Keying ❿ Phase Shift Keying ❿Correlator - Based Spread Spectrum ❿ Direct Sequence ❿ Chirp ❿ Frequency Hop ❿ Digital Signal Processing - Based BPSK ❿ Dual Carrier Frequency Operation ❿ Impulse Noise Cancellation ❿ Adaptive Distortion Correction 11
12 Narrow Band Transmission Data 1 Sine Wave Carrier Amplitude Modulator Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) 1 Data 1 Sine Wave Carrier Frequency Modulator Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) 1 Data 1 Phase Modulator Phase Shift Keying (PSK) Sine Wave Carrier 1 ❿ In practice the waveforms are shaped to contain their spectra 12
13 PLL Based Narrow Band Reception ❿ Phase shift keyed receiver example: XI XI LPF I 1 1 Carrier Phase Locked Loop Oscillator 9 Carrier 9 XQ XQ LPF Q 13
14 What is Spread Spectrum? ❿ A method of transmission where: ❿ The transmitted signal occupies a bandwidth considerably greater than the minimum necessary to send the information and... ❿ Some function other than the information being sent is employed to determine the resulting modulated bandwidth. Data 1 Spreading Signal Modulator Sine wave carrier Phase Modulator Spread Carrier Spread Spectrum Transmission 1 ❿ In practice, a pre-spread carrier waveform may be stored in ROM 14
15 Spread Spectrum Transmission Data 1 ø Mod Sine wave carrier Phase Modulator Spread Carrier 1 Direct Sequence Data 1 f Mod Sine wave carrier Phase Modulator Spread Carrier 1 Chirp Data 1 f Mod Sine wave carrier Phase Modulator Spread Carrier 1 Frequency Hop ❿ In practice, the waveforms are shaped to control their spectra 15
16 Spread Spectrum Reception Spread Spectrum Input N samples covering one bit time µs/div Sample Clock Pattern Matching Circuit Parallel Correlator 1 Degree of Match Correlation 25µs/div... N sample reference pattern Corresponding to an ideal bit ❿ To contain cost the spread spectrum input is digitized to a single bit in amplitude 16
17 What Does Spread Spectrum Do? ❿ Aids performance with medium level tones and impulses ❿ The maximum improvement set by the degree of spreading (process gain) ❿ The process gain of a 1kbps, 1kHz-4kHz signal is 15dB (1*log3) ❿ In practice, this gain is only a few db ❿ Increases susceptibility to signal distortion ❿ Requires distortion correction ❿ Not recommended for residential applications TV sets are the most common source of distortion ❿ Degrades tonal noise rejection ❿ Wider receive bandwidth picks up more large amplitude interference 17
18 Distortion Characteristics ❿ Narrow band signals are subject to much lower levels of distortion than wide band spread spectrum signals Attenuation (db) kHz 1kHz 1MHz Phase (degrees) 9-1 PLT-22 Frequency Range Spread Spectrum Frequency Range
19 Distortion Consequences 1 Linear channel 1 1 Amplitude (db) Narrow -7 Narrow -8 Band Band -9 Receiver Receiver Phase Amplitude Frequency (khz) Phase (degrees) Spread Spread Spectrum Spectrum Receiver Receiver Linear channel Distorted channel distorted channel Decoder Waveforms Correlation Waveforms ❿Spread spectrum requires much more correction 19
20 Tone Immunity TX Pkt 55dB Atten.. RX Noise Ampl Freq ❿ Level of interfering tone which can be tolerated while receiving a 55dB attenuated packets +1 Interfering Tone Level (dbv) PLT-22 PLT-22 has 2 to 55 db better tone immunity PLT-21 Spread Spectrum -6 1k Frequency (Hz) 1M 2
21 Impulse Noise Cancellation TX Pkt Atten Atten Pkt RX Impulse Noise ❿ Digital Signal Processing can overcome impulse noise limitations of narrow band systems Errors Dimmer & 66dB Atten Pkt Conventional PLL based Narrow Band Receiver...11XX1... 5µs/div 1V/div 5µs/div DSP Receiver with: ❿ Dual Carrier Operation ❿ Impulse Noise Canceler ❿ Distortion Correction No Errors µs/div 21
22 Which Technology is Best to Use? Spread Spectrum Dual Frequency Narrow Band Motor and Dimmer noise sources Switching power supplies and Intercoms TVs and other distortion sources Regulatory considerations ❿ Echelon is uniquely qualified to answer this question Echelon is the only company to have fielded both 22
23 Dimmers and Motors RX TX Pkt Var Atten.. Noise 5 Attenuation Tolerance 5 % Packet error rate DSP-based PLT-22 Spread spectrum % Packet error rate Spread spectrum DSP-based PLT Attenuation (db) Attenuation (db) ❿ Either technology works well in the presence of light dimmers and motor noise ❿ Other impairments must be considered when comparing these two technologies 23
24 Switch Mode Power Supply RX TX Pkt Var Atten.. Noise % Packet error rate Spread spectrum DSP-based PLT Attenuation (db) ❿ Spread Spectrum has problems with tonal noise ❿ The dual carrier PLT-22 performs far better ❿ Even though a harmonic of this SMPS is directly in the PLT-22 s primary carrier frequency range 24
25 Switch Mode Power Supplies Attenuation Tolerance (The higher the number the better) TX Pkt Var Atten.. RX SMPS ❿ Compact Fluorescent Lights - 2 randomly selected units Spread spectrum PLT-22 34dB 64dB 43dB 69dB ❿ Electronic Halogen Lights - 2 representative samples Spread spectrum PLT-22 1dB 52dB 17dB 57dB ❿ Electric Toothbrush - A leading brand unit Spread spectrum PLT-22 2dB 56dB ❿ Spread Spectrum has problems with tonal noise ❿ The dual carrier PLT-22 performs far better 25
26 Power line Intercoms and Baby Monitors RX TX Pkt Var Atten.. Intercom ❿ Tolerable attenuation between transceivers Intercom DSP Based PLT-22 Spread Spectrum Enhanced Spread Spectrum Realistic B 52dB 8dB 7dB Command WI-3S 58dB 6dB 5dB Radio Shack 43-27C 55dB 6dB 6dB ComTalk GEE dB 9dB 1dB 26
27 Performance with TV Sets ❿ 28 randomly selected TV s were tested: W (14 different brands with screen sizes from 13 to 35 ) TX Pkt 15m (5ft) Distorted Pkt RX ❿ Spread spectrum transceivers were unreliable with 1/4 of the TVs I (>25% physical layer packet error rate with 1 of every 4 TVs) ❿ The DSP based PLT-21/22 worked reliably with all 28 of the TVs I H(<1% physical layer packet error rate with each TV) 27
28 Regulatory Considerations ❿ North American Regulations: PLT-21 Transmit Signal General Use General Use Prohibited Prohibited 1kHz 2kHz 3kHz 4kHz 5kHz 6kHz 7kHz Frequency Band Designations: Band Designations A "A" B "B" "C" C D "D" Electricity Suppliers Electricity Suppliers Electricity and Their Suppliers Licensees and Their Licensees Consumer Use No Protocol Consumer Use Consumer Use with Protocol With Protocol Consumer Use No Protocol Prohibited ❿ CENELEC Regulations (Europe) : PLT-21 Transmit Signal 2kHz 4kHz 6kHz 8kHz 1kHz 12kHz 14kHz 16kHz 28
29 Performance Summary ❿ Which technology is best? Spread Spectrum Dual Frequency Narrow Band Motor and Dimmer noise sources Switching power supplies and Intercoms TVs and other distortion sources Regulatory considerations ❿ The Dual Frequency PLT-22 has superior performance 29
30 The PLT-22 Transceiver ❿ World-wide operation ❿ Meets CENELEC, FCC, Industry Canada and Japan MPT regulations ❿ EIA 79.2 compliant ❿ Advanced Technology ❿ Dual carrier frequency operation ❿ Digital signal processing ❿ Backward-compatible with the PLT-21 ❿ Communicates with the PLT-2 and PLT-21 ❿ Pin-compatible PLT-21 replacement 115kHz C-Band 132kHz ❿ European utility support ❿ Dual frequency DSP performance in the A-Band ❿ New A-band channel Does not communicate with PLT-3 A-Band 75kHz 86kHz 3
31 Dual Carrier Frequency Mode Single carrier PLT-2 and PLT kHz Dual carrier PLT kHz 132kHz ❿ Alternate frequency used when 132kHz is blocked ❿More error correction than 132kHz ❿ Improved 132kHz performance ❿ Better distortion correction ❿ Better discrimination between packets and noise Use with 1999 STDXCVR.TYP file to activate dual carrier mode 31
32 Backward Compatible Operation ❿ Backward compatible with the PLT-2 and PLT-21 Acknowledged service Unacked repeat service 1st and 2nd try 115kHz 132kHz 1st and 3rd packet 3rd and 4th try 115kHz 132kHz Pilot tone 2nd and 4th repeat ❿ Works even when primary frequency is jammed Noise Transmitting node PLT-22 PLT-2 Receiving node Frequency Noisy Device Receiving node PLT-22 Receiving node PLT-21 Packets 32
33 PLT-22 Pin Compatibility ❿ Pin compatible with the PLT-21 ❿ Same pin functions ❿ Same pin spacing ❿ Smaller outer dimensions than PLT-21 ❿ Supplied as an un-coated SIP Pin 1 marking 39.mm (1.54 ) max 6.mm (.24 ) max 19.3mm (.76 ) max PLT-21 dashed line PLT-22 solid line Be sure the PLT-22 does not contact other conductive components 33
34 PLT-22 Power Line Technology Superior Performance Backward Compatible Low Price 34
High Frequency Measurements and their Applications in Distribution Network. Contents. Power Line Communication. Background.
1 Contents 2 High Frequency Measurements and their Applications in Distribution Network Bashir Ahmed Siddiqui Tampere University of Technology, bashir.siddiqui@tut.fi 29 March 2012 Background Power Line
More informationHome & Building Automation. parte 2
Home & Building Automation parte 2 Corso di reti per l automazione industriale Prof. Orazio Mirabella Technologies for Home automation Main distribution 230V TP (Twisted Pair) Socket Lighting Sun blinds
More informationChapter 3. Data Transmission
Chapter 3 Data Transmission Reading Materials Data and Computer Communications, William Stallings Terminology (1) Transmitter Receiver Medium Guided medium (e.g. twisted pair, optical fiber) Unguided medium
More informationPOWER LINE COMMUNICATION. A dissertation submitted. to Istanbul Arel University in partial. fulfillment of the requirements for the.
POWER LINE COMMUNICATION A dissertation submitted to Istanbul Arel University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Bachelor's Degree Submitted by Egemen Recep Çalışkan 2013 Title in all caps
More informationTerminology (1) Chapter 3. Terminology (3) Terminology (2) Transmitter Receiver Medium. Data Transmission. Direct link. Point-to-point.
Terminology (1) Chapter 3 Data Transmission Transmitter Receiver Medium Guided medium e.g. twisted pair, optical fiber Unguided medium e.g. air, water, vacuum Spring 2012 03-1 Spring 2012 03-2 Terminology
More informationData Communication. Chapter 3 Data Transmission
Data Communication Chapter 3 Data Transmission ١ Terminology (1) Transmitter Receiver Medium Guided medium e.g. twisted pair, coaxial cable, optical fiber Unguided medium e.g. air, water, vacuum ٢ Terminology
More information4/29/2012. General Class Element 3 Course Presentation. Signals and Emissions. SignalSignals and Emissionsissions. Subelement G8
General Class Element 3 Course Presentation ti ELEMENT 3 SUB ELEMENTS General Licensing Class Subelement G8 Signals and Emissions 2 Exam Questions, 2 Groups G1 Commission s Rules G2 Operating Procedures
More informationOutline / Wireless Networks and Applications Lecture 3: Physical Layer Signals, Modulation, Multiplexing. Cartoon View 1 A Wave of Energy
Outline 18-452/18-750 Wireless Networks and Applications Lecture 3: Physical Layer Signals, Modulation, Multiplexing Peter Steenkiste Carnegie Mellon University Spring Semester 2017 http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~prs/wirelesss17/
More informationAnalog Arts SL987 SL957 SL937 SL917 Product Specifications [1]
www.analogarts.com Analog Arts SL987 SL957 SL937 SL917 Product Specifications [1] 1. These models include: an oscilloscope, a spectrum analyzer, a data recorder, a frequency & phase meter, an arbitrary
More informationHART Modem DS8500. Features
Rev 1; 2/09 EVALUATION KIT AVAILABLE General Description The is a single-chip modem with Highway Addressable Remote Transducer (HART) capabilities and satisfies the HART physical layer requirements. The
More informationBasic Concepts in Data Transmission
Basic Concepts in Data Transmission EE450: Introduction to Computer Networks Professor A. Zahid A.Zahid-EE450 1 Data and Signals Data is an entity that convey information Analog Continuous values within
More informationRF Basics 15/11/2013
27 RF Basics 15/11/2013 Basic Terminology 1/2 dbm is a measure of RF Power referred to 1 mw (0 dbm) 10mW(10dBm), 500 mw (27dBm) PER Packet Error Rate [%] percentage of the packets not successfully received
More informationLONWORKS. PLT-22 Power Line Transceiver. User s ECHELON C o r p o r a t i o n. (110kHz 140kHz Operation) Version 1.
LONWORKS PLT-22 Power Line Transceiver User s Guide (110kHz 140kHz Operation) Version 1.2 @ ECHELON C o r p o r a t i o n 078-0175-01C Echelon, LON, LONWORKS, LonBuilder, NodeBuilder, LonManager, LonTalk,
More informationTerminology (1) Chapter 3. Terminology (3) Terminology (2) Transmitter Receiver Medium. Data Transmission. Simplex. Direct link.
Chapter 3 Data Transmission Terminology (1) Transmitter Receiver Medium Guided medium e.g. twisted pair, optical fiber Unguided medium e.g. air, water, vacuum Corneliu Zaharia 2 Corneliu Zaharia Terminology
More informationAnnouncements : Wireless Networks Lecture 3: Physical Layer. Bird s Eye View. Outline. Page 1
Announcements 18-759: Wireless Networks Lecture 3: Physical Layer Please start to form project teams» Updated project handout is available on the web site Also start to form teams for surveys» Send mail
More informationEC 554 Data Communications
EC 554 Data Communications Mohamed Khedr http://webmail. webmail.aast.edu/~khedraast.edu/~khedr Syllabus Tentatively Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10 Week 11 Week
More informationAnalog Arts SF990 SF880 SF830 Product Specifications
1 www.analogarts.com Analog Arts SF990 SF880 SF830 Product Specifications Analog Arts reserves the right to change, modify, add or delete portions of any one of its specifications at any time, without
More informationDIGITAL COMMUNICATION
DIGITAL COMMUNICATION TRAINING LAB Digital communication has emerged to augment or replace the conventional analog systems, which had been used widely a few decades back. Digital communication has demonstrated
More informationDATA INTEGRATION MULTICARRIER REFLECTOMETRY SENSORS
Report for ECE 4910 Senior Project Design DATA INTEGRATION IN MULTICARRIER REFLECTOMETRY SENSORS Prepared by Afshin Edrissi Date: Apr 7, 2006 1-1 ABSTRACT Afshin Edrissi (Cynthia Furse), Department of
More informationPhysical Layer: Outline
18-345: Introduction to Telecommunication Networks Lectures 3: Physical Layer Peter Steenkiste Spring 2015 www.cs.cmu.edu/~prs/nets-ece Physical Layer: Outline Digital networking Modulation Characterization
More informationLecture Fundamentals of Data and signals
IT-5301-3 Data Communications and Computer Networks Lecture 05-07 Fundamentals of Data and signals Lecture 05 - Roadmap Analog and Digital Data Analog Signals, Digital Signals Periodic and Aperiodic Signals
More informationAnalog Arts SG985 SG884 SG834 SG814 Product Specifications [1]
www.analogarts.com Analog Arts SG985 SG884 SG834 SG814 Product Specifications [1] 1. These models include: an oscilloscope, a spectrum analyzer, a data recorder, a frequency & phase meter, and an arbitrary
More informationData Communications & Computer Networks
Data Communications & Computer Networks Chapter 3 Data Transmission Fall 2008 Agenda Terminology and basic concepts Analog and Digital Data Transmission Transmission impairments Channel capacity Home Exercises
More informationThe quality of the transmission signal The characteristics of the transmission medium. Some type of transmission medium is required for transmission:
Data Transmission The successful transmission of data depends upon two factors: The quality of the transmission signal The characteristics of the transmission medium Some type of transmission medium is
More informationKeywords: ISM, RF, transmitter, short-range, RFIC, switching power amplifier, ETSI
Maxim > Design Support > Technical Documents > Application Notes > Wireless and RF > APP 4929 Keywords: ISM, RF, transmitter, short-range, RFIC, switching power amplifier, ETSI APPLICATION NOTE 4929 Adapting
More information3V DUAL MODE TRANSCEIVER 434 MHz BAND Product Code:
3V DUAL MODE TRANSCEIVER 434 MHz BAND Product Code: 32001269 Rev. 1.6 PRODUCT SUMMARY: Dual-mode transceiver operating in the 434 MHz ISM band with extremely compact dimensions. The module operates as
More informationLen Schaller Prepayment (Smart Payment) Technology Manager, South Africa
Len Schaller Prepayment (Smart Payment) Technology Manager, South Africa PLC Technology in Metering: Challenges of and Solutions to Communicating into the customer home Agenda 1. What is split metering?
More informationAntenna Measurements using Modulated Signals
Antenna Measurements using Modulated Signals Roger Dygert MI Technologies, 1125 Satellite Boulevard, Suite 100 Suwanee, GA 30024-4629 Abstract Antenna test engineers are faced with testing increasingly
More informationPart A RADIO SPECIFICATION
Part A RADIO SPECIFICATION BLUETOOTH SPECIFICATION Version 1.0 B page 17 of 1082 CONTENTS 1 Scope...18 2 Frequency Bands and Channel Arrangement...19 3 Transmitter Characteristics...20 3.1 Modulation
More informationTechnician License Course Chapter 2. Lesson Plan Module 3 Modulation and Bandwidth
Technician License Course Chapter 2 Lesson Plan Module 3 Modulation and Bandwidth The Basic Radio Station What Happens During Radio Communication? Transmitting (sending a signal): Information (voice, data,
More informationHF Receivers, Part 3
HF Receivers, Part 3 Introduction to frequency synthesis; ancillary receiver functions Adam Farson VA7OJ View an excellent tutorial on receivers Another link to receiver principles NSARC HF Operators HF
More informationChapter 13 Specifications
RIGOL All the specifications can be guaranteed if the following two conditions are met unless where noted. The generator is within the calibration period and has performed self-calibration. The generator
More informationAnalog Arts SF900 SF650 SF610 Product Specifications
www.analogarts.com Analog Arts SF900 SF650 SF610 Product Specifications Analog Arts reserves the right to change, modify, add or delete portions of any one of its specifications at any time, without prior
More informationSC5307A/SC5308A 100 khz to 6 GHz RF Downconverter. Datasheet SignalCore, Inc.
SC5307A/SC5308A 100 khz to 6 GHz RF Downconverter Datasheet 2017 SignalCore, Inc. support@signalcore.com P RODUCT S PECIFICATIONS Definition of Terms The following terms are used throughout this datasheet
More informationCDMA Principle and Measurement
CDMA Principle and Measurement Concepts of CDMA CDMA Key Technologies CDMA Air Interface CDMA Measurement Basic Agilent Restricted Page 1 Cellular Access Methods Power Time Power Time FDMA Frequency Power
More informationUsing Frequency Diversity to Improve Measurement Speed Roger Dygert MI Technologies, 1125 Satellite Blvd., Suite 100 Suwanee, GA 30024
Using Frequency Diversity to Improve Measurement Speed Roger Dygert MI Technologies, 1125 Satellite Blvd., Suite 1 Suwanee, GA 324 ABSTRACT Conventional antenna measurement systems use a multiplexer or
More informationSignal Characteristics
Data Transmission The successful transmission of data depends upon two factors:» The quality of the transmission signal» The characteristics of the transmission medium Some type of transmission medium
More informationDATA COMMUNICATION THROUGH SPREAD SPECTRUM TECHNOLOGY ON POWER LINES
1.0 2.3 3.5 4.8 6.1 7.4 8.6 9.9 11.2 12.5 13.7 15.0 16.3 17.6 18.8 20.1 21.4 22.7 23.9 25.2 26.5 27.8 29.0 Noise Level (dbv) Latest Trends in Information Technology DATA COMMUNICATION THROUGH SPREAD SPECTRUM
More informationModulation is the process of impressing a low-frequency information signal (baseband signal) onto a higher frequency carrier signal
Modulation is the process of impressing a low-frequency information signal (baseband signal) onto a higher frequency carrier signal Modulation is a process of mixing a signal with a sinusoid to produce
More informationData and Computer Communications Chapter 3 Data Transmission
Data and Computer Communications Chapter 3 Data Transmission Eighth Edition by William Stallings Transmission Terminology data transmission occurs between a transmitter & receiver via some medium guided
More informationLesson 2 HF Procedures and Practices Overview
Lesson 2 HF Procedures and Practices Overview On Display QSL Cards On Display Icom IC-7000 On Display Buxcomm Rascal Sound card interface: PSK31 SSTV RTTY Packet Digital Voice MFSK16 -more- Operating Techniques
More informationNXDN Signal and Interference Contour Requirements An Empirical Study
NXDN Signal and Interference Contour Requirements An Empirical Study Icom America Engineering December 2007 Contents Introduction Results Analysis Appendix A. Test Equipment Appendix B. Test Methodology
More informationTHE HIGH SPEED POWER LINE COMMUNICATION SOLUTION. Features
THE HIGH SPEED POWER LINE COMMUNICATION SOLUTION Overview SM2200 is a next generation OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) power line communication transceiver designed for networking
More informationAnnouncement : Wireless Networks Lecture 3: Physical Layer. A Reminder about Prerequisites. Outline. Page 1
Announcement 18-759: Wireless Networks Lecture 3: Physical Layer Peter Steenkiste Departments of Computer Science and Electrical and Computer Engineering Spring Semester 2010 http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~prs/wirelesss10/
More informationPoint-to-Point Communications
Point-to-Point Communications Key Aspects of Communication Voice Mail Tones Alphabet Signals Air Paper Media Language English/Hindi English/Hindi Outline of Point-to-Point Communication 1. Signals basic
More informationSEQUENTIAL NULL WAVE Robert E. Green Patent Pending
SEQUENTIAL NULL WAVE BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0010] Field of the invention [0020] The area of this invention is in communication and wave transfer of energy [0030] Description of the Prior Art [0040]
More informationNorfolk Amateur Radio Club
Norfolk Amateur Radio Club The Transmitter & Transmitter Interference Nick M0HGU & Steve G3PND Plan for the Day The Transmitter Introduction, Block diagrams Oscillators, Buffers & Multipliers Modulation
More informationWireless Communications
2. Physical Layer DIN/CTC/UEM 2018 Periodic Signal Periodic signal: repeats itself in time, that is g(t) = g(t + T ) in which T (given in seconds [s]) is the period of the signal g(t) The number of cycles
More informationSTORING MESSAGES Note: If [MEMORY] (F5) is unavailable in the function key guide, press [MORE] (F2). An alternate key guide will appear.
ASSISTING YOUR SMOOTH QSO 5 If letters not transmitted yet remain in the text string buffer when [F12] is pressed at step 6, "WAIT" appears on the status bar. When the entire text string is transmitted,
More informationData Transmission. ITS323: Introduction to Data Communications. Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology Thammasat University ITS323
ITS323: Introduction to Data Communications Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology Thammasat University Prepared by Steven Gordon on 23 May 2012 ITS323Y12S1L03, Steve/Courses/2012/s1/its323/lectures/transmission.tex,
More informationIEEE SUPPLEMENT TO IEEE STANDARD FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
18.4.6.11 Slot time The slot time for the High Rate PHY shall be the sum of the RX-to-TX turnaround time (5 µs) and the energy detect time (15 µs specified in 18.4.8.4). The propagation delay shall be
More informationDigital Modulation Schemes
Digital Modulation Schemes 1. In binary data transmission DPSK is preferred to PSK because (a) a coherent carrier is not required to be generated at the receiver (b) for a given energy per bit, the probability
More informationDual core architecture with custom N-PLC optimized DSP and Data Link Layer / Application 32bit controller
SM2480 Integrated N-PLC SCADA Controller for Solar Micro-inverters and Smart Ballasts Communication technology by: Semitech Semiconductor Product Overview The SM2480 is a highly integrated Supervisory
More informationQUICK START GUIDE FOR DEMONSTRATION CIRCUIT 678A 40MHZ TO 900MHZ DIRECT CONVERSION QUADRATURE DEMODULATOR
DESCRIPTION QUICK START GUIDE FOR DEMONSTRATION CIRCUIT 678A LT5517 Demonstration circuit 678A is a 40MHz to 900MHz Direct Conversion Quadrature Demodulator featuring the LT5517. The LT 5517 is a direct
More informationReturn Plant Issues SCTE Cascade Range Chapter. Micah Martin January 13, 2008
Return Plant Issues SCTE Cascade Range Chapter Micah Martin January 13, 2008 1 1 Agenda Experience with DOCSIS upgrade Digital review & digital modulation Carrier to Noise issues Coaxial Plant Optical
More informationMRI & NMR spectrometer
AMOS MRI & NMR spectrometer The AMOS Spectrometer is a highly modular and flexible unit that provides the ability to customize synchronized configurations for preclinical and clinical MR applications.
More information8.5 Modulation of Signals
8.5 Modulation of Signals basic idea and goals measuring atomic absorption without modulation measuring atomic absorption with modulation the tuned amplifier, diode rectifier and low pass the lock-in amplifier
More informationDG5000 Series Specifications
DG5000 Series Specifications All the specifications can be guaranteed if the following two conditions are met unless where noted. The generator is within the calibration period and has performed self-calibration.
More informationKeysight Technologies
Keysight Technologies Generating Signals Basic CW signal Block diagram Applications Analog Modulation Types of analog modulation Block diagram Applications Digital Modulation Overview of IQ modulation
More informationChapter 3 Data and Signals 3.1
Chapter 3 Data and Signals 3.1 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Note To be transmitted, data must be transformed to electromagnetic signals. 3.2
More informationCollege of information Technology Department of Information Networks Telecommunication & Networking I Chapter DATA AND SIGNALS 1 من 42
3.1 DATA AND SIGNALS 1 من 42 Communication at application, transport, network, or data- link is logical; communication at the physical layer is physical. we have shown only ; host- to- router, router-to-
More informationCSE 123: Computer Networks Alex C. Snoeren. Project 1 out Today, due 10/26!
CSE 123: Computer Networks Alex C. Snoeren Project 1 out Today, due 10/26! Signaling Types of physical media Shannon s Law and Nyquist Limit Encoding schemes Clock recovery Manchester, NRZ, NRZI, etc.
More informationREPORT ITU-R M Adaptability of real zero single sideband technology to HF data communications
Rep. ITU-R M.2026 1 REPORT ITU-R M.2026 Adaptability of real zero single sideband technology to HF data communications (2001) 1 Introduction Automated HF communications brought a number of innovative solutions
More informationChapter 3 Data and Signals
Chapter 3 Data and Signals 3.2 To be transmitted, data must be transformed to electromagnetic signals. 3-1 ANALOG AND DIGITAL Data can be analog or digital. The term analog data refers to information that
More informationAccurate Harmonics Measurement by Sampler Part 2
Accurate Harmonics Measurement by Sampler Part 2 Akinori Maeda Verigy Japan akinori.maeda@verigy.com September 2011 Abstract of Part 1 The Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) is one of the major frequency
More informationData Communications and Networks
Data Communications and Networks Abdul-Rahman Mahmood http://alphapeeler.sourceforge.net http://pk.linkedin.com/in/armahmood abdulmahmood-sss twitter.com/alphapeeler alphapeeler.sourceforge.net/pubkeys/pkey.htm
More informationCSE 561 Bits and Links. David Wetherall
CSE 561 Bits and Links David Wetherall djw@cs.washington.edu Topic How do we send a message across a wire? The physical/link layers: 1. Different kinds of media 2. Encoding bits 3. Model of a link Application
More informationRadio Receivers. Al Penney VO1NO
Radio Receivers Al Penney VO1NO Role of the Receiver The Antenna must capture the radio wave. The desired frequency must be selected from all the EM waves captured by the antenna. The selected signal is
More informationQAM-Based 1000BASE-T Transceiver
QAM-Based 1000BASE-T Transceiver Oscar Agazzi, Mehdi Hatamian, Henry Samueli Broadcom Corp. 16251 Laguna Canyon Rd. Irvine, CA 92618 714-450-8700 802.3, Irvine, CA, March 1997 Overview The FEXT problem
More informationDemo Circuit DC550A Quick Start Guide.
May 12, 2004 Demo Circuit DC550A. Introduction Demo circuit DC550A demonstrates operation of the LT5514 IC, a DC-850MHz bandwidth open loop transconductance amplifier with high impedance open collector
More informationRF Basics June 2010 WLS 04
www.silabs.com RF Basics June 2010 WLS 04 Agenda Basic link parameters Modulation Types Datarate Deviation RX Baseband BW Crystal selection Frequency error compensation Important t radio parameters Regulatory
More information2026Q CDMA/GSM Interferer MultiSource Generator
Signal Sources 2026Q CDMA/GSM Interferer MultiSource Generator The 2026Q is designed to work with a radio test set to provide a fully integrated radio receiver test solution for cellular and PCS systems
More informationIntroduction to Telecommunications and Computer Engineering Unit 3: Communications Systems & Signals
Introduction to Telecommunications and Computer Engineering Unit 3: Communications Systems & Signals Syedur Rahman Lecturer, CSE Department North South University syedur.rahman@wolfson.oxon.org Acknowledgements
More informationLecture 2 Physical Layer - Data Transmission
DATA AND COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS Lecture 2 Physical Layer - Data Transmission Mei Yang Based on Lecture slides by William Stallings 1 DATA TRANSMISSION The successful transmission of data depends on two
More informationHalf Duplex GMSK Modem
CML Semiconductor Products Half Duplex GMSK Modem D/579/4 Sept 1995 1.0 Features Provisional Issue Half Duplex GMSK Modem for FM Radio Data Links Acquire Pin to assist with the acquisition of Rx Data signals
More informationAnalysis of RF transceivers used in automotive
Scientific Bulletin of Politehnica University Timisoara TRANSACTIONS on ELECTRONICS and COMMUNICATIONS Volume 60(74), Issue, 0 Analysis of RF transceivers used in automotive Camelia Loredana Ţeicu Abstract
More informationLecture 3 Concepts for the Data Communications and Computer Interconnection
Lecture 3 Concepts for the Data Communications and Computer Interconnection Aim: overview of existing methods and techniques Terms used: -Data entities conveying meaning (of information) -Signals data
More informationPart II Data Communications
Part II Data Communications Chapter 3 Data Transmission Concept & Terminology Signal : Time Domain & Frequency Domain Concepts Signal & Data Analog and Digital Data Transmission Transmission Impairments
More informationDEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER GCE@Bodi_ SCIENCE GCE@Bodi_ AND ENIGNEERING GCE@Bodi_ GCE@Bodi_ GCE@Bodi_ Analog and Digital Communication GCE@Bodi_ DEPARTMENT OF CsE Subject Name: Analog and Digital Communication
More informationSC5407A/SC5408A 100 khz to 6 GHz RF Upconverter. Datasheet. Rev SignalCore, Inc.
SC5407A/SC5408A 100 khz to 6 GHz RF Upconverter Datasheet Rev 1.2 2017 SignalCore, Inc. support@signalcore.com P R O D U C T S P E C I F I C A T I O N S Definition of Terms The following terms are used
More informationANALOG COMMUNICATION
ANALOG COMMUNICATION TRAINING LAB Analog Communication Training Lab consists of six kits, one each for Modulation (ACL-01), Demodulation (ACL-02), Modulation (ACL-03), Demodulation (ACL-04), Noise power
More informationCourse 2: Channels 1 1
Course 2: Channels 1 1 "You see, wire telegraph is a kind of a very, very long cat. You pull his tail in New York and his head is meowing in Los Angeles. Do you understand this? And radio operates exactly
More informationModel 855 RF / Microwave Signal Generator
Features Very low phase noise Fast switching Phase coherent switching option 2 to 8 phase coherent outputs USB, LAN, GPIB interfaces Applications Radar simulation Quantum computing High volume automated
More information3250 Series Spectrum Analyzer
The most important thing we build is trust ADVANCED ELECTRONIC SOLUTIONS AVIATION SERVICES COMMUNICATIONS AND CONNECTIVITY MISSION SYSTEMS 3250 Series Spectrum Analyzer > Agenda Introduction
More informationInnovative frequency hopping radio transmission probe provides robust and flexible inspection on large machine tools
White paper Innovative frequency hopping radio transmission probe provides robust and flexible inspection on large machine tools Abstract Inspection probes have become a vital contributor to manufacturing
More informationSigfox RF & Protocol Test Plan for RC1-UDL-ENC-MONARCH
Version 3.8.0 September 14, 2018 Sigfox RF & Protocol Test Plan for RC1-UDL-ENC-MONARCH Public Use Note: Only the last version of this document available on the Sigfox web sites is official and applicable.
More informationUtilizzo del Time Domain per misure EMI
Utilizzo del Time Domain per misure EMI Roberto Sacchi Measurement Expert Manager - Europe 7 Giugno 2017 Compliance EMI receiver requirements (CISPR 16-1-1 ) range 9 khz - 18 GHz: A normal +/- 2 db absolute
More informationData and Computer Communications. Chapter 3 Data Transmission
Data and Computer Communications Chapter 3 Data Transmission Data Transmission quality of the signal being transmitted The successful transmission of data depends on two factors: characteristics of the
More informationCOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 1. A cordless telephone using separate frequencies for transmission in base and portable units is known as A. duplex arrangement B. half duplex arrangement C. either (a) or (b) D.
More informationCSE 461 Bits and Links. David Wetherall
CSE 461 Bits and Links David Wetherall djw@cs.washington.edu Topic How do we send a message across a wire or wireless link? The physical/link layers: 1. Different kinds of media 2. Fundamental limits 3.
More informationLecture 2: Links and Signaling"
Lecture 2: Links and Signaling" CSE 123: Computer Networks Alex C. Snoeren HW 1 out tomorrow, due next 10/9! Lecture 2 Overview" Signaling Types of physical media Shannon s Law and Nyquist Limit Encoding
More informationGeneral Class License Theory II. Dick Grote K6PBF
General Class License Theory II Dick Grote K6PBF k6pbfdick@gmail.com 1 Introduction In the first theory class we talked about basic electrical principles and components. Now we will build on this to learn
More informationE-716-A Mobile Communications Systems. Lecture #2 Basic Concepts of Wireless Transmission (p1) Instructor: Dr. Ahmad El-Banna
October 2014 Ahmad El-Banna Integrated Technical Education Cluster At AlAmeeria E-716-A Mobile Communications Systems Lecture #2 Basic Concepts of Wireless Transmission (p1) Instructor: Dr. Ahmad El-Banna
More information5 TIPS FOR GETTING THE MOST OUT OF Your Function Generator
5 TIPS FOR GETTING THE MOST OUT OF Your Function Generator Introduction Modern function/waveform generators are extremely versatile, going well beyond the basic sine, square, and ramp waveforms. Function
More informationRECOMMENDATION ITU-R BS
Rec. ITU-R BS.1194-1 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R BS.1194-1 SYSTEM FOR MULTIPLEXING FREQUENCY MODULATION (FM) SOUND BROADCASTS WITH A SUB-CARRIER DATA CHANNEL HAVING A RELATIVELY LARGE TRANSMISSION CAPACITY
More informationEnhancing FPGA-based Systems with Programmable Oscillators
Enhancing FPGA-based Systems with Programmable Oscillators Jehangir Parvereshi, jparvereshi@sitime.com Sassan Tabatabaei, stabatabaei@sitime.com SiTime Corporation www.sitime.com 990 Almanor Ave., Sunnyvale,
More informationSigfox RF & Protocol Test Plan for RC2-UDL-ENC
Version 380 September 14, 2018 Sigfox RF & Protocol Test Plan for RC2-UDL-ENC Public Use Note: Only the last version of this document available on the Sigfox web sites is official and applicable This document
More informationFunction/Arbitrary Waveform Generator
DG1000ZSeries Function/Arbitrary Waveform Generator Innovative SiFi (Signal Fidelity): generate arb waveform point-by-point, restore signal distortionless, precisely adjustable sample rate and low jitter
More informationChapter 3 Data Transmission
Chapter 3 Data Transmission COSC 3213 Instructor: U.T. Nguyen 1 9/27/2007 3:21 PM Terminology (1) Transmitter Receiver Medium Guided medium e.g. twisted pair, optical fiber Unguided medium e.g. air, water,
More informationAN Cypress Powerline Communication Debugging Tools. Application Note Abstract. Introduction. System Diagram
Cypress Powerline Communication Debugging Tools AN58825 Author: Subhodeep Ghosh Associated Project: No Associated Part Family: 8C10, 8C20 8CLED16P01 Software Version: None Associated Application Notes:
More information