NovAtel s GNSS Vulnerability Mitigation (including Anti jam antennas)

Transcription

1 NovAtel s GNSS Vulnerability Mitigation (including Anti jam antennas) Rod MacLeod Regional Manager South Asia/Australia rod.macleod@novatel.com

2 Contents NovAtel Corporate Overview GNSS Vulnerabilities NovAtel Mitigation Solutions Ionospheric Scintillation Monitoring Electronic Protection (EP) 1. NovAtel multi GNSS Receivers 2. NovAtel SPAN 3. NovAtel GAJT Electronic Support (ES) NovAtel Firehose Electronic Attack (EA) NovAtel NEAT Military only Summary

3 Corporate Overview

4 NovAtel World s #1 GNSS OEM supplier Based in Canada with offices around the world High accuracy, high precision Brand synonymous with quality, innovation and customer support Unsurpassed breadth of product line in vertical markets like: Anti Jam Heading Positioning Smooth Positioning Relative Positioning Velocity Aerospace Marine Agriculture Mobile Mapping Construction, Mining GNSS Signal & Industrial Monitoring Survey Defence Timing Unmanned Systems Timing Attitude Integrity & Augmentation

5 Market Focus High Construction and Mining Unmanned Vehicles Aerospace & Defence Reliability Cellular Phone Mapping Precision Ag Survey Car Navigation Vehicle Tracking Low Accuracy High

6 Product Line Mapping Defense/ Military Survey/ Mapping Precision Agriculture Machine Control Marine Timing Aerospace/ Science Receiver Cards SPAN / IMU Antenna Enclosure Ground Reference Receivers

7 GNSS is Vulnerable Precision GNSS market Predicted to double by 2016 Agriculture, machining, construction, GIS/Survey and military Major threats Ionosphere (worst case magnetic equatorial regions) Interference (anywhere) These threats affect both civil and military systems Precision GNSS has witnessed exponential growth since last Solar maximum LBS research study

8 GNSS Vulnerability Electronic and Non Electronic Non Electronic Obstructions : Mostly Random and temporary Atmospherics (effectively Ionospheric effects) Electronic Attack Signal Jamming: intentional and non intentional Signal Spoofing : intentional (sophisticated)

9 Ionospheric Effects on GNSS Dispersive medium Refraction: change in propagation delay (ray bending) Scintillation: rapid fluctuations in amplitude and phase Refraction Code delay and phase advance Total Electron Content (TEC) unit Scintillation Amplitude (S 4 ) and phase ( ) Deep signal fades (Loss of lock) Stress PLL loops Frequent cycle slips Degraded navigation data Carrier phase positioning L1 C/A tracking amplitude scintillation L2 P(Y) amplitude & phase scintillation

10 Mitigation of Ionospheric Effects on GNSS Refraction Measuring L1 and L2 allows real time determination and removal for the PVT solution Scintillation Cannot be detected by using standard receivers Need Specific Monitor receiver Most useful if in real time

11 GPStation 6 Real time Scintillation Monitor Ultra stable low noise OCXO Ensures accurate phase scintillation measurement Facilitates narrow loop bandwidths Augments local base station and base station networks Proprietary multipath mitigation Pulse aperture correlation (PAC) (limits to 5 m or less) Code minus carrier output Specialized software Dedicated receiver commands and kindling Configurable loop bandwidths Detrending algorithms Comprehensive real time measurements Tracks all GNSS Constellations Raw amplitude and phase (50 Hz) S 4,, code and carrier TEC

12 Equatorial Scintillation Study (2012) To investigate reported extended periods of degraded RTK performance in the precise positioning required for mine machine operations. Scintillation suspected as it was Correct geographic location Calama, Chile (~ 22 0 Latitude) Correct solar cycle period Approaching Solar Max (2013) Correct part of the year and time Early summer Post sunset period

13 GPS Block IIF PRN 25 GPS PRN 01, 25 broadcast GPS L5 besides L1 and L2C signal Measured C/N 0 (db-hz) :00 22:00 23:00 00:00 01:00 Local Time (Hrs) GPS PRN 25 L1 C/A L2-CL L5-Q All 3 frequencies show same scintillation trends, but S 4 and not always correlated. Amplitude Scintillation Index (S 4 ) Phase Scintillation Index ( ) (60-seconds) (rad) L1 C/A L2-CL L5-Q GPS PRN :00 22:00 23:00 00:00 01:00 Local GPS Time PRN (Hrs) L1 C/A 0.6 L2-CL L5-Q :00 22:00 23:00 00:00 01:00 Local Time (Hrs)

14 Electronic NovAtel Covers the NAVWAR Bases "NAVWAR ensures that friendly forces have unfettered access to position, navigation and time (PNT), while denying adversarial use of the same." (US JP 3 14, Space Operations; 2009) Electronic Protection (EP) OEM6 Multi GNSS and SAASM SPAN: Integrated Navigation GAJT: GPS Anti Jam Technology Electronic Support (ES) Firehose Sea Land Air & small platforms Electronic Attack (EA) NEAT: NAVWAR Electronic Attack Trainer

15 Electronic Protection 1. GNSS Receivers

16 Multi Constellation, High Precision GNSS Receivers Use all current and upcoming GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and BeiDou satellite signals. Field upgradeable to maximize satellite availability and optimize GNSS signal usage. OEM 638 Triple frequency GNSS Triple frequency + L Band 240 Channels OEM 628 Triple frequency GNSS Triple frequency + L Band Configurable interface OEM 615 Compact dual frequency GNSS NovAtel s smallest dual frequency GNSS receiver Low power consumption OEM 625S SAASM RTK GPS L1, L2 (+ GLONASS) SAASM: L 3 IEC XFACTOR SPAN (INS GNSS) option RTK (SAASM & Civil) <2 cm OEM625S Schematic RF Civil IF MINOS ASIC Military IF NovAtel μ processor SAASM 24 pin connector 16 pin connector Open Signal RTK SAASM RTK

17 Electronic Protection 2. SPAN

18 SPAN Real time GNSS/INS Synchronous Position, Attitude, Navigation Tightly coupled GNSS receivers with inertial measurement units (IMU) RAIM implemented NovAtel engine and IMUs from a range of vendors in various accuracies. ISTAR & intelligence applications, mobile and airborne mapping. Real Time Heading ALIGN precise heading in high dynamic applications Heading and pitch angles for real time navigation Heading, pitch, relative separation and position

19 SPAN: Automated Flight Control System Helicopter SPAN SE D dual antenna GNSS/INS receivers Honeywell HG1700 AG58 IMU Video: Web page: Paper: in action/automated flight control/ Ship Two NovAtel 702GL antennas. Northrop Grumman LN200 IMU

20 Electronic Protection 3. GAJT: GPS Anti Jam Technology

21 Electronic Attack Jamming Threat GPS and other GNSS signals are weak and susceptible: North Korea korean jamming gps shows systems weakness/?page=all Newark Airport 2009 & Continuing problem: five events per day. UK Sentinel "We believe there's between 50 and 450 occurrences in the UK every day", Charles Curry, Chronos Technology What is at risk? Navigation. Loss of signal, plus hazardous and misleading effects. Timing. GPS timing for communications and critical infrastructure. 100 mw personal protection jammer Advanced professional jammers critical infrastructure sectors are increasingly at risk from a growing dependency on GPS for positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) services. Such dependencies are not always apparent NRE public summary.pdf

22 Interference types Continuous Wave (CW) Captures the PLL Easier to detect than noise jammers All energy concentrated in one frequency Broadband Noise Overpowers receiver by increasing the noise floor Harder to detect Simple to produce Pulsed Radars at L2 and DMEs at L5 Swept Personal protection devices See ION GNSS 2011 paper by Psiaki, et al Hopping Hard to detect Unclassified

23 Mitigation - Controlled Reception Antenna Arrays (CRPA) Multiple antenna elements allow spatial processing Adjust gain and phase from each element to change overall effective antenna gain pattern Analog or digital implementations Creates nulls in the direction of jammer N 1 degrees of freedom Unclassified

24 Jammers overpower GPS receivers, blocking the satellite signals Unclassified

25 GAJT creates nulls, or blind spots, in the direction of the jammers Unclassified

26 Ideal CRPA nulling pattern Unclassified

27 Ideal CRPA nulling pattern Unclassified

28 GPS Jamming Threat Theoretical Range Jammer Power (W) 100 kw 10 kw 1 kw 100 W 10 W 1 W 100 mw 10 mw Protected by GAJT Unprotected Receivers GAJT advantage: at least 40 db cancellation e.g.: C/A Code track against 100 mw Jammer Jammer normally effective to many km can now be approached within metres

29 Anti-jam products exist Large, expensive, export restrictions,..for large air/sea platforms, or prototypes 29 - Unclassified

30 GAJT: GPS Anti Jam Technology GAJT 700ML Large vehicles & fixed installations Integrated 7 element CRPA & electronics Single enclosure for direct fit to platforms GAJT 700MS Maritime Integrated 7 element CRPA & electronics Single enclosure and optional marine mount Meets stringent above deck standards GAJT AE UAS, other small platforms Compact ACU for 4 element CRPA Configured in enclosure or as OEM boards GPS L1 or L1/L2, and narrow or broad band 89 mm 290 mm GAJT 700ML GAJT 700MS GAJT AE

31 GAJT GPS Anti-Jam Technology GAJT 700ML Integrated 7 element CRPA & electronics Ruggedly Design Singleenclosure for direct fit to platforms Simple to install For Vehicles, fixed installations Available now Unclassified

32 GAJT-700ML is a complete off-the-shelf solution Shock, vibe and temp designed to MIL STD 810G Jammer mitigation 40 db or higher of jamming protection with single interferers Simultaneous L1 and L2 protection GAJT output is a protected RF signal on a single TNC connector Modular design Mounting customizable to customer vehicle variants 290 mm Unclassified

33 GAJT-700ML functional schematic Signal Reflections Interferer 7 L1 and L2 Analog RF Signals Antenna Array Environment RF/IF Processing Component Protected RF Output Calibration Signal Protected L1 & L2 IF MHz 7 L1 and 7 L2 Analog IF Signals Power Communication Signals Digital Processing Component Communication Input Power Interface & Connectors Unclassified

34 GAJT-700ML Status 7 Element CRPA design Digital Null forming GAJT 700ML performance is independent and additional to your receiver s internal protection Direct replacement of existing GPS antenna No configuration or optimization needed use as is, out of the box, just add power cable Proven with DAGR and civil receivers in field trials and anechoic chamber tests to provide >40dB additional protection Unclassified

35 GAJT AE N: Enclosure GAJT AE: OEM Hardware Supplied in an enclosure or as cards for users own integration. Will work with any standard 4 element controlled reception pattern antenna (CRPA). We recommend CRPAs from Antcom Inc., our subsidiary ( GAJT-AE-N Enclosure GAJT-AE OEM Boards GAJT AE and Antcom Antennas (shown with Rockwell Collins DAGR for scale)

36 GAJT-700ML vs GAJT-AE GAJT-700ML 7 element Qualified for land vehicles 18W 7.2kg LED output signals on data connector TNC RF output GAJT-AE 4 element Pre development <13W <1.2kg External LED on enclosure SMA RF input (4) & output (1) Unclassified

37 GAJT-700ML vs GAJT-AE applications GAJT-700ML Land vehicles Counter IDE Systems (1pps protection) DGPS Base stations Timing systems GAJT-AE UAV s Aircraft and Helicopters Possible OEM integration to existing GNSS systems Unclassified

38 GAJT 700MS For Maritime Use Based on the successful GAJT 700ML Self contained 7 element CRPA Digital null forming >40 db cancellation (typical) For all classes from capital ships to boats, including Mine Hunters (non ferrous) Designed for the highest US and UK above deck environmental and EMC standards Custom mounting option provides: Power management Cable management Mounting to ship's structure Corrosion resistance GAJT 700MS at sea on the CTruk THOR offshore raiding craft

39 Electronic Support Locating and Characterising Jammers

40 Firehose Digital Antenna Concept Interference detection & location. Prototype (TRL 6) L1 & L2 up to 20 MHz BW Sampling at 100 MHz, 12 Bits L1 and L2 I&Q Selectable mix of signals & bandwidth Local PC to buffer data and for local storage Output to via Gigabit LAN CSAC to survive jamming actively steered by OEMV1DF FireHose CSAC PC Can also act as GNSS SW receiver front end.

41 Firehose jammer location results dynamic jammer Mobile jammers located to sub metre accuracy Firehose units

42 Electronic Attack... Jamming

43 NEAT NAVWAR Electronic Attack Trainer Developed for Defense Research and Technology Canada (DRDC) NovAtel commercializing under license Pre production prototype: Independent control of L1 and L2 Narrow band Wide band Continuous wave Chirp Other Provisions for radio for remote control 8 hours operation with 4 AA batteries 100 mw power output Very simple interface Approved Defence customers only

44 Summary NovAtel: an OEM precise navigation specialist. To Civil and the Military we provide: Open signal products special products for Mitigating GNSS Vulnerabilities Anti Jam Positioning Relative Positioning NovAtel can address GNSS Vulnerabilities Ionospheric Monitoring all 3 aspects of electronic issues (ES, EP, EA) Heading Smooth Positioning Velocity NovAtel has become the first company to offer Anti jam antennas to approved civil users L1 4MHz narrow band L1 L2 24MHz wide band Timing Attitude Integrity & Augmentation

45 Success has a secret ingredient...