Radar Open System Architecture For Lincoln Space Surveillance Activities

Transcription

1 Radar Open System Architecture For Lincoln Space Surveillance Activities Susan E. Andrews Peter Yoho Gerald P. Banner Thomas L. Sangiolo April 2010 This work is sponsored by the Air Force under A/F contract #FA C Opinions recommendations and conclusions are those of the author and are not necessarily endorsed by the United States Air Force 1-S.E. Andrews 4/20/10

2 Definitions Open Systems (U.S. Department of Defense/Software Engineering Institute) [1] An open system is a collection of interacting software, hardware and human components, designed to satisfy stated needs, with the interface specification of its components fully defined available to the public, maintained according to group consensus in which the implementation of components are conformant to the specification. 1 Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) (summary from Federal Acquisition Regulations) [2] Customarily used for nongovernmental purpose Has been sold, leased or licensed to the general public Exists a priori (in a catalogue or price list) 2 2-S.E. Andrews 4/20/10

3 Outline Objectives & motivation Radar Open System Architecture (ROSA) ROSA implemented Space surveillance challenges and benefits Summary 3-S.E. Andrews 4/20/10

4 Lincoln Space Surveillance Complex Westford, Massachusetts Lincoln Space Surveillance Complex (LSSC) Haystack Radar Haystack Auxiliary Radar Millstone Hill Radar Millstone High sensitivity Radar Cross Section (RCS) vs Time Small object search Haystack Very high sensitivity Range-Doppler imaging HAX High-resolution imaging Millstone Haystack HAX Beamwidth (deg) Frequency 1295 MHz 10 GHz 16.7 GHz 4-S.E. Andrews 4/20/10 3 Andrews [2007]

5 Kwajalein Missile Range ALTAIR [7] High sensitivity Radar Cross Section (RCS) vs Time Primary space tracking radar TRADEX [8] Alternative space tracking radar ALCOR, MMW [6] Range-Doppler imaging ALTAIR VHF, 158 MHz / UHF, 422 MHz TRADEX L-band, 1320 MHz S-band, 2950 MHz MMW Ka-band, 35 GHz W-band, 95 GHz ALCOR C-band, 5664 MHz Space Surveillance Hub 5-S.E. Andrews 4/20/10 6. Balesteri [2000]

6 Objectives & Motivation Establish an open systems approach as the foundation for radar systems development in order to: lower development time Improve life-cycle costs Increase systems performance Improve : Portability Interoperability Compatibility Reusability Maintainability Affordability - improve acquisition model Scalability- quick insertion of new technology Develop plug-and-play radar components Share components between DOD programs Migrate to commercial world 4. Sangiolo [4/2001] 6-S.E. Andrews 4/20/10

7 Outline Objectives & motivation Radar Open System Architecture (ROSA) Radar Architectures Old & New Benefits Example ROSA implemented Space surveillance challenges and benefits Summary 7-S.E. Andrews 4/20/10

8 es es Radar Architectures Old & New Traditional Radar Systems Model Master computer and centralized hardware Custom development, proprietary HW & SW Origin 2000 Silicon Graphics Origin 2000 Custom Recording Transmitter Timing Antenna Silicon Graphics Main Computer Open Systems Architecture Radar functionally decomposed into building block components Industry standard COTS hardware and interfaces Components available for technology transfer Origin 2000 Silicon Graphics Origin 2000 Silicon Graphics Main Computer And Recording Timing COTS Antenna Transmitter 4. Sangiolo [4/2001] 8-S.E. Andrews 4/20/10

9 ROSA Block Diagram ROSA Frequency and Timing Radiation Monitor Interface Transmitter Transmitter Transmitter Transmitter Control Control MICROWAVE Upconverter Upconverter RF IF RF IF Receiver Receiver Master Master Timing T WFG WFG Digital Digital Pulse Pulse Compression Compression Main Computer Local Console Antenna Control Recording Recording ROSA Legacy Signature Radar 9-S.E. Andrews 4/20/10 4. Sangiolo [4/2001]

10 ROSA Generic Subsystem Example COTS/Open Systems hardware core: VME/VXI, PCI and other IEEE standard technology Standard networks and interfaces Additional VME boards added to provide subsystem functions POSIX-compliant operating system (POSIX, NFS, ANSI C) Built in diagnostics provided by CPU Remote Development and Diagnostics ENET CPU Network PCI Net IRIG TOD IRIG IP carrier Power Supply Monitor VME- BUS Board 1 Board 2 Board 3 Board N COTS/Common Subsystem Dependent Boards System Specific 10-S.E. Andrews 4/20/10 5. Sangiolo [2000]

11 Outline Objectives & motivation Radar Open System Architecture (ROSA) ROSA implemented Space surveillance challenges and benefits Summary 11-S.E. Andrews 4/20/10

12 Kwajalein Radar Modernization 80% Reduction in custom hardware > 85 % COTS Seven custom boards for all Radars 70% reduction in number of racks Automated and remote operations/diagnostics Dramatic improvement in flexibility New common radar system 4. Sangiolo [4/2001] 12-S.E. Andrews 4/20/10

13 Main Computer Real Time Program (RTP) MICROWAVE Transmitter Transmitter Upconverter Upconverter RF IF RF IF Receiver Receiver Frequency and Timing Transmitter Transmitter Control Control Master T Master Timing WFG WFG Digital Pulse Digital Pulse Compression Compression Antenna Control Radiation Monitor Interface Main Computer Recording Recording Local Console Hay/Hax SGI ALCOR SGI Existing Software MMW Modcomp Radar ar SGI ALTAIR Vax TDX Gould New Software MHR Harris Common radar software for all radars 70% reduction in lines of code 85% reduction in languages/os/platforms Extensive capability >150 waveforms supported 16 Channel coherent integration and detection Multi-Target-Tracking (64 targets) Bayesian Classifier (WB features) Automated script-driven operations Space surveillance functions Common data recording format (> 80 Mbytes/sec) Full PRI rate digital simulation 13-S.E. Andrews 4/20/10 64 targets and simulated targets over live data 4. Sangiolo [4/2001]

14 Radar Open Systems Architecture - ROSA Benefits Reduced development time and operations and maintenance cost Decomposition provides efficient use of engineering resources Allows many small development teams (distributed locations) Concurrent integration, test and evaluation Components easily added, shared and modified Migration to new technology can be done at the unit level New developments can begin with working components Better acquisition model, reduced non-recovered engineering costs Subsystems encapsulate specific radar function Underlying hardware and software is hidden Communication is key to architecture Subsystem components completely define their functionality and interfaces to the outside world Origin 2000 Full radar operation Development and local operations 14-S.E. Andrews 4/20/10 Silicon Graphics Origin 2000 Silicon Graphics MAIN COMPUTER Control message SYSTEM Control Message LOCAL SUBSYSTEM 4. Sangiolo [4/2001]

15 Outline Objectives & motivation Radar Open System Architecture (ROSA) ROSA implemented Space surveillance challenges and benefits Summary 15-S.E. Andrews 4/20/10

16 ROSA Development Significant to Space Surveillance Debris Mode Stare at Fixed Azimuth and Elevations and detect and record debris objects as they go through beam Trajectory Scans (α/β Scan) & (Progressive α/β Scan) Scans along satellite trajectory in time and orthogonal by beam width Satellite Tracking Displays Simplified Displays for Satellite Tracking Selective Radar Channel Recording Ability to record selective Radar Channel data (PP; PP/OP or all four channels) Deep Space Tracking (MHR SATCIT) Integrate SATCIT on MHR and then HAY and HAX radars Wideband Network Sensors (WNS) High speed network demonstration with Radar Data >1gbit/sec 16-S.E. Andrews 4/20/10 4. Sangiolo [4/2001]

17 Deep Space Tracking Operations Real time Multi-pulse Integration 30+ year history of deep space* tracking operations [7] Detected Syncom II in GEO using post-processing 1965 Real-time computer enables rudimentary multipulse processing in real time 1971 Experiments using Haystack planetary radar to observe GEO satellites 1975 Millstone begins routine operations tracking deep space objects for U.S. Space Surveillance Network Acquisition and tracking process [7,9] Operate beyond unambiguous range of radar Order of 1000 pulses integrated to gain 30 db 12 classes target models processed simultaneously 3 levels of coherence 4 options for polarization of returns Best model selected in real time TRADEX MILLSTONE HAY/HAX ALTAIR * Deep Space orbits here are defined to be those with periods > 225 minutes 17-S.E. Andrews 4/20/10

18 Target Model Illustration 18-S.E. Andrews 4/20/10 7. Stone [2000]

19 HAX/HAY ROSA WNS Block Diagram Transmitter MICROWAVE Receiver Transmitter MICROWAVE Receiver 19-S.E. Andrews 4/20/10 4. Sangiolo [4/2001]

20 Remote Operations Lincoln Space Situational Awareness Center Joint control room for shared site Operators can view other sensor activities real-time Direct communications among sensor operators Cross-sensor familiarity Remote viewing of second shared site Real-time viewing of sensor activities and cross-sensor familiarity Best possible planning time Joint control room for multiple sites (notional) 20-S.E. Andrews 4/20/10 3. Andrews, S.E., et al [2007]

21 Summary Radar Open Systems Architecture (ROSA) dramatically reduces the development time and cost of building radar sensors Efficient use of engineering resources Abstraction of hardware layer from software Portable building block components ROSA has bee applied to several large radar development and modernization programs Kwajalein Missile Range - Common architecture for 4+ radars LSSC - Common architecture for 3 radars & large cost saving ROSA implementations have demonstrated real-world benefits Technology transfer efficiencies Reduced development times and operations/maintenance costs 21-S.E. Andrews 4/20/10 4. Sangiolo [4/2001]

22 Bibliography 1. Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon Institute, 2009, opensystems/ 2. Federal Acquisition Regulation, General Services Administration 17 Feb Andrews, S.E., Bougas, W. C., Cott, T.A., Hunt, S. M., Kadish, J.M., Solodyna, C.V., Enhancing Multi-payload Launch Support with Netcentric Operations, 7 th US/Russian Space Surveillance Workshop, October 29 November 2, 2007 (MS-29216) 4. Sangiolo, Thomas L., Radar Open System Architecture For The Lincoln Space Surveillance Complex (LSSC), Proceedings of the 2001 Space Control Conference,, 3-5 April, 2001, STK-256, S.E. Andrews Ed (MSJA-14085, 14085A, charts and paper) 5. Sangiolo, Thomas L., Radar Open System Architecture For The Lincoln Space Surveillance Complex (LSSC), Proceedings of the 2000 Space Control Conference,, April, 2000, STK-255, S.E. Andrews Ed (MSJA-14085, charts and paper) 6. Balesteri, D., Baldassini, J., DeCoster, W., Hogan, G., Hunt, S., Lazdowski, K., and Mathwig, J. Kwajalein Space Surveillance Center (KSSC), 2000 Space Control Conference, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, 12 April 2000 (MS-14184) 7. Stone, M.L. and Banner, G.P, Radars for the Detection and Tracking of Ballistic Missiles, Satellites, and Planets, Lincoln Laboratory Journal, pp , Vol 12, Number 2, Camp, W.W., Mayhan, J.T. and O Donnell, R. M., Wideband Radar for Ballistic Missile Defense and Range-Doppler Imaging of Satellites Lincoln Laboratory Journal, pp , Vol 12, Number 2, Banner, G.P. Deep space surveillance overview and radar tracking, 3 rd US/Russian Space Surveillance Workshop, October 1998, (MS-13301) 22-S.E. Andrews 4/20/10

23 Lincoln Laboratory Space Surveillance Radars Frequency Bands ALTAIR MILLSTONE TRADEX ALCOR HAY/HAX MMW VHF UHF UHF L L S C X K u K a W Freq. Band FREQUENCY (GHz) S.E. Andrews 4/20/10 4. Sangiolo [4/2001]