Design of High Efficiency Class E Amplifiers

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1 Design of High Efficiency Class E Amplifiers Q. Lu*, S. Danaher*, Z. Ghassemlooy*, E. Korolkiewicz* and A. Sambell *NCRLab, School of Computing Engineering and Information Sciences, Northumbria University in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Edinburgh Napier University 1

2 Outlines Literature view of High Efficiency Power Amplifiers (PAs) Review and Derive the Equations for Class E PAs Design nonlinear Class E PAs in Conventional Methodologies A novel procedure of design high efficiency PAs Simulation and Practical Results Conclusions 2

3 Literature view of High Efficiency Power Amplifiers Class E, Class F and Class F -1 Amplifiers 3

4 Review and Derive the Equations for Class E Amplifiers When R on = 0, [1] I dc ( 1 a sin( t )) ai dc sin( t ) Zin(f) Zin(opt) Zin(nf) [1] T. B. Mader, "Quasi-Optical Class-E Power Amplifiers," in Elect. Comput. Eng. vol. Ph.D dissertation Boulder, CO: Univ. Colorado,

5 Review and Derive the Equations for Class E Amplifiers When R on 0, I dc ( 1 a sin( t )) ai dc sin( t ) Zin(f) Zin(opt) Zin(nf) 5

6 When R on 0, [3] Review and Derive the Equations for Class E Amplifiers 6

7 Review and Derive the Equations for Class E Amplifiers 7

8 Review and Derive the Equations for Class E Amplifiers Current and voltage waveforms of the class E amplifier (R on = 0) Current and voltage waveforms of the class E amplifier (R on = 4 Ω) Power Dissipated 8

9 Review and Derive the Equations for Class E Amplifiers R on a r φ r (º) I dc (A) [2] Q. Lu, A. Sambell, S. Danaher, E. Korolkiewicz, Z. Ghassemlooy, L. Liu, and D. Wu, "The effect of the turn On resistance of an active device and the Q factor of the load harmonic network on the efficiency and efficiency bandwidth of a class E amplifier " in th International Symposium on Communication Systems Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP), Newcastle upon Tyne, 2010, pp

10 Design Nonlinear Class E PAs in Conventional Methodologies Conventional Methodologies [3] Problems: 1) Hard to select proper transistors, the shunt capacitance (C s ) ; 2) Long research period; 3) Cost and complex; 4) Not accurate R on = 0. [3] A. J. Wilkinson and J. K. A. Everard, "Transmission Line Load Network Topology for Class E Power Amplifier IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, vol. 49, pp , JUNE

11 A Novel Procedure of High Efficiency Class E Amplifier Step One: Select a relevant transistor (e.g. MESFET ATF34143) Step Two: Using the I/V curves from the data sheet to determine the DC resistance (11 to 22 Ohms, selected 17 Ohms) Step Three: Determine the shunt capacitance (C s ) across the Active Device of the class E PA by using the equations 11

12 Step Four: Using the ideal lumped elements to design the class E amplifier Step Five: Obtain the load/source input impedance of the selected transistor Unstable 12

13 Step Six: Investigate the stabilized resistor (R s ) of the designed the class E Amplifier Step Seven: Design the class E amplifier using Microstrip lines working at 2 GHz Finally: Fabricate the class E amplifier using PCB FR4 13

14 Simulation and Practical Results R s (Ohms) Z in (Ohms) Power Added Efficiency (%) j j j j (65% to 70% in Measurement) 14

15 Conclusions Literature view of High Efficiency Power Amplifiers (PAs) Review and Derive the Equations for Class E PAs Design nonlinear Class E PAs in Conventional Methodologies A novel procedure of design high efficiency PAs The power added efficiency (PAE) of PAs could be increased from 40% to over 70%. 15

16 Thanks for your patience!!! 16

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