Accelerator Science and Technology and Accelerator Stewardship at Argonne National Laboratory

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1 Accelerator Science and Technology and Accelerator Stewardship at Argonne National Laboratory Harry Weerts for Rod Gerig HEP division & Argonne Accelerator Institute SPAFOA meeting Argonne, June 13, 2013

2 Japan Eyes Hosting Intl Linear Collider TOKYO (Nikkei)--The government has decided on a plan to solicit construction in Japan of the International Linear Collider, a next-generation particle accelerator that will allow physicists to explore fundamental questions about the universe, The Nikkei learned Wednesday. The ILC will complement the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, the European Center for Nuclear Research, which confirmed the existence of the Higgs boson -- a particle believed to impart mass. It is seen as a huge scientific project on a par with the International Space Station and the ITER nuclear fusion project. Building the ILC in Japan would mark the first time that the country plays the central role in a major international research project. The collider is expected to take a decade to build. The project took a step toward becoming a reality when an international team of scientists and others drew up a report on the engineering design of the ILC on Wednesday. Construction costs are estimated to total 830 billion yen. Bringing the project to Japan would lead to 530,000 jobs and have an economic impact of around 45 trillion yen over 30 years, according to the Japan Productivity Center. The Cabinet Office intends to discuss the matter at a meeting of experts Friday. A mountainous region in Iwate Prefecture and another straddling Fukuoka and Saga prefectures are seen as prospective construction sites for the collider, which is to be built in a tunnel about 30km long. The government hopes to pick a candidate site and officially announce its intention to host the ILC around next month. No national government has volunteered to host the project so far. Japan has the backing of many scientists from around the world. Japan will carry out negotiations with other participants in the ILC project, including the U.S., Europe, China and Russia, with the construction site expected to be decided around Construction should take around a decade, with experiments beginning around Japan is expected to shoulder about half of the construction costs if the collider is built here, so the pricey project could prove controversial at home. (The Nikkei, June 13 morning edition) 2

3 Transition from GDE to LCC new structure 3

4 Accelerator S&T at Argonne Accelerator S&T considered an Argonne Core Competency Primarily done in three divisions Accelerator Systems Division of the APS (BES) High Energy Physics Division (HEP) Physics Division (NP) and loosely coordinated by the Argonne Accelerator Institute(AAI). The AAI board consist of AAI director and the division directors of the three divisions, and meets regularly. AAI provides single POC for Argonne Accelerator interaction and stewardship activities. 4

5 Advanced Photon Source (APS) Key accelerator S&T in APS-Upgrade, $393.0 M project Development of first superconducting undulator Development of transverse deflecting SCRF cavities Much of APS-Upgrade involves x-ray beamline build-out and enhancements Also involved in SC stewardship initiative to identify high-efficiency alternatives to existing RF sources 5

6 SCU Design Cryostat Structure SC magnet He fill/vent turret LHe vessel LHe piping 20 K radiation shield 60 K radiation shield Beam chamber Beam chamber thermal link to cryocooler Design of SCU0 is based on the APS experience of making short SC magnetic structures and on experience by a team from Budker Institute, Novosibirsk of making cryostats for their SC wigglers. slide courtesy George Srajer 6

7 SCU0 Installed in December 2012 slide courtesy George Srajer SCU0 Cryostat installed in the APS ring: Sector 6 front end 7

8 SCU0 5 th Harmonic and Undulator A at 85 kev SCU0 5 th harmonic scan (680 Amps to 580 Amps) SCU0 flux at 85 kev is 1.4x higher than Undulator A Undulator A scan (12 to 11mm) SCU0 spatial distribution at 85 kev as undulator current is scanned slide courtesy George Srajer SCU0 1.6 cm period with 20 poles (~ 0.35 m long) Undulator A 3.3 cm period 70 poles (2.3 m long) 8

9 Short Pulse X-Ray (SPX) ANL-APS There is a need to provide intense, tunable, picosecond x-ray pulses with high repetition rates for time domain experiments. Proposed by A. Zholents et al, NIM A, 425 (1999) Create a correlation between the longitudinal coordinates of the electrons within the electron-bunch and their vertical angles. Bunch Tail Radiation Bunch Front Radiation Sub-picosecond x-ray pulses can be created with slicing. This technique can produce high average intensity x-ray radiation for the study of ultra-fast phenomena. 9

10 SPX SRF at the Advanced Photon Source Collaboration of ANL-APS with JLab (cavity and cryomodule design & fab) and ANL-PHY (cavity and cryomodule testing). Off line cavity test results have been good. Upgrade requires two 4 cavity cryomodules. 10

11 SPX QMiR SRF Cavity 20 Niobium Parts Niobium Prototype Assembly ANL-APS/ANL-PHY/ FNAL designed a simpler cavity Cavity fabrication by ANL-PHY. Prototype fall 2013 Total project cost <5 times the current baseline design. Cavity Type Squeezed Elliptical Cell Quasi-Waveguide Multi-cell Resonator Frequency (MHz) V kick (MV) E peak (MV/m) B peak (mt) (R/Q) y = V 2 Kick/(2*P) (Ω) G = R surface *Q (Ω) # Required Cavities 2 x 4 2 x 1 11

12 Convergence of Low- and High-beta Superconducting RF cavities ANL has been at the center of this development for decades All bulk Nb ( PHY division expertise) Z. Conway talk 1.3 GHz β=1 ILC 1 st SC spoke 345 MHz β=0.63 ANL 97 MHz β=0.1 ANL 850 MHz β=0.28 ANL Recent convergence in SRF community; similar techniques now for all cavities 2.8 GHz β=1 (SPX) ANL positioning for next generation of SRF cavities using Atomic Layer Deposition Basic accelerator building block 12

13 ANL/FNAL Collaboration on Cavity Processing ANL-PHY, ANL-HEP and FNAL have been collaborating since 2002 to improve SRF cavity processing. Demonstrated ILC 1.3 GHz cavity processing. Improved upon ILC Work to implement the worlds first low-beta cavity EP tool. This is similar to the ILC, but incorporates direct water cooling greatly improving polishing uniformity. For the first time: electro-polishing after all fabrication work is complete. 13

14 ANL/FNAL Cavity Processing Facility Low-Beta Cavity Cleaning Low-Beta Cavity Electropolishing Built with ANL & FNAL support. 14

15 ILC/Project-X Cavity Processing Electropolishing System dedicated to the ILC/Project-X 1.3 GHz cavities. Staffed by 2 ANL-HEP engineers and 2 FNAL techs with ANL-PHY support. 15

16 Recent FNAL SRF Results (Cavities Processed at ANL) Buffered Chemical Polished Cavities Electro-Polished Elliptical Cell Cavity (650 MHz, β = 0.9) Project-X Cavities Processed in the Joint ANL/FNAL Facility & tested at FNAL 16

17 Project-X SRF Cryomodule Development One SRF cryomodule Accelerate a 1-5 ma proton beam from 2.1 to 10 MeV. 8 SRF half-wave resonators MHz. Beta = Superconducting solenoid/steering coils. 2 prototype cavities ready this year funded by FNAL. 35 cm Cavity Mechanical Model 6 m long cryomodule 13.8 MV energy gain -significant margin for operations. Builds upon previous ANL cryomodules/experience. 17

18 Project-X HWR Development FNAL WFO MHz, β = 0.11, HWR Nb Parts Model The parts made in collaboration with 4 vendors. Electric Discharge Machining of Toroid Prototype Cold Testing Late

19 SRF Cavities and Atomic Layer Deposition Goal: Synthesize better superconductor than Nb by ALD (T. Prolier ANL-HEP/MSD): -NbTiN = 14K. -SC/Dielectric multilayers for ultimate fields. -Studying Higher T c samples: FeSeTe (30K), MgB 2 (40K). ALD coated SRF testing ongoing in PHY for cavities coated at ANL. ANL-HEP/MSD Cleaning/Test ANL- PHY/FNAL facility Cavity ANL-PHY 19

20 What is Advanced Acceleration? The Quest for High Gradient Acceleration Conventional/proven (E ~ 20 MV/m) Excited Media: Copper Cavities Power Source: RF Klystron (amplifier) Advanced ( > 100 MV/m ) Excited media: Plasmas, Dielectrics, etc. Power Source: Lasers and Electron Beams Argonne Beam Driven Dielectric Wakefield Acceleration Primary Funding Office of High Energy Physics 20

21 Dielectric-Loaded Accelerator Structure Simple geometry Capable of high gradients Easy dipole mode damping Tunable Inexpensive Electric Field Vectors

22 Argonne Approach: Flexible Linear Collider 120 MV/m, 0.25 TeV, 4.5 km HEP two-beam acceleration Higgs Factory

23 Argonne Approach dielectric wakefield accelerating linacs ~50 m Facility Footprint 350m x 250m 350m 200 MeV ~50 m ~25 m ~50 m ~30 m 2 GeV 750m ~100 m ~50 m experimental end stations Collinear wakefield acceleration BES extremely lowcost alternative 3. Low Energy Beam Spreader 1. High Gradient (100 MV/m) DWFA linac 2. Room Temperature dielectric

24 Positron source study for ILC ( responsible in GDE) Where we are making contributions ANL responsible for end to end simulation of ILC positron source: numerical model of undulator radiation; investigated and compared many different undulator parameters proposed by collaborators; the impact on yield for different OMD options the energy deposition calculating in the targets (Ti, liquid pb). collaborating with KEK on their conventional e+ source scheme and compton scattering based e+ source. emittance evolution of drive electron beam passing through undulator. Currently working on undulator parameters for Minimum Machine option. 24

25 Accelerator Stewardship With Fermilab, continued investment in education through Lee Teng Internship Program Involved in SC stewardship initiative to identify high-efficiency alternatives to existing RF sources 25

26 Detectors Many aspects at Argonne Detector/sensor needs & development at Argonne: Develop/design/build detectors for experiments in HEP and other sciences -- strong in HEP ( LHC, Nova) Develop transformational new sensors based on material science (ALD) expertise at Argonne & with industry -- LAPPD with INCOM R&D 100 award 2012 Superconducting Threshold Edge Sensors (TES) for Cosmic Microwave Background experiments ( South Pole) -- CMB Sensors & detectors for homeland security -- very applied Biological sensors for many purposes Separate programs Latest development: Creating joint Argonne- Univ of Chicago center for sensor & detector development. Combine the science needs of new detectors with material science expertise/capabilities at Argonne

27 Argonne HEP technology Problem: Current large area phototubes are expensive for large area, if they exist, limited position resolution and timing. Based on old technology. LAPPD = Large Area Picosecond Photo Detectors Enable large, cheaper, picosecond timing, flat panel phototubes. Enables large coverage. Anatomy of an Micro Channel Plate (MCP) based-photo Multiplier Tube Need to develop all this: 1. Photocathode 2. Microchannel Plates; ALD functionalized 3. Anode (stripline) structure 4. Vacuum Assembly 5. Front-End Electronics Argonne connections: Large collaboration inside and outside Argonne ( Chicago plus) Participation by industry Heavily use ANL ALD expertise 27

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30 The End 30

31 SCU Team Core Team Management: E. Gluskin*(ASD-MD) Simulation: R. Dejus (ASD-MD) S. Kim (ASD-MD) R. Kustom (ASD-RF) Y. Shiroyanagi (ASD-MD) Design: D. Pasholk (AED-DD) D. Skiadopoulos (AES-DD) E. Trakhtenberg (AES-MED) Cryogenics: J. Fuerst (ASD-MD) Q. Hasse (ASD-MD) Measurements: M. Abliz (ASD-MD) C. Doose (ASD-MD) M. Kasa (ASD-MD) I. Vasserman (ASD-MD) Controls: B. Deriy (ASD-PS) M. Smith (AES-CTL) Tech. support: S. Bettenhausen (ASD- MD) K. Boerste (ASD-MD) J. Gagliano (ASD-MOM) M. Merritt (ASD-MD) J. Terhaar (ASD-MD) Y. Ivanyushenkov (ASD) Technical Lead and Commissioning Co-Lead Budker Institute Collaboration (Cryomodule and Measurement System Design) N. Mezentsev V. Syrovatin V. Tsukanov V. Lev FNAL Collaboration (Resin Impregnation) A. Makarov UW-Madison Collaboration (Cooling System) J. Pfotenhauer D. Potratz D. Schick K. Harkay Commissioning Co- Lead Commissioning Team L. Boon (ASD-AOP) M. Borland (ASD-ADD) G. Decker* (ASD-DIA) J. Dooling (ASD-AOP) L. Emery* (ASD-AOP) R. Flood (ASD-AOP) M. Jaski (ASD_MD) F. Lenkszus (AES-CTL) V. Sajaev (ASD-AOP) K. Schroeder (ASD- AOP) N. Sereno (ASD-AOP) H. Shang (ASD-AOP) R. Soliday (ASD-AOP) X. Sun (ASD-DIA) A. Xiao (ASD-AOP) A. Zholents (ASD-DD) 31

32 SCU Team - Continued Technical Support R. Bechtold (AES-MOM) D. Capatina (AES-MED) J. Collins (AES-MED) P. Den Hartog* (AES-MED) R. Farnsworth* (AES-CTL) G. Goeppner* (AES-MOM) J. Hoyt (AES-MOM) W. Jansma (AES-SA) J. Penicka* (AES-SA) J. Wang* (ASD-PS) S. Wesling (AES -SA) Excerpts from Jim Murphy sent on January 23, 2013: Light Source Directors: Brian Stephenson & George Srajer shared some exciting news from the APS/APS-U team with BES yesterday. The APS/APS- U team obtained the first spectra from the prototype superconducting undulator that they recently installed in the APS ring. I encourage each of you to think how this exciting new technology could play a role in your facilities. Congratulations to the APS/APS-U team on this achievement. 32