Position, Navigation, and Timing Branch C2D, Battle Command Division Fort Monmouth, NJ

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1 Position, Navigation, and Timing Branch C2D, Battle Command Division Fort Monmouth, NJ Soldier Navigation Architecture Study Presented by Van Tran / Gina Guiducci August 3, 2009

2 Who We Are Department of Defense (DoD) Department of the Army (DA) Army Materiel Command (AMC) Research, Development and Engineering Command (RDECOM) Communications-Electronics Research, Development and Engineering Center (CERDEC) Command and Control Directorate (C2D)

3 Introduction The Army has a growing need to conduct operations in urban and indoor environments. The Communications Electronic Research, Development and Engineering Center's (CERDEC) Command and Control Directorate (C2D) is pursuing several programs to develop positioning capabilities for dismounted Soldier operating in these environments. Examples: Militarized 3D Locator (M3DL) Radio Frequency Adaptive Technologies Integrated with Communications And Location (RADICAL)

4 The following are examples of tactics, techniques and procedures: Individual movement techniques. Battle drills. Weapon positioning in an urban area. Roadblock and vehicle search procedures. Dismounted and mounted urban navigation. Urban scanning techniques. Quick fire techniques. Assault fire techniques. Typical Military Missions Hasty urban firing positions. Prepared urban firing positions. US Army HQ, Training Circular 90-1, TRAINING FOR URBAN OPERATIONS

5 Subterranean Typical Urban Terrains Cultural Center Financial District High Density Inner City Heavy Industry Shanty Light Industry Urban Sprawl

6 Militarized 3D Locator (M3DL)

7 M3DL Background M3DL builds on the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) * Advanced 3D Locator (A3DL) program A3DL addressed firefighters and first responders applications M3DL addresses Soldiers operating in urban environments M3DL designed for military applications Requires replacing commercial subsystems with military subsystems (e.g. GPS, military communications / RF ranging radios) Top level architecture is very similar to A3DL * For more information on DHS Location Tracking, Contact, PM, DHS S&T

A3DL vs M3DL Comparison A3DL M3DL Trade Studies * Falcom JP14-R / SiRFStar III chipset Honeywell Baro Altimeter MSSI RF Ranging Receiver ICI Mobiquiti ad hoc mesh network radio MicroStrain IMU *

8 A3DL vs M3DL Comparison A3DL M3DL Trade Studies * Falcom JP14-R / SiRFStar III chipset Honeywell Baro Altimeter MSSI RF Ranging Receiver ICI Mobiquiti ad hoc mesh network radio MicroStrain IMU * Military GPS Rec vr Honeywell Baro Alt OEM Configuration * Military Comms / Ranging Radio MicroStrain IMU Advanced Pedometry algorithms PowerPC440 Processor (separate chip) * Doppler Veloc- IMU; DRM 4000 PowerPC440 Processor (embedded) Decentralized Cooperative Navigation (DCN) algorithms Backpack configuration Decentralized Cooperative Navigation (DCN) algorithms * Configuration baseline subject to change / trade studies.

9 M3DL Technical Baseline Concept M3DL (Technical Baseline) DRM 4000 M3DL Nav CCA 3.5 x 2.5 Battery M3DL Processor CCA 3.5 x 2.5 Doppler IMU MGPS 1 Ethernet Ranging Radio OR MGPS 2 Trade Studies

10 Deliverables / Activities Deliverables Monthly Reports Operation Manual Interface Design Description 20 M3DL Systems Final Report Activities Kick-off Meeting Trades Studies Technical Interchange Meeting Final Demo

11 RF Adaptive Technologies Integrated with Communications And Location (RADICAL)

RF ADaptive Technologies Integrated with Communications And Location (RADICAL) Purpose: Develop and demonstrate software that identifies available spectrum dynamically (RF-aware) for tactical

12 RF ADaptive Technologies Integrated with Communications And Location (RADICAL) Purpose: Develop and demonstrate software that identifies available spectrum dynamically (RF-aware) for tactical communications and for position location in GPS-degraded environments Products: Software module that enables spectrum policy management for Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) enabled radios (e.g. PRC-148/152) Architecture to integrate and enhance DARPA Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN) for future use in Army tactical networks such as WIN-T Software for position locating based on Net Assisted Navigation and RF Ranging techniques Payoff: Reliable message delivery in disruptive communications environment Provide position locating in GPS degraded environments

13 Goal: RADICAL Navigation Technologies Develop RF based software modules for integration into soldiers radio systems. - Capable of insertion with a wide variety of soldiers radio systems. - Minimal impact to the hardware configuration of the communications or navigation equipment. Activities: - Soldier Navigation Architecture Study (SNAS) - Network Assisted Navigation Software Development - RF Ranging Software Development - Test & Integration

14 RF Ranging Estimate range between soldiers based on the time of flight of the communications packets. Active RF Ranging Require transmit signals designated for ranging Require more the radio s resources More accurate Better control Passive RF Ranging. Range measurements take advantage of the existing communication signals passing between radios Require less resources. Less accurate Rigid Both methods are being examined for use in the RADICAL application.

15 Network Assisted Navigation Improve the performance of GPS based navigation systems by providing data via the radio network to the GPS receiver. Using radio network to share position and measurement data between nodes to improve the overall position accuracy.

16 FY 09 Soldier Navigation Architecture Study (SNAS) Objective: - Identify and rank candidate navigation architecture to support the transition of the RADICAL navigation technologies to fielded systems. - Design a navigation architecture over the Platoon of dismounted Soldiers that satisfies the individual Soldier position performance needs while optimizing the navigation system attributes. - Identify and address future position capabilities for the Soldier.

17 Soldier Navigation Architecture Study Approach Perform Investigations Identify dismounted Soldier navigation needs, relevant navigation systems operational and physical characteristics, constraints as well as representative operational scenarios. Identified system attributes, (e.g., Cost, Power, Performance, Weight, Size, Robustness, ) Conduct Technology survey to identify candidate technologies Develop Trade Study Methodology Set weights for system attributes Establish System Performance Metrics

18 Candidate Architectures Soldier Navigation Architecture Study Approach (Cont.) Develop candidate architectures Pare down candidate architectures and contributing technologies for analysis Conduct trade Include baseline architectures (i.g., current dismounted Soldier system) Baseline architectures with RADICAL technologies and other technologies Conduct simulation for performance evaluation Rank architectures Document Trade Study

19 System Attributes Navigation Error Cost Power Weight Size Integrity Availability Security Complexity (Ease of Use) Attribute 2 (e.g., Navigation Error) n a R Attributes space a2 a3 a4 a1 Attribute 1 (e.g., Cost)

20 Weighting Attributes System parametric constraints System threshold values System goal values Attribute Measure of Performance Examples Low Cost / High Cost Small Size / Large Size (System Effectiveness) -1 Highly Effective Ineffective M T G Goal Value Threshold Value Maximal Constraint Ideal f(a) Attribute (Measure of Performance) Low Error / High Error

21 RADICAL Progress and Way Ahead Progress Met with users and Program Managers of fielded systems for technology transition Interviewed dismounted Soldiers on system attributes and operational scenarios Reviewed system specification and capability development document Next steps Interim Soldier Navigation Architecture Study Report Broad Agency Announcement (BAA) for RADICAL navigation technologies (Sept/Oct 2009)

D Locator Indoor Positioning for Firefighters and Other First Responders. WPI Technology Workshop 5 August 2008

Advanced 3-D 3 D Locator Indoor Positioning for Firefighters and Other First Responders WPI Technology Workshop 5 August 2008 Steve Rounds L-3 3 Communications Interstate Electronics Corp Anaheim, CA 1