T.Aathmanesan Anna University, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

Transcription

1 Design and Analysis of Rectangular Micro Patch Antenna for WLAN Communication T.Aathmanesan Anna University, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering Abstract In this new communication era the increase of communication devices increases the demand of antennas which are low cost for fabrication and easy for integration. Micro patch antenna is a narrow band wide beam antenna fabricated on a dielectric substrate like PCB. The fundamental idea behind this paper is to design and analyze patch antenna which has specifications of Operating frequency of, Dielectric permittivity of 3.4 with a simple shape of rectangle. The antenna is simulated in a method of moment, based electromagnetic simulation software called IE3D.This antenna is more suitable for WLAN enabled devices. Index Terms IE3D, Micro Patch Antenna, Printed Circuit Board (PCB), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). 1 INTRODUCTION Wireless communication is one of the rapid growing field of technology which has captured the attention of social life in the present era. Modern wireless local area networks are implemented in many homes, industries. This massive development of wireless systems incorporated with the development of laptop and smartphones indicates a bright future for wireless networks, both as stand-alone systems and as part of the larger networking infrastructure in the industries. For the successful implementation of any wireless communication system, the antenna plays the most important role. Each and every wireless product requires at least one antenna. Most of the success or failure of any wireless product depends on the performance of the wireless link which includes items such as the range, size and connectivity speed of the link. Wireless performance is purely dependent on a high performance antenna design and implementation. The benefits of a high performance, and likely expensive, devices can easily be lost with a poorly designed antenna, or even a well-designed antenna that has been improperly implemented. Unlike other components, integration of the antenna into the product is a critical part of the design process. Most often, the antenna is simply added to a device or a system that has been essentially completed, resulting in serious implementation compromises. Each different type of antenna has its own relative merits and demerits in its performance, manufacturability, and cost. A better design of the antenna can reduce the system requirements and also improve the overall system performance. 2 LITERATURE SURVEY The literature survey was carried with the two existing antennas for WLAN and its summery is presented in the table [1].This survey is mainly concentrates on comparing available antennas and their results and how their performance can be improved without affecting other parameters. TABLE 1 LITERATURE SURVEY TITLE Design and simulation of microstrip patch array for wireless communications at. A 2.4 GHz Microstrip Patch Antenna With a Single Slot for WLAN. Realization of various planer inverted F Antenna. 3 PROBLEM DEFINITION From the literature review it can be inferred that the dimensions of the antenna were large and the gain was small with high VSWR.To overcome those setbacks I proposed a simple shape of the rectangular patch antenna to achieve larger gain with minimum VSWR and achieve loss low as possible. The main objective is to attain better reflection co-efficient with high efficiency by introducing insert feed rectangular patch antenna. 4 ANTENNA DESIGN RESULTS Gain 11.54dB dB Gain 5dB db Gain 4dB -20.9dB The proposed rectangular shape microstrip patch antenna is shown in Fig. [1].For better antenna performance, a low dielectric constant with thick dielectric substrate is desirable, as it provides better radiation, better efficiency and larger bandwidth. 152

2 patch antenna is IE3D version IE3D is a best 3D electromagnetic simulation software which provides a better platform for the innovative simulations and analysing different types of circuits and antennas and it has major application in RF simulations. The user interface looks very simple and easy to learn with the few selected tutorials. This software works on Method-of- Moments EM analysis. Fig. 1. The rectangular shape microstrip patch antenna Design specification 4.1 Width To calculate width of Microstrip Antenna 5 PROPOSED MODEL The rectangular patch antenna design is shown in below figure [2] in 2D model. It consists of patch on one side of a dielectric substrate and a planar ground on the other side. W= C 2f 0 (ε r+1) Length To calculate length of Microstrip Antenna L = 0.412h (ε reff + 0.3)( W h ) (ε reff 0.3)( W h + 0.8) C L eff = 2f 0 ε reff L = L eff 2 L 4.3 Determining the Feed Point Location To calculate feed point location of micro patch antenna. Yf is normally set to the centerline of the W dimension while Xf can be approximated to the following value, Xf = L/92*sqrt (Ere*L) 4.4 Dielectric Substrate To select a thin dielectric substrate with low dielectric constant by considering the trade-off between the antenna dimensions and its performance. The design specification of antenna which are calculated from using above equations were given in the Table [2]. TABLE 2 DESIGN SPECIFICATION Operating frequency Length of the rectangular patch (L) Width of the rectangular patch (W) Substrate Thickness (h) Dielectric constant of the material (ε r ) mm mm mm Fig. 2. Proposed design of the rectangular shape microstrip patch antenna in 2D view The proposed model has a dimension of 24*22 mm. with the insert feed located at (0,-0.35).It is designed with the 1.524mm thickness substrate andεrof RESULT ANALYSIS The rectangular patch antenna is designed and then simulated using IE3D. The parameters evaluated were current distribution, Radiation pattern, Efficiency, Return loss, Gain, VSWR which are presented below. 6.1) Current distribution of patch antenna Fig. 3. Current distribution The Current distribution obtained from the simulation at 2.4 GHz was presented above. Feed point location(x o,y o ) (-0.35,0)mm 4.5) Software Used The software used to design and simulate the rectangular micro 153

3 6.2) Radiation Pattern INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR TRENDS IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY 6.5) Gain Fig. 4. Radiation Pattern The Radiation pattern from the simulation at 2.4 GHz was presented above. 6.3) Efficiency Fig. 7. Gain The Gain achieved from the simulation is 5.5 db. Fig. 5. Efficiency The Efficiency achieved from the simulation is 75%. 6.4) RETURN LOSS 6.6) VSWR Fig.8 VSWR The VSWR achieved from the simulation is Below I presented the results obtained from the simulation on table [3]. TABLE 3 SIMULATED RESULTS Fig. 6. Return loss The Return loss achieved -18dB.Which is a better value when compared with the existing antennas. PARAMETER FREQUENCY RETURN LOSS VALUE -18. db VSWR 1.25 GAIN 5.5dB EFFICIENCY 75% 154

4 7 ANTENNA ON PCB INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR TRENDS IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY TABLE 4 MEASURED RESULTS PARAMETER VALUE FREQUENCY RETURN LOSS db VSWR 1.12 Fig. 8. Top View Fig. 5. Bottom View Above are the top and bottom view of antenna fabricated on PCB with εr3.4 and height of the substrate is with SMA connector is presented above. 8 MEASURED RESULTS 8.1) RETURN LOSS 10CONCLUSION Thus the design and simulation of micro patch antenna were successfully done using the simulation software called IE3D and the result achieved for the rectangular patch antenna with the compact size of (24*22) mm and it can effectively utilized forwireless communication like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and WLAN applications. 11 FUTURE WORK With the successful resultsfrom the testing in the network analyzer which gives only return loss and VSWR and the future work concentrates on measuring other parameters like gain efficiency and radiation pattern in the suitable testing environment. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Fig. 9. Return loss Return loss achieved from the antenna fabricated 24.82dB. 8.2) VSWR Aathmanesan.T was born in Tamil nadu, India, who is 21 years old BE ECE student in Anna University Chennai. He has endless passion in electronics and technology that made him to choose ECE in his college. He is an avid googler who learns useful tech related this by himself using the power of internet. He utilizes his online presence as an admin to an educational forum and he contribute his spare time on writing to his own blogs. His aim is to complete masters in electronics related course and work in his core research area. Fig. 8. VSWR VSWR achieved from the antenna fabricated DISCUSSION ON RESULTS From the simulation using IE3D version 14.00the results obtained are as follows,75% efficiency, S11 Return loss as - 18.dB, VSWR as 1.25and achieved gain of 5.5 db. The important parameters in results achieved from the simulation are tabulated in table [3] and the measured results are tabulated in table[4]. 155 REFERENCES [1] B.Sai Sandeep, Sreenath Kashyap (2012) Design and simulation of microstrip patch array antenna for wireless communications at 2.4 GHz, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 3, Issue 1. [2] Rahul Singh Rathore, Sudeep Baudha, Shrikant Pandey. (2012) A 2.4 GHz Microstrip Patch Antenna with a Single Slot for WLAN, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology Volume 1, Issue 4. [3] B.Sujatha, K.Saranya, N.Yasmin Naseera, B.Bhuvaneshwari. (2014) Realization of various planar inverted-f antenna, International Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Data Communication, ISSN: Volume-2, Issue-4. [4] T.Suganthi, Dr.S.Robinson, G.Kanimolhi, T.Nagamoorthy Design and Analysis of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for GSM Application International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 1 Issue 2, April 2014.

5 [5] Pradeep Kumar, Neha Thakur, Aman Sanghi Micro strip Patch Antenna for 2.4 GHZ Wireless Applications International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) Volume 4 Issue 8- August [6] Mohammad Aneesh, J.A Ansari, Ashish Singh, Kamakshi, S.S Sayeed Analysis of S-shape Microstrip Patch Antenna for Bluetooth application International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 3, Issue 11, November [7] [8] theory.com [9] [10] ] 156