SUBMITTING DIGITAL ART TO UNC PRESS: A GUIDE FOR AUTHORS

Transcription

1 SUBMITTING DIGITAL ART TO UNC PRESS: A GUIDE FOR AUTHORS In a digital world, keeping guidelines up-to-date can often be a challenge. If you have any questions about information here, or if you want to confirm that information here is current, please contact our Director of Design and Production, Kim Bryant, kim.bryant@uncpress.org. It is important that you let your editor know as early as possible if you plan to submit any artwork in electronic form so we can evaluate wher material you propose to include is suitable for reproduction. If you intend to submit digital photographs or artwork with your manuscript, it is crucial that you follow se guidelines. Too often digital files obtained by authors have proven to be unsatisfactory for quality reproduction in a book. If digital artwork you provide does not meet our standards, it will be returned to you for improvement. We reserve right to drop unsuitable art from use in a publication. SECTION ONE. PHOTOGRAPHS black and white photographs and scans For reproduction in a book, you may submit eir a photographic print, such as an 8" x 10" glossy print, or a professional quality high-resolution digital photograph or scan. If you provide electronic files, y must be of a high enough resolution (see resolution below) for good reproduction. Images pulled off web that are 72 ppi are NOT sufficient for printing use. For best results, we recommend that you have scans made by a graphic arts service bureau or by a facility that routinely provides electronic files for print reproduction. Scans must meet following requirements: Scan mode. Scans be in grayscale or continuous tone mode. However, we can, if necessary, convert color scans to grayscale. Minimum size of scan. No smaller than 5" wide for a standard book (this is most common) with a trim size of 6 1/8" x 9 1/4", and no smaller than 8" wide for a book with a larger trim size. If you have questions about your book s size, please contact your editor. Resolution. Scans of photographs scaled to meet minimum size above, and be made with a minimum resolution of 300 pixels per inch (ppi). See figures 1, 2, and 3. Section Five shows you how to check resolution. File type. Scans be saved as.psd (photoshop) or.tif (TIFF) format files, or in some cases,.eps files. Do NOT save scans as.jpg (jpeg) files. JPEG file format uses lossy compression, which means that some image quality is lost and can never be recovered each time a file is saved as a.jpg file. This is why it is better to save your images as TIFF files. EXCEPTION: If you are acquiring an image from a library, museum, or stock photo agency and JPEGs are only file format available, send us original file by copying it to a CD or DVD. Do not edit or re-save image before submitting it. Printouts. For each digital image you supply, we must also have a printout of digital file, printed at its true size (i.e., 100%), with size of scan and resolution (example: 5 x 8", 300 ppi) recorded on back of printout. We do not enlarge smaller scans done at less than 300 ppi because resolution decreases as size increases. If you send us a scan that is only 1" x 2" at 300 ppi, for example, that is not sufficient for printing purposes. If you are a skilled photographer and will be taking photos for interior of your book, y will need to meet same resolution requirements. They be shot at a minimum resolution of 1500 x 1500 pixels for a standard 6 x 9 book printed in black and white. For an oversize book being shot in color we would need sizes equivalent to an 8 x 10 image at 350 ppi, or 2800 x 3500 pixels. scans from books and magazines In general, you avoid using previously printed images (such as photos in books and magazines), as y can have an unwanted effect called moiré. If a previously printed image is scanned, it be done professionally using a de-screening technique. Though this will result in a slight softening of detail in image, it will minimize effect of moiré in book. See figures 4, 5 and 6.

2 pixels per unit of measure (inches, in United States, hence abbreviation ppi) used to form an United States, hence abbreviation ppi) scans used to form anfor print usage be at least at final image. In general, photographic intended ended for size printfor usage be at least at final reproduction. Resolution be determined at scanning stage based on qualities be determined at scanning stage based on qualities of originating image: (1) wher it is continuous-tone or bi-tonal and (2) size of original. continuous-tone or bi-tonal and see (2) ofbelow. original. For furr guidance, size table ting oduc- pi, rer out non e wint. h reso- e of n ch able our ng of when it) or d not wing: n which eand ucan soft- examples of scanned grayscale art 3. Halftones: A Necessary Step in Printing Process What Is a Halftone? All continuous-tone scans must become halftones in order to be printed. A halftone is an image formed by breaking up a continuous-tone image into a of dots of varying sizes. In lighter areas of image, dots are very small. In darker areas, dots enlarge to overlap each or. When printed, dots, though clearly visible through a magnifying glass, merge to give illusion of continuous tone to naked eye. 3. Halftones: A Necessary Step in Printing Process What Is a Halftone? All continuous-tone scans must become halftones in order to be printed. A halftone is an image formed by breaking up a continuous-tone image into a of dots of varying sizes. In lighter areas areas, dots enlarge toedges overlap each of ppi (Note pixelized andand loss ofor. details.) 1. ppiimage, dots are very small. In darker ppi (Note pixelized edges When ppi (Note pixelized edges and loss of details.) printed, dots, though clearly visible through glass, merge to give illusion loss aofmagnifying details.) figur e 2.1 of continuous tone to naked eye. Example of a properly scanned, grayscale photograph at. This resolution setting is suitable for high- quality offset print production. figur e 2.2 Example of a photograph scanned at 72ppi, re- 3.2 Halftone dot 3.1 Printed halftone sulting in an image that appears blurry or out Figure 3.1phas scanned fromphenomenon an original Figure 3.2 is a detail of figure 3.1. Note dot of focus. i x elbeen at ion is anor photograph.. associated with a low-resolution scan. Lowresolution settings are not suitable for print. figur e 2.3 Example Books of a low-resolution scan to which resoscanning and Magazines 2.3 Scanned at 72ppi; with resolution artifically inlution has been artificially added. Printed halftone 3.2 to Halftone creased. (Compare circled in figures. general, Scanned at 72ppi; with resolution artifically in-printed In you avoid using previously images (suchdot as halftones fromareas books and 3. Scanned at 72 ppi; with resolution artifically Halftone dot. When an image Note4. that re is little improvement in detail in fig. is 2.3 after creased to. (Compare circled areas in figures. magazines) your original art, as y can result in unwanted effects called moi édots s. Printed increased toas 300 ppi. (Compare circled areas printed it isisbroken into ofrnote of dot resolution has been added.) Note that re is little improvement in detail fig. 2.3in after Figure 3.1 has been scanned from aninoriginal Figure,3.2 a detail ofafigure 3.1. photographs contain a dot as a result of halftone process, so scanning printed images figures.has Note re is little improvement in varying sizes. It is this dot that causes resolution beenthat added.) photograph.. detail inan fig.overlapping 3 after resolution been added.) problems imagepiece is scanned creates arrayhas of s: (1) presentwhen in that printed and (2)directly new from printed source. created from scan. When se two s overlap, a moiré is formed. While de sc ree n i ng techniques can be used to minimize effect of moirés, se techniques usually result in a softening of detail in image. Scanning images from Books and Magazines Determining Resolution Settings for Scanning Booksor and Magazines Continuous-Tone Bi-tonal? Determining Resolution Settings for Continuous-Tone Resolution Scans In general, you avoid using previously printed images (such as halftones from books and To determine wher you scan your Continuous-Tone Resolution Scans magazines) your original art,mode as y(8-bit) can result original art inascontinuous-tone or in unwanted effects called moi r é s. Printed contain dot a result of Size halftone process, so scanning printed(ppi) images of Original (inches) Resolution in photographs bi-tonal mode (1-bit),aconsider as following: Size of Original (inches) array Resolution (ppi)(1) present in printed piece and (2) new creates an overlapping of s: Smaller than 5 x 7 is formed. 600ppi your original is a photograph fine artwhen drawingse that two s 4 If created from orscan. overlap, a moiré While de sc ree n Smaller than 5levels x 7 of gray tones, 600ppi contains multiple you scan i ng techniques can be used to minimize effect of moirés, se techniques usually result in a original in continuous-tone mode. 5x7 of detail in image. 5softening x7 4 If original is a line drawing without gray tonalities, and 8 x 10 consists of only black and white lines and shapes, you 8scan x 10 original in bi-tonal mode. Save all scans in TIFF or EPS format. Save all scans in TIFF or EPS format Moiré 5. Moiré Figure hashas a moiré (caused Figure53.3 a moiré thatbyisscanunpleasning from a book, magazine, or newspaper) that ant to look at and unsuitable for print producis unpleasant to look at and unsuitable for print tion. production. Figure 2 Example of a photograph scanned at 72ppi, resulting in an image that appears blurry or out of focus. Pixelation and jpg compression damage (block s appear on image) are also associated with a low-resolution scan. Low-resolution settings are not suitable for print. pixelation A phenomenon in digital images that results from insufficient resolution or over-enlargement. Individual pixels become visible, especially on edges of objects, creating a stair-stepped or jagged look. Figure 3 Example of a low-resolution scan to which resolution has been artificially added. Figure 4 All continuous-tone scans must become halftones in order to be printed. A halftone is an image formed by breaking up a continuous-tone image into a of dots of varying sizes. In lighter areas of image, dots are very small. In darker areas, dots enlarge to overlap each or. When printed, dots, though clearly visible through a magnifying glass, merge to give illusion of continuous tone to naked eye. In general, you avoid using previously printed images (such as halftones from books and magazines) as your original art, as y can result in unwanted effects called moirés. Printed photographs contain a dot as a result of halftone process, so scanning printed images creates an overlapping array of s: (1) present in printed piece and (2) new created from scan. When se two s overlap, a moiré is formed. While descreening techniques can be used to minimize effect of moirés, se techniques usually result in a softening of detail in image. 3.4 Descreened 6. Descreened Figure hashas been descreened but Figure63.4 been descreened butphoto photographic details have been diminished as a result. graphic details have been diminished as a re(compare circled areas in figs. 1 and 6.) sult. (Compare circled areas in figs. 3.1 and 3.4.) 5 Examples are from digital image standards of Association of University Presses, which are based on standards of University of Chicago Press 3.3 Moiré 3.4 Descreened Figure 3.3 has a moiré that is unpleasant to look at and unsuitable for print produc- Figure 1 Example of a properly scanned, grayscale photograph at. This resolution setting is suitable for high-quality offset print production. Figure 3.4 has been descreened but photographic details have been diminished as a re- moiré In printing, an undesirable created by overlapping of halftone screens. Moirés occur when printed images are scanned and not properly descreened. descreening A process by which evidence of original halftone screen is removed. This can be achieved through use of software and/or mechanical filters.

3 color images to be reproduced in black and white These be scanned in RGB or grayscale mode or given to us for scanning. If you are scanning from 35mm slides, it is very difficult to get a crisp scan with a desktop scanner. It is best to have se done by a facility that has a professional slide scanner, and it is especially important to scan at minimum size and resolution stated above. color images to be reproduced in color If images have been professionally scanned in color or have been shot digitally and meet our requirements, we be able to use m. Digital color images must be cleared by production department. Scans be in RGB or CMYK mode. Scan resolution be a minimum of 350 pixels per inch (ppi) at image s final size (5" wide for a standard trim size, or 8" wide for an oversize book; if images are to bleed or if y are being cropped, y need to be scanned accordingly. If you are not sure, scanning at 600 give us what we need, though we will need to confirm that in our review). Slides, transparencies, or high quality color prints can be scanned by company printing your book, but this is also a more expensive and more time-consuming option. Note: For critical color, such as a book of fine art, author must also provide match prints for book printer to use as a reference. In most cases this will require a print that is of a higher resolution and better color accuracy than a color laser or inkjet print. SECTION TWO. LINE ART Black and white line art be scanned as black and white or bitmapped art (i.e., not grayscale or RGB) at a very high resolution (at least ppi at 5" wide). examples of scanned line art; line art images that contain only solid black and white ppi 8. 72ppi Figure 7 Example of properly scanned line art at 1200 ppi. This setting is ideal for high-quality offset print production. Note smooth curves. Figure 8 Example of line art scanned at 72ppi, which results in an image that appears blocky and sharp-edged. pixelation will occur if line art is scanned at low resolutions. Low-resolution settings are not suitable for print. Figure 9 Example of a low-resolution scan to which resolution has been artificially added. This is still inadequate for printing. 9. Scanned at 72ppi; with 4.3 resolution Scanned at artificially 72ppi; with resolution increased artificially to 1200ppi

4 SECTION THREE. MAPS, CHARTS, DIAGRAMS, AND GRAPHS IF UNC PRESS IS PREPARING YOUR ART: Maps. If we are preparing maps for you, you will need to provide a base map that shows all of information you want included on map that we are producing. In addition, you will need to prepare a text file with all of labels that are to be included on map, broken down into categories (eg., cities, states, rivers, attractions, etc. Charts and Diagrams. As for maps, we will need a good base drawing of item you wish to have redrawn, along with a text file of all copy that is to be included. Graphs. If UNC Press is to create graphs in-house from your data, please provide data on disk in a Microsoft Excel document. In addition, please provide a printout of data as well as a printout of chart or graph. If you will be creating art for charts and graphs, you follow instructions above and provide us with an Illustrator (.ai) file, a pdf file, or an eps file as well as an application file for each chart. IF YOU ARE PREPARING YOUR ART AND PROVIDING IT IN FINAL PRESS-READY FORM: Sample files. If you are planning to create art in electronic form (maps, charts, or graphs) for reproduction in your book, it is essential that you or person who will be creating art contact our production department before beginning. We also must receive a sample file in order to identify any problems early in process. If electronic art is received that is eir unusable or not to our standards or specifications, author will be responsible for correcting all problems. The author (or person creating art) will also be responsible for correcting any errors in electronic files at copyediting or page correction stage, unless we are able to edit files here. Preferred programs and platforms. Adobe Illustrator 9.0 or later is our preferred program. Some or programs may work, such as CorelDraw (7.0 or later), Freehand (9.0 or later), or, in very few cases, Adobe Photoshop (5.0 or later), but sample files must be submitted to confirm that we can use m. Macintosh is our preferred platform. Because se are vector drawings, y be saved as.ai,.eps or editable.pdf files. NOTE: Many of programs used to create charts and graphs, such as WordPerfect, Microsoft Word, PowerPoint, and Excel, cannot output valid postscript files. These programs are meant for more limited use in presentations or for output via desktop printers. However, high quality prints from se applications may be submitted as final art to be scanned if y are created using guidelines that follow for final figure size, type size and line weights, and if s rar than screens are used for various fills. Using preferred program offers a much higher probability that your files can be used and that we will be able to make corrections here. Sometimes you can save or export from anor program into eir an Illustrator (.ai), pdf, or eps format. NOTE: DO NOT provide charts, graphs, or maps as.tiff or.jpg files. If you do, type on image will be fuzzy. In addition, we will not be able to edit it if necessary. Charts and graphs are usually drawn at sizes larger than can be used in a book. Reproduction sizes are commonly 4.5" wide x 4" tall. To fit on pages of a book, original drawings usually must be reduced in size. The relationship between font sizes, rule weights, and final printed sizes be considered when constructing original figures. See comparisons following for examples of vector images.

5 examples of graphs A1 Figure A1 shows a chart reduced to size dimensions of printed page. Note illegibility of legend and column/row headings. The bar shadings are too similar in tone as well. 10-a shows a chart that was eir scanned or saved in photoshop as a tiff or jpg file, and reduced to size dimensions of printed page. Note illegibility of legend and column/row headings. The bar shadings are too similar in tone as well. A2 Figure A2 depicts same chart redrawn with final production size in mind. Bars are clearly distinguishable, all text is legible, and line rules are not faded. 10-b depicts same chart redrawn with final production size in mind, and saved in correct format. Bars are clearly distinguishable, all text is legible, and line rules are not faded. A3 11-a illustrates a line graph (reduced here) that will print poorly if no adjustments are made. The type is rendered unreadable. Also, graph points are lost within background shading. 11-b provides same information as figure 11-a but is laid out according to accepted guidelines. The text is now readable and plotted points are clearly defined. A4 Figure A3 illustrates a line graph in reduced size that and can will be enlarged print to any poorly size without if loss no of adjustments quality. are made. The type is rendered unreadable. Also, graph points are lost within background shading. Figure A4 provides same information as figure A3 but is laid out according to accepted guidelines. The text is now readable and plotted points are clearly defined. vector images Vector-based drawing applications such as Adobe Illustrator and Macromedia Freehand build images by using mamatical formulas to describe points, lines, and shapes. Unlike scans, which depend on proper resolution for realistic rendering, vector graphics are resolution independent TIP: reproduction size by printing out figures at to a width of 4 inches. You can also use a photocopier to reduce figures to that size. 8

6 guidelines for creating digital art such as graphs, maps, charts Fills. Pattern fills are often easier to distinguish than tints, and can be used alone or in conjunction with tints to bring clarity to art. Tints for black and white figures be indicated by screens of black (e.g., 30% black, 60% black, etc.), with at least 20% difference between screens. Do not use screen values lighter than 30% or darker than 70% as y may not hold up in printing. Colors. Do not use colors in a graphic that will be printed in black and white. If your project will be printed in 2 colors (this is not common), 2-color graphics can be supplied, with one color being black, and or being a spot (PMS) color. If your project is being printed in full color, n graphics can use process (CMYK) colors, not spot colors. Line weights and borders. Line weights be at least.3 pt. in order to reproduce at high resolution. Do not use built-in hairline rules. Also, if a line reverses to white, line weight be at least.75 pt. If re is a box rule around artwork, it be a solid.5 pt. rule. Final size. The width of graphic fit text width for your project. For a standard 6 1/8" x 9 1/4" book, a single-page graphic not exceed a maximum width of 30 picas and a maximum depth of 45 picas (5" x 7 1/2") note: se dimensions can be reversed if map is going to be turned on page. A double-page graphic not exceed 62 x 45 picas (10 1/4" x 7 1/2"). For a double-page graphic, keep in mind that image will need to be split down middle, so avoid putting type and important information in that area. Typefaces. OpenType typefaces are preferred since y are cross platform. Include on disk any typefaces used. If you use a typeface we do not have, typeface you provide will only be used, if necessary, for editing your files. Type size. Do not use smaller than 6 pt. type. If graphic will need to be reduced, use a point size that will not be smaller than 6 pt. at its final size (see Final size above). Styles. Do not assign styles to type (such as bold, italic, etc.) from typeface menu. Instead, assign correct font to type (e.g., for a bold italic Times, use Times Bold Italic, not Times Roman with bold and italic styles highlighted). Text copy. If charts, graphs, maps, or drawings are provided camera ready, re is no need to provide a separate text file for editing. If we will be adding text to art, n a separate text file listing all labels will need to be provided. Laser printouts. Provide an laser printout of what is being supplied on disk, printed at 100%. Embedded art. If you have embedded any graphic files in your art, include those files as well.

7 SECTION FOUR. HOW TO SUBMIT ELECTRONIC ART Submit art on CDs or DVDs. Please keep backups of your work. Do not put any extra images on disc, only those images that will appear in book. We cannot accept final artwork by . Supply a directory of everything on disk. The file names be keyed to photograph numbers in your list of photographs in manuscript. Final check before submitting photographic scans: Verify that images are scanned to UNC Press specifications. Supply a printout for each scanned image. Write scan size and resolution on printouts. Put all images (and only images that will be used in book) on a CD or DVD. Include a printed directory of disk s contents. Fill out Electronic Art Submission Sheet. Final check before submitting created digital art (maps, charts, graphs, etc.): Have sample file reviewed and approved by UNC Press Supply a printout (actual size, not enlarged or reduced) for each digital file. Include on disk all typefaces that have been used with art files. Include all linked graphic or data files on disk. Provided a separate text file for all labels if necessary (see Text Copy on previous page) Include a printed directory of disk s contents. Fill out Electronic Art Submission Sheet. SECTION FIVE. HOW TO CHECK THE RESOLUTION OF AN IMAGE Photoshop and Photoshop Elements, go to Image/Image Size... Apple Preview, go to Tools/Show Inspector Picasa, go to View/Properties Photoshop and Photoshop Elements. Note that this size, 1500 pixels wide and 300 ppi, is our minimum size for an image being used in a standard (6 x 9) book. Apple Preview Picasa

8 ELECTRONIC ART SUBMISSION SHEET FOR AUTHOR This sheet or something similar accompany electronic art sent to your editor at UNC Press Send to your editor s attention at: University of North Carolina Press, 116 S. Boundary St., Chapel Hill, NC phone Author Title Address Home phone Work phone Fax Quantity and type of disk(s) enclosed: CD(s) DVD(s) or: Format: Macintosh (preferred) PC Disk directory printout included for each disk Scanned Art (see Section One) Total number of grayscale scans (min. 300 ppi) Total number of color scans (min. 350 ppi) Total number of line art scans (min ppi) Created Electronic Art (see Section Two) If you are not creator of se files, please supply name of creator or a technical contact in case we have queries or problems: Created by Phone Company name (if applicable) Macintosh (preferred) (PC) Total number of files of created art Number of embedded scans included (if any) List program(s) used to create art (include version number and platform): Adobe Illustrator, version (9.0 or greater preferred) Or (specify) List typefaces included on disk: rev. 5/17