Guidelines for Consistently Readable Topographic Vectors and Labels with Toggling Backgrounds
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1 Guidelines for Consistently Readable Topographic Vectors and Labels with Toggling Backgrounds Paulo Raposo Cynthia A. Brewer Geography Pennsylvania State University Center of Excellence for Geospatial Information Science U.S. Geological Survey CEGIS-USGS ICC2013 Dresden, August 2013
2 Backgrounds Context Redesign The National Map, replacing U.S. topographic map series Varied background combinations through scale
3 Vectors with ortho image through scale (e.g., 1:100,000 and 1:24,000)
4 White & Contours, Hillshade, Land cover, Image individual background layers
5 White & Contours, Hillshade, Land cover, Image individual background layers
6 All three Hillshade, Image Land cover, Image Hillshade, Land cover
7 Terminology Terms
8 Terms Basic Color Terms Describe color using three perceptual dimensions: Hue Lightness Saturation Many alternative terms, can be confusing Lightness Saturation Hue
9 Terms Basic Color Terms Describe color using three perceptual dimensions: Hue Lightness Saturation Many alternative terms, can be confusing Munsell color order system uses: Hue Value Chroma Also common in cartography
10 Terms Simultaneous Contrast Also termed surround induction - adjacent colors appear more different - outlines reduce changes induced by surround colors
11 Terms Simultaneous Contrast Also termed surround induction - adjacent colors appear more different - outlines reduce changes induced by surround colors
12 Terms Simultaneous Contrast Also termed surround induction - adjacent colors appear more different - outlines reduce changes induced by surround colors
13 Terms Simultaneous Contrast Appearance shift is away from surrounding color Examples: Light surround makes color appear darker Yellow surround makes color appear more blue (toward complementary hue) Saturated surround makes color appear grayer if same hue Lightness Saturation Hue
14 Lightness Lightness Contrast Lightness Hue Saturation
15 Terms Other Color Terms - Lightness Lightness (perception relative to white in scene) Value (Munsell) Brightness Luminance (physics) Tint (art, add white) Shade (art, add black) Lightness Saturation Hue
16 Lightness Contrast in symbol or with background Small lightness differences are overwhelmed by highcontrast backgrounds, light or dark, producing a onecolor appearance
17 with Kristin Fishburn and USGS CGB Roads: multi-layer lines Connect different road levels and categories Contrast with different backgrounds
18 with Kristin Fishburn and USGS CGB Roads: multi-layer lines Light local roads echo lightness of roads in imagery, providing visual continuation for roads not in database
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22 Lightness canvas (212, 193, 174) Interstate 2.0 pt, dark red (137, 68, 68) 3.5 pt, light red (245, 122, 122) 4.5 pt, dark canvas (186, 170, 153) Routes 1.8 pt, light red 2.4 pt, dark canvas Local Roads 1.2 pt, light canvas (234, 229, 224) (RGB of canvas at 30% transp) 2.0 pt, dark canvas Ramps 0.8 pt, light red 1.6 pt, dark canvas
23 Road labels Two text fills for light or dark ground Double halo Higher contrast on inner halo for readability Color that melds with roads and surroundings on outer halo
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25 Hydro labels To handle all backgrounds Double halo: Higher contrast on outer halo Color that melds with hydro on inner halo
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28 Lightness 4WD and trail lightness dash Light dash on dark background Dark dash on light background
29 Lightness Hydrography line lightness wave Line for perennial Dash for intermittent
30 Lightness
31 Wave present but not apparent Wave functions
32 All three: Hillshade, Land Cover, Image Hillshade
33 wave No wave
34 Lightness Stream Tapering and wave Intermittent dash has subtle wave of lightness levels within dashes for contrast against busy backgrounds. Top: darker blue (58, 119, 193) Middle: medium blue (65, 124, 199) Bottom: lighter blue (77, 134, 209)
35 Stream Tapering and wave Perennial line has subtle wave of lightness levels in an embedded long dash: Top: medium blue (65, 124, 199) 2nd: lighter blue (71, 129, 204) 3rd: medium blue (65, 124, 199) Bottom: darker blue (58, 119, 193) No dash on bottom line
36 Lightness Waterbodies Simultaneous contrast with backgrounds Hydro textures also invert (e.g. swamp) Transparency
37 Lightness
38 Lightness Admin boundaries Hierarchy of increasing dash lengths Increasing color saturation Use of second layer to mask dashes below (alternative is convert poly to line) Second layer also creates light dash on backgrounds near lightness of first level dashing
39
40 Acknowledgements USGS funding: 2007 to 2013, Lynn Usery, Director, Center of Excellence for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS), and , Mike Cooley Resources CEGIS-USGS: cegis.usgs.gov Project resources: ScaleMaster.org Gould Center, Penn State: NationalMapping.us Thank you to Penn State RAs Katie Meckler, Clare Price, Kevin Sparks, Jay McGilloway, Rick Fourroux, Steve Butzler, Andy Stauffer, Stephen Sylvia, Jim Thatcher, Doug Minnigh, Chelsea Hanchett, Halina Sundy, Rob Roth, Mamata Akella, Jess Acosta babs buttenfield, Chris Anderson Tarver, Mike Gleason CU-Boulder
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