Data Visualization. Visualization of Dynamic Data

Transcription

1 01/29 Data Visualization Data visualization is the study of the visual representation of data, meaning "information which has been abstracted in some schematic form, including attributes or variables for the units of information". Definition September 19, 2011

2 02/29 Automation Numerical coding of media (principle 1) and modular structure of a media object (principle 2) allow to automate many operations involved in media creation, manipulation and access. Thus human intentionally can be removed from the creative process, at least in part. Definition September 19, 2011

3 04/29 #1 Numerical representation f(x, y, t) All new media objects, whether they are created from scratch on computers or converted from analog media sources, are composed of digital code; they are numerical representations. This has two key consequences: New media object can be described formally (mathematically). For instance, an image or a shape can be described using a mathematical function. New media object is a subject to algorithmic manipulation. For instance, by applying appropriate algorithms, we can automatically remove "noise" from a photograph, improve its contrast, locate the edges of the shapes, or change its proportions. In short, media becomes programmable. Definition September 19, 2011

4 05/29 #2 Modularity This principle can be called "fractal structure of new media. Just as a fractal has the same structure on different scales, a new media object has the same modular structure throughout. Media elements, be it images, sounds, shapes, or behaviors, are represented as collections of discrete samples (pixels, polygons, voxels, characters, scripts). These elements are assembled into larger-scale objects but they continue to maintain their separate identity. The objects themselves can be combined into even larger objects -- again, without losing their independence. Definition September 19, 2011

5 03/29 Automation FLASH GENERATION: Semantics of the Software and the artists of the future Lev MANOVICH The researchers are also working on what can be called highlevel automation of media creation which requires a computer to understand, to a certain degree, the meanings embedded in the objects being generated, i.e. their semantics. This research can be seen as a part of a larger initiative of artificial intelligence (AI). Definition September 19, 2011

6 06/29 #2 Modularity Definition September 19, 2011

7 07/29 digitization / sampling + quantization Converting continuous data into a numerical representation is called digitization. in order to convert a media object coming from analog media sources to a new media object, digitization is required. The first step of the digitization process is the sampling and quantization [real-valued domain] turns continuous data into discrete data. quantization is the process of approximating a continuous range of values (or a very large set of possible discrete values) by a relatively-small set of discrete symbols or integer values. Definition September 19, 2011

8 08/29 digitization / sampling + quantization As Roland Barthes has put it, language is, as it were, that which divides reality (for instance the continuous spectrum of the colours is verbally reduced) to a series of discontinuous terms (Barthes 1968, 64). This is the key assumption of modern semiotics, that communication requires discrete units. Without discrete units, there is no language. Digitization basically, is nothing but to convert continuous data into a discrete form. Comment September 19, 2011

9 09/29 digitization / sampling + quantization This form enables the communication of the object with other objects and media. Old media like video or film also has some discrete parts like scan lines or frames but the particularity the new media, is that the discrete units of a medium are usually not the units of meanings, yet they are not analogous to morphemes. Comment September 19, 2011

10 10/29 Variability form & content A new media object is not something fixed once and for all but can exist in different, potentially infinite, versions. A variety of end-user objects which vary both in resolution, in form and in content can be generated, either beforehand, or on demand, from this database. In the computer age database comes to function as a cultural form of its own. Definition September 19, 2011

11 13/29 Three-part drawing: A six-inch (15 cm) grid covering the walls. 1st wall: On a red wall, blue lines from each corner to points on the grid, yellow lines from the center to points on the grid; 2nd wall: On a yellow wall, blue lines from each corner to points on the grid, red lines from the midpoint of each side to points on the grid; 3rd wall: On a blue wall, red lines from the midpoint of each side to points on the grid, yellow lines from the center to points on the grid. (The number of lines and their length are determined by the draftsmen, but each wall has an equal number of lines.) sol le witt July 20, January 29, 2006 Example September 19, 2011

12 16/29 Lecture notes Condensation Cube, begun 1965, completed 2008; plexiglass and water; Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden Hans Haacke (born August 12, 1936) is a GermanAmerican artist who lives and works in New York. Example September 19, 2011

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24 28/29 EVACUATE İSTANBUL! İstanbul with a rough estimation and miscalculation is a city of 12 million. The city is situated near the North Anatolian fault line, which runs from northern Anatolia, along the Black Sea coast to the Sea of Marmara. Two tectonic plates, the African and the Eurasian, push against each other here. This fault line has been responsible for several deadly earthquakes in the region throughout history. Every year under the sea, the southern mass of the fault pushes up from the Arabian Peninsula, with a very fast rupture rate, shifting the northern plate by 2.5cm (one inch) towards Europe. This dead-locked stalemate inevitably reminds us of the dichotomies experienced by the Turkish Republic throughout her history. This idea is also well supported with the fact that the prospective earthquake is an earthly activity which can be coped with in human terms like all the others, rather than being a natural disaster. In this context, the earthquake (prospective and happening now) and remote Anatolian locations as real and metaphoric phenomenon constitute the content of this show. Minding the hesitant relationship between the art and real life in urban scale, we built our visual strategy complying with conventional data visualisation methods in urban context. The show is particularly consisted of optimization and visualization of almost real time and updated data parsed from Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute web site, for a low-res display, like 240x180 pixels. It is exciting to know that the project will make a modest contribution to the everlasting bright lights of Beyoğlu formerly known as Pera -. Evacuate İstanbul!, installation view and screenshots, İstanbul, Example September 19, 2011

25 29/29 EVACUATE İSTANBUL! İstanbul with a rough estimation and miscalculation is a city of 12 million. The city is situated near the North Anatolian fault line, which runs from northern Anatolia, along the Black Sea coast to the Sea of Marmara. Two tectonic plates, the African and the Eurasian, push against each other here. This fault line has been responsible for several deadly earthquakes in the region throughout history. Every year under the sea, the southern mass of the fault pushes up from the Arabian Peninsula, with a very fast rupture rate, shifting the northern plate by 2.5cm (one inch) towards Europe. This dead-locked stalemate inevitably reminds us of the dichotomies experienced by the Turkish Republic throughout her history. This idea is also well supported with the fact that the prospective earthquake is an earthly activity which can be coped with in human terms like all the others, rather than being a natural disaster. In this context, the earthquake (prospective and happening now) and remote Anatolian locations as real and metaphoric phenomenon constitute the content of this show. Minding the hesitant relationship between the art and real life in urban scale, we built our visual strategy complying with conventional data visualisation methods in urban context. The show is particularly consisted of optimization and visualization of almost real time and updated data parsed from Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute web site, for a low-res display, like 240x180 pixels. It is exciting to know that the project will make a modest contribution to the everlasting bright lights of Beyoğlu formerly known as Pera -. Evacuate İstanbul!, installation view and screenshots, İstanbul, Example September 19, 2011