The Ecloud Measurement Setup in the Main Injector
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1 The Ecloud Measurement Setup in the Main Injector C.Y. Tan, M. Backfish, R. Zwaska 11 Oct 2010 Ecloud Workshop 2010 FILE: ecloud.odp / Oct 10, 2010 / Page 1
2 Overview The FNAL complex and Setup at MI-52 The detectors RFA design and performance Magnetic probes BPMs used for Microwave measurements Experimental results Comparing TiN, ac and Steel Energy spectrum Conditioning characteristics Possible problems with ac FILE: ecloud.odp / Oct 10, 2010 / Page 2
3 The Complex MI is ~ 2 mile ring. Injection energy: 8GeV Extraction energy: 120GeV for experiments and pbar production. 150GeV for Tevatron injection. Highest intensity beam is for NuMI experiment ~40e12 per spill (11 batch slip stacking) Tevatron MI Ecloud experimental setup is at MI-52. p FILE: ecloud.odp / Oct 10, 2010 / Page 3
4 Measurement Setup RFA3 I:CLOUD3 I:GAUSSA RFA1 I:CLOUD1 RFA2 I:CLOUD2 Located in MI-52 straight section 6 diameter beam pipe, 1 m long sections of ac or TiN I:GAUSSB Steel Amorphous Carbon/TiN BPM RFA4 I:CLOUD4 (ANL) FILE: ecloud.odp / Oct 10, 2010 / Page 4
5 The Detectors 4 RFAs 3 FNAL style 1 ANL style 2 magnetic probes Designed to be non directional 3 sets of BPMs for RF measurements Traveling and resonant method Absorbers to attenuate RF outside the measurement setup. Removed when ac beampipe was installed. FILE: ecloud.odp / Oct 10, 2010 / Page 5
6 FNAL RFA Designed using SIMION Surface area larger than ANL RFA by 1.8x Better focusing Captures +/- 10o cone w.r.t. axis of symmetry. 1 grid compared to 2 grids Every grid reduces capture by about 20%. (25 lines/inch). Cup rather than flat capture surface. Empirical evidence shows that FNAL RFA is 3x more sensitive than ANL RFA. Engineering design: K. Duel For optimum performance, RFA is coupled to dedicated high gain amplifier. FILE: ecloud.odp / Oct 10, 2010 / Page 6
7 RFA Electronics High gain electronics connected directly to the RFA to reduce noise. Designed so that amplifier can be bypassed if necessary. RAD hard opamp (HS5104ARH) Electronic ground is isolated from beam pipe ground to reduce beam noise. FILE: ecloud.odp / Oct 10, 2010 / Page 7
8 Frequency Response 39 db of power gain 3dB point at 2.6 khz Better than 40dB attenuation above 10kHz FILE: ecloud.odp / Oct 10, 2010 / Page 8
9 Time Domain Response Takes 20 revolutions to get a peak value Input on grid All the responses were measured for each installed RFA with amps in situ so that they can be compared if questions arise as to whether the RFA is functioning. Output from RFA FILE: ecloud.odp / Oct 10, 2010 / Page 9
10 Electron Beam Test Electron beam test on the bench (L. McCuller) +Vg is retarding electrons. 100eV electrons used. Grid holes act like lenslets E bounce off Even if electron energy < Vg, some electrons will leak through. (Seen in sims for finite sized holes in grid) Electrons bounce off RFA if Vg < 20V Similar results for higher energy electron beam (up to 600eV) leak FILE: ecloud.odp / Oct 10, 2010 / Page 10
11 Typical Signals (with amps on) CLOUD2 CLOUD1 CLOUD3 CLOUD4 Cloud 1 and 4 on steel Cloud 2 and 3 on TiN (mu metal shielding) Maximum dip around transition 20GeV Cloud1 Cloud2 Cloud3 Steel TiN/aC Cloud4/ANL FILE: ecloud.odp / Oct 10, 2010 / Page 11
12 Magnetic Probes 5.6 gauss 4.9 gauss B A Probes axis independent Magnetic probe is based on MFS3A Differential outputs to reduce noise from ramp. Calibrated on bench with Helmholtz coil and Lakeshore Hall probe. Upper and lower 95% Confidence intervals are plotted in Red and Orange FILE: ecloud.odp / Oct 10, 2010 / Page 12
13 Magnetic Field Affects Ecloud Collection Depending on the direction of the B-field, collection efficiency is affected. (Simulation by L. McCuller) FILE: ecloud.odp / Oct 10, 2010 / Page 13
14 Mu Metal shield IP521 RFA3 FILE: ecloud.odp / Oct 10, 2010 / Page 14
15 Small change at the end of the ramp After Before Cloud1 Cloud2 Cloud3 Steel TiN/aC Cloud4/ANL FILE: ecloud.odp / Oct 10, 2010 / Page 15
16 Microwave Setup BPMs are too close for traveling wave method. Setup at MI-521 B Absorber 1m RFAs A 1m RFAs 6 Round Pipe C Absorber For other methods, see C. Thangaraj's talk. Cartoons courtesy of N. Eddy FILE: ecloud.odp / Oct 10, 2010 / Page 16
17 Experimental Results (M. Backfish) FILE: ecloud.odp / Oct 10, 2010 / Page 17
18 Comparing TiN, ac and Steel CLOUD3 CLOUD1 TiN vs Steel ac vs Steel Cloud1 Cloud2 Cloud3 Steel TiN/aC Double hump also seen on scope without amps Cloud4/ANL FILE: ecloud.odp / Oct 10, 2010 / Page 18
19 Zoomed in view on Steel (old data) FILE: ecloud.odp / Oct 10, 2010 / Page 19
20 Time Evolution CLOUD2 CLOUD3 CLOUD4 ac vs Steel TiN vs Steel Cloud1 Cloud2 Cloud3 Steel TiN/aC Cloud4/ANL FILE: ecloud.odp / Oct 10, 2010 / Page 20
21 How Evolution is tracked Dips are tracked and datalogged Track the knee defined to be the ecloud threshold Fits integrated to get total e charge FILE: ecloud.odp / Oct 10, 2010 / Page 21
22 More conditioned/less Ecloud 8/27/ days into the current run Red fit is TiN from 2009 Green fit is Steel from 2009 More conditioned Yellow fit is Steel From 2010 Gray fit is Carbon Coated from 2010 Less conditioned/more Ecloud 9/25/ days into last run Note: The beam pipe seems to have conditioned more rapidly this run. This is due to higher initial intensities in MI. FILE: ecloud.odp / Oct 10, 2010 / Page 22
23 Conditioning of TiN and Steel Signal very small Cloud1 Cloud2 Cloud3 Steel Cloud4/ANL TiN/aC FILE: ecloud.odp / Oct 10, 2010 / Page 23
24 Conditioning of TiN and Steel Signal very small Cloud1 Cloud2 Cloud3 Steel Cloud4/ANL TiN/aC FILE: ecloud.odp / Oct 10, 2010 / Page 24
25 Conditioning of ac and Steel Vacuum incident Cloud2 Cloud1 Steel Cloud4/ANL Cloud3 TiN/aC FILE: ecloud.odp / Oct 10, 2010 / Page 25
26 Comparing TiN, ac and Steel TiN vs Steel 1 year Cloud1 Cloud2 Cloud3 Steel TiN/aC Cloud4/ANL 1 month vs/ Steel FILE: ecloud.odp / Oct 10,aC 2010 Page 26
27 Vacuum Leak closest to CLOUD3 FILE: ecloud.odp / Oct 10, 2010 / Page 27
28 Normal procedure in leak repair. Leak did not get up to atmosphere ~1e-6 torr (1e-8 normal). Repair was in atmosphere. After vacuum leak Cloud1 Cloud2 Cloud3 Steel Cloud4/ANL TiN/aC FILE: ecloud.odp / Oct 10, 2010 / Page 28
29 Energy Spectra Pbar mixed mode Steel TiN&Steel TiN ac FILE: ecloud.odp / Oct 10, 2010 / Page 29
30 Conclusion RFAs have performed very well for about 1.25 years RFAs have been very well characterised on the bench and in simulations. RAD hard parts may not have been necessary. Magnetic probes installed this shutdown. Still working after about 3 months. Microwave method needs more understanding. Data from TiN, ac and Steel still being analyzed Preliminary results show that TiN and ac are comparable in performance ac may not be very robust. FILE: ecloud.odp / Oct 10, 2010 / Page 30
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