A soft X-ray view on ultrafast demagnetization
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1 A soft X-ray view on ultrafast demagnetization Boris Vodungbo Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement Université Pierre et Marie Curie CNRS Paris, France Laboratoire d Optique Appliquée ENSTA ParisTech École Polytechnique ParisTech CNRS Palaiseau, France A soft X-ray view on ultrafast demagnetization 1 / 19
2 Motivation : understanding ultrafast demagnetization Beaurepaire et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 76, 4250 (1996), Kirilyuk 82, 2731 (2010) A soft X-ray view on ultrafast demagnetization 2 / 19
3 Motivation : understanding ultrafast demagnetization contradiction with previous observations (and expectations) Beaurepaire et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 76, 4250 (1996), Kirilyuk 82, 2731 (2010) Vaterlaus et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, 3314 (1991) A soft X-ray view on ultrafast demagnetization 2 / 19
4 Motivation : understanding ultrafast demagnetization contradiction with previous observations (and expectations) no satisfactory physical explanation (angular momentum transfer?) Beaurepaire et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 76, 4250 (1996), Kirilyuk 82, 2731 (2010) Vaterlaus et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, 3314 (1991) A soft X-ray view on ultrafast demagnetization 2 / 19
5 Motivation : understanding ultrafast demagnetization contradiction with previous observations (and expectations) no satisfactory physical explanation (angular momentum transfer?) femtosecond control of magnetization (application) Beaurepaire et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 76, 4250 (1996), Kirilyuk 82, 2731 (2010) Vaterlaus et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, 3314 (1991) Stanciu et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 98, (2007) A soft X-ray view on ultrafast demagnetization 2 / 19
6 Superdiffusive spin transport Direct spin transfer (hot electrons) conservation of angular momentum can be tested experimentally Battiato et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 105, (2010) A soft X-ray view on ultrafast demagnetization 3 / 19
7 Superdiffusive spin transport Direct spin transfer (hot electrons) conservation of angular momentum can be tested experimentally Battiato et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 105, (2010) Malinowski et al., Nature Phys., 4, 855, (2008) A soft X-ray view on ultrafast demagnetization 3 / 19
8 How to experimentally observe direct spin transfer? Antiparallel bilayer configuration higher demagnetization efficiency A soft X-ray view on ultrafast demagnetization 4 / 19
9 How to experimentally observe direct spin transfer? Appears in multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy antiparallel nanometric magnetic domains Requires pulse duration < 50 fs + wavelengths < 100 nm femtosecond soft X-rays sources A soft X-ray view on ultrafast demagnetization 4 / 19
10 Experimental setup for the study of Co/Pd multilayers IR pump/soft X-ray probe geometry A soft X-ray view on ultrafast demagnetization 5 / 19
11 High order harmonics generation (HHG) HHG properties : short pulses (attosecond!) energies up to 150 ev (but can go up to 2 kev!), short wavelenghts tunable, element specificity coherent, no jitter with IR, linearly polarized,etc A soft X-ray view on ultrafast demagnetization 6 / 19
12 Magnetic resonant scattering Magnetic contratst : XMCD at the Co M edge (60 ev, 20 nm) Magnetic domain network = magnetic diffraction grating A soft X-ray view on ultrafast demagnetization 7 / 19
13 Magnetic resonant scattering Magnetic contratst : XMCD at the Co M edge (60 ev, 20 nm) Magnetic domain network = magnetic diffraction grating scattering intensity domains magnetization (I M 2 ) spots position and shape domains size and orientation (q 1 d ) Linear polarization ok (L = H + + H ) : identical H+ and H patterns Vodungbo et al., EPL, 94, (2011) A soft X-ray view on ultrafast demagnetization 7 / 19
14 Experimental setup A soft X-ray view on ultrafast demagnetization 8 / 19
15 Experimental setup A soft X-ray view on ultrafast demagnetization 8 / 19
16 Experimental setup A soft X-ray view on ultrafast demagnetization 8 / 19
17 Ultrafast demagnetization at the magnetic domains level Vodungbo et al., Nat. Commun., 3, 999 (2012) A soft X-ray view on ultrafast demagnetization 9 / 19
18 Ultrafast demagnetization at the magnetic domains level faster demagnetization ( 100 fs) than without domains (> 200 fs) Vodungbo et al., Nat. Commun., 3, 999 (2012) A soft X-ray view on ultrafast demagnetization 9 / 19
19 Ultrafast demagnetization at the magnetic domains level faster demagnetization ( 100 fs) than without domains (> 200 fs) demagnetization time independent of the pump fluence Consistent with direct spin transfer between domains Vodungbo et al., Nat. Commun., 3, 999 (2012) A soft X-ray view on ultrafast demagnetization 9 / 19
20 From khz (HHG) to single shot (XFEL) experiments New perspectives very high pump fluence (> destruction treshold) irreversible phenomena A soft X-ray view on ultrafast demagnetization 10 / 19
21 Demagnetization in the high fluence regime International collaboration (FLASH, Hamburg) Shift of the magnetic scattering peak ultrafast modification of the magnetic domain structure Pfau et al., Nat. Commun., 3, 1100 (2012) A soft X-ray view on ultrafast demagnetization 11 / 19
22 Demagnetization in the high fluence regime International collaboration (FLASH, Hamburg) Shift of the magnetic scattering peak ultrafast modification of the magnetic domain structure good agreement with simulation of electron motion Confirmation of spin transfer between domains Pfau et al., Nat. Commun., 3, 1100 (2012) A soft X-ray view on ultrafast demagnetization 11 / 19
23 Can we get more informations? Observation of higher scattering orders More precise measurement of the domain wall profile first beamtime at FERMI (Trieste), muliple-shots, 02/2013 new beamtime at LCLS, single-shot, 03/2014 A soft X-ray view on ultrafast demagnetization 12 / 19
24 Can we get more informations? Observation of higher scattering orders More precise measurement of the domain wall profile first beamtime at FERMI (Trieste), muliple-shots, 02/2013 new beamtime at LCLS, single-shot, 03/2014 A soft X-ray view on ultrafast demagnetization 12 / 19
25 Can we get more informations? Real space observation of the domain wall evolution Time resolved magnetic imaging single-shot magnetic imaging Ok to be implemented in pump-probe with better resolution Wang et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 108, (2012) A soft X-ray view on ultrafast demagnetization 13 / 19
26 Time-resolved magnetic imaging : first results Korff Schmising et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., under review A soft X-ray view on ultrafast demagnetization 14 / 19
27 Time-resolved magnetic imaging : first results Korff Schmising et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., under review A soft X-ray view on ultrafast demagnetization 14 / 19
28 What about perpendicular spin transfer? Other recent experimental observations : Rudolf et al., Nat. Commun., 3, 1037 (2012) Eschenlohr et al., Nature Mater., 12, 332 (2013) Kampfrath et al., Nature Nanotechnology, 8, 256 (2013) Is spin transfer the only mechanism for ultrafast demagnetization? A soft X-ray view on ultrafast demagnetization 15 / 19
29 Probing perpendicular spin transfer Looking at different elements in multilayers simultaneously A soft X-ray view on ultrafast demagnetization 16 / 19
30 Probing perpendicular spin transfer Looking at different elements in multilayers simultaneously A soft X-ray view on ultrafast demagnetization 16 / 19
31 Conclusion 1 Superdiffusive spin transport contributes to ultrafast demagnetization 2 But it cannot explain all the observations A soft X-ray view on ultrafast demagnetization 17 / 19
32 Outlook Requirements : Pushing the temporal resolution (shorter pulses) Mathias et al., PNAS, 109, 4792 (2012) A soft X-ray view on ultrafast demagnetization 18 / 19
33 Outlook Requirements : Pushing the temporal resolution (shorter pulses) Higher energy harmonics 200 ev (rare earth absorption edges) Stanciu et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 98, (2007) A soft X-ray view on ultrafast demagnetization 18 / 19
34 Outlook Requirements : Pushing the temporal resolution (shorter pulses) Higher energy harmonics 200 ev (rare earth absorption edges) High intensity THz source Vicario et al., Nat. Photon., 7, 720 (2013) A soft X-ray view on ultrafast demagnetization 18 / 19
35 Outlook Requirements : Pushing the temporal resolution (shorter pulses) Higher energy harmonics 200 ev (rare earth absorption edges) High intensity THz source Vicario et al., Nat. Photon., 7, 720 (2013) A soft X-ray view on ultrafast demagnetization 18 / 19
36 Collaborations HHG (ANR Project FEMTO-X-MAG) LCPMR, Paris, France : K. Li, B. Tudu, M. Tortarolo, R. Hawaldar, R. Delaunay, J. Lüning LOA, Palaiseau, France : J. Gautier, G. Lambert, A. Barszczak Sardinha, M. Lozano, S. Sebban, P. Zeitoun SPAM, CEA-Saclay, France : X. Ge, M. Ducousso, W. Boutu, H. Merdji,... FEL (FLASH, LCLS, FERMI) SOLEIL, France : N. Jaouen, V. López-Flores, H. Popescu, M. Sacchi, F. Sirotti,... CSNSM, Orsay, France : F. Fortuna IPCMS, Strasbourg, France : E. Beaurepaire, C. Boeglin,... CNRS/THALES, Palaiseau, France : V. Cros, R. Mattana TU, Berlin, Germany : S. Eisebitt,... SLAC, Stanford, USA : H. Dürr, A. Scherz, J. Stöhr,... ETH, Zürich, Switzerland : Y. Acremann,... DESY, Hamburg, Germany : G. Grübel, C. Gutt,... LPS, Orsay, France : G. Malinowski THz PSI, EPFL : C. Hauri... A soft X-ray view on ultrafast demagnetization 19 / 19
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