The Exhibition of artworks by the insane (patients), Bethlem, London Royal Hospital, London, England, 1900.

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1 1900 The Exhibition of artworks by the insane (patients), Bethlem, London Royal Hospital, London, England, Adolf Wölfli produced a monograph that was the first bit of work produced by a patient that was considered art by the doctor Walter Morgenthaler, who worked in a clinic called Waldau in Switzerland The Artistry of the Mentally Ill was published by Hans Prinzhorn, a German psychiatrist. It was a collection of his patients work. He was investigating how these patients art work related to the mainstream art that was produced at the time. This book had a big impact on the Surrealists movement at the time. Artists such as Alfred Kubin, Paul Klee, Max Ernst and Pablo Picasso were full of enthusiasm for the collection, and drew on the works as a source of inspiration The Nazi exhibition, Entartete "Kunst" (Degenerate Art), organized by Joseph Goebbels. The artwork of Modern artists was shown alongside those of mentally ill patients. This was to support the Nazi idea that modern art was pathological. The show featured contemporary artists such as Marc Chagall, Wassily Kandinsky Otto Dix, Paul Klee, and others.

2 1945 Jean Dubuffet named the art produced by inmates of prisons and psychiatric hospitals 'Art Brut' - raw art. This was also when he started his massive 'Art Brut' collection Art Brut Manifesto was published by Jean Dubuffet. This was also the year in which the Compagnie de l'art Brut was established by Dubuffet and included several leading figures from Dada and Surrealist circles. Compagnie de l'art Brut was committed to buying new Art brut work The first Art Brut show, Outsider Art in Preference to Cultural Arts, opened in Paris at the René Drouin gallery. An International Exhibition of Psychopathological Art, opened at Saint- Anne Hospital. This show included over 2000 pieces of art originating from 45 collections. One critic wrote, 'The parallels between the works of patients and the art of 20th Century painters - expressionists, surrealists, and certain pure abstract painters - is established without a doubt.' The publishing house that accommodated the Compagnie de l'art Brut collection closed and with that The Compagnie de l'art Brut dissolved. There were plans to move the collection to The Creeks, a sixty-acre space in the East Hamptons, USA.

3 The Art Brunt Collection was installed in The Creeks. Paintings By Jackson Pollock, Lee Krasner, Willem de Kooning and Dubuffet were hung alongside the Art Brunt collection. The Creek was seen as required viewing for anyone who was interested in contemporary art. Gallery One opened it s doors first in Litchfield street and then it moves to D Arblay street in Soho. The gallery gave Yves Klein his first solo exhibition in London and also presented work by Fluxus Collectives. The galleries director was Victor Musgrave, a renowned British poet, art dealer and curator The Collection de L'Art Brut returned to Paris from the USA. Dubuffet took control of it and reinstated the Compagnie de l'art Brut at 137, rue de Sevres, Paris (presently the home of the Dubuffet Fondation in Paris). Victor Musgrave the director of Gallery One in London became a member The Prinzhorn Collection was rediscoverd by Harald Szeemann, some of the collection was shown for the first time at the Kunsthalle in Bern. The first publication of a booklet documenting the Art Brut collection. Dubuffet exhibited his whole collection of outsider art at The Musée des Arts Decoratifs in Paris

4 The English term Outsider art was coined by Roger Cardinal when he published a book under the title Outsider art. In it he stated: 'I believe that a paramount factor in the critical definition of the creative Outsider is that he or she should be possessed of an expressive impulse and should then externalize that impulse in an unmonitored way which defies conventional art-historical contextualization'. Dubuffetʼs collection of L'Art Brut opened at the Château Beaulieu in Lausanne in Switzerland. Michel Thevoz was the first director of the collection and the collection grew to over 30,000 works. Hayward Gallery opened the first major exhibition of Outsider art in Britain. It was co-curated by Roger Cardinal and Victor Musgrave. The show had around visitors The Third Eye Centre in Glasgow organized an exhibition called Another World Arte Incomun was curated by Victor Musgrave at the 16th Sao Paulo Biennale. Musgrave and Monika Kinley travelled abroad and in the UK to search for new artists to build an Outsider collection and archive Artists Make Faces, an exhibition that was organized by Musgrave and Kinley. Work by Paula Rego, Maggie Hambing and John Davies was shown alongside that of two Outsiders, Scottie Wilson and Albert Louden Harold Szneeman, a Swiss curator, featured Outsiders in an exhibition called The Tendency Toward the Total Work of Art.

5 1984 Victor Musgrave died Jean Dubuffet died. Victor Musgrave 1986 Monika Kinley curated the first Scottie Wilson show from the collection at the Third Eye Center in Glasgow. Kinley also curated a smaller show of his work at the newly opened Center Art en Marge in Brussels, Belgium. It is set up to promote and research Art Brut The Serpentine Gallery in London had a solo show of Anna Zemánková work. The Graves Art Gallery in Sheffield opened its doors and became the first public institution in England to actively buy Outsider art. In Another World: Outsider Art from Europe and America was curated by Kinley at the South Bank Center in London Kinley Outsider Collection displayed works at Naivi '87, the international exhibition of Naïve and Outsider Art in Zagreb. Anna Zemánková The publication of the magazine Raw Vision magazine began. It is an international magazine of Outsider art, Art Brut and Contemporary Folk art. Art en Marge in Brussels held a show called Outsider Artists which included work from the Musgrave Kinley Outsider Collection The Center for Intuitive and Outsider Art, INTUIT, opened in Chicago, USA.

6 1992 Los Angeles County Museum of Art put on the show Parallel Vision, which included Contemporary artists and Outsider artists The first Outsider Art fair was launched at the Puck Building in New York. This is now an annual event The British Outsider artist Madge Gill had a solo exhibition in Toyko, curated by Kinley in collaboration with Shiseido cosmetics The American Visionary Art Museum opened its doors in Baltimore. The Musgrave Kinley Outsiders Collection was shown as part of the London Contemporary Art Fair. Carlo Zinelli had a one man show in Tokyo, curated by Kinley and sponsored by the cosmetic company Shiseido The Inner Eye, an Arts Council exhibition, is curated by Marina Warner The Musgrave Kinley Outsider Art collection was housed in The Irish Museum of Modern Art. Art Unsolved, a major Outsider exhibition, began in Dublin and went on to tour Ireland Outsider Art: The Musgrave Kinley Outsider Collection from the Irish Museum of Modern Art, co-curated by Alistair Smith and David Morris, was held at the Manchester s Whitworth Art Gallery The records of the Musgrave Kinley Outsiders Trust were donated to the Tate. The Tail that Wags the Dog, Outsider Art in the Expressionist Tradition from the Musgrave Kinley Collection, co-curated by Catherine Marshall, toured with the COBRA group.

7 2005 Outsider Art the Musgrave Kinley Outsider Collection and Archives, featuring a selection from the Collection and Archives, was held at Tate Britain, whilst The Musgrave Kinley Outsider Trust archive was donated to Tate Britain Rough Magic, a touring exhibition curated by Jon Thompson and Monika Kinley, travelled to the Fundación La Caixa in Madrid, the Whitechapel Gallery in London and the Irish Museum of Modern Art in Dublin. The exhibition showed Art Brut and Outsider Art with work by established contemporary artists Well-known international artists and curators were invited by the Museum of Everything to explore the connection between Outsider art and contemporary art.