Occupational safety and health through design of human-system interaction in reality and virtual reality

Transcription

1 Occupational safety and health through design of human-system interaction in reality and virtual reality Peter Nickel ISSA Symposium 2015 at ACHEMA, Frankfurt, June 17-18, 2015

2 ACHEMA 2003 interfaces [Pictures: BG Chemie 2003] Human-Safety-Technology Yesterday Today Tomorrow [Pictures: GAWO e.v.] [Picture: GAWO e.v.] [Photo: Nachreiner/GAWO e.v.] 2

3 OSH through design of human-system interaction Human-System Interaction Field studies wwdse in control centres Simulation studies in VR human information processing safety concepts accident prevention in use context prospective risk assessments More take home messages [Pictures: IFA, GAWO, Nickel] 3

4 OSH through HSI observe, understand, design Interaction design aims to improve OSH design reduction of design flaws reduction of hazards and risks prevent health impairments and accidents Interaction design refers to tasks of humans and systems interfaces for operators to interact with systems Information design for operators perception reasoning, decision making action, control [Picture: BG Chemie 2003, see Chapanis 1959] 4

5 OSH through design of human-system interaction Human-System Interaction Field studies wwdse in control centres Simulation studies in VR human information processing safety concepts accident prevention in use context prospective risk assessments More take home messages [Pictures: IFA, GAWO, Nickel] 5

6 wwdse in Control Centres (IFA5112) Minimum safety and health requirements for 'work with display screen equipment' (wwdse) Directive 90/270/EEC Field inspections in control centres Evaluation and best-practice Grant by BAuA (FIOH Germany) Project by GAWO e.v. and IFA Process and plant control Traffic management Media Security services Power generation and distribution Tele communication 6

7 wwdse in CC (IFA5112) Methods 274 item checklist on control centre design with design recommendations for inspections in 24 CC Design areas control room work place human-machine communication work environment Best-practice [sample item: Is character size 15 arc min at minimum?] visual inspections and observations interviews with operators and management [Picture: Bockelmann et al. (2012)] physical measurements document studies 7

8 wwdse in CC (IFA5112) Results Design Quality match with minimal requirements for design areas (27 wp, 274 i) Relative frequencies [%] control room work place Control Centre Design Areas work equipment HM communic work environment work organisation minimal requirements not fulfilled fulfilled well fulfilled misc 8

9 wwdse in CC (IFA5112) Results Good Practice Control room e.g. width of workplace access Work place e.g. desktop space Work equipment e.g. monitor separated from keyboard Human-machine communication e.g. active data field highlighted Work environment e.g. air temperature Work organisation e.g. social support from colleagues Miscellaneous e.g. occupational health examinations checklist examples out of 274 items [Picture: JST Jungmann Systemtechnik and GAWO e.v., see Bockelmann et al. (2012, 171)] 9

10 wwdse in CC (IFA5112) Results Bad Practice Control room e.g. entrance in the back of operator Work place e.g. monitors too high Work equipment e.g. dark coloured keyboards Human-machine communication e.g. character size too small Work environment e.g. poor illumination Work organisation e.g. rarely instructions on wwdse Miscellaneous e.g. operator participation on design checklist examples out of 274 items [Photo: Nickel/IFA] 10

11 wwdse in CC (IFA5112) Display Screen Arrangement (single and) dual lines of monitors are too high [Photo: Nickel/IFA] [Pictures: JST Jungmann Systemtechnik and GAWO e.v., see Bockelmann et al. (2012)] 11

12 wwdse in CC (IFA5112) Information Presentation Character size, colours, structure [Picture: Emerson Process Management GmbH & Co. OHG, see Bockelmann et al. (2012, 175)] [Picture: BG Chemie (2003, 46)] [Picture: GAWO e.v.] 12

13 wwdse in CC (IFA5112) Conclusions 66% match with OSH wwdse requirements only Design improvements required across all design areas Cost-effective and easy solutions available, but often unknown Physical ergonomics design quality tends to improve Cognitive ergonomics design should be in focus for HSI OSH key issues for control room design solutions go beyond office design operator task centred individual components HSI design early in the planning or design stage 13

14 OSH through design of human-system interaction Human-System Interaction Field studies wwdse in control centres Simulation studies in VR human information processing safety concepts accident prevention in use context prospective risk assessments More take home messages [Pictures: IFA, GAWO, Nickel] 14

15 Safety and Usability through Applications in Virtual Environments VR/Usability-Lab at IFA Analysis, design, evaluation of HSI (simulation tool and test bed) [OSH training environment] [Pictures: IFA] Safety at Work

16 SUTAVE Human information processing Variations in work systems design solutions and investigation of Human-System interaction investigate human information processing requirements and support identify impact on OSH and human performance [Photo: IFA] 16

17 Safety aspects in Human-Robot-Interaction (IFA5115) Simulate future work places and work processes Cognitive ergonomics requirements on HRC Impact of speed, distance and trajectory of robot on human performance [Photo: Naber/IFA] [Picture: IFA] 17

18 SUTAVE Safety concepts Development and evaluation of product safety and ergonomics with users in the context of use reduce time and effort for setup in reality and for investigations at the shop floor level prevent OSH impairments by early testing solutions for safety protection [Picture: IFA] 18

19 Protection from hazards/risks from machinery (IFA5116) Personal protective safety equipment (PPSE) Design and perception of 3D protection areas Safety distances like with twodimensional protective fields Optimisation of protection areas Information sheet of BGHM geometry of protective area warning area [Pictures: IFA] floor marking 19

20 SUTAVE Accident prevention in the context of use Investigation of HSI in hazardous situations without endangering humans investigate usability and acceptance of safety measures reduce incentives for defeating safety devices identify potential causes of accidents [Photo: Nickel/IFA] 20

21 Safer work with elevating work platforms (IFA5118) Built-in supplementary protective measure in context of use Usability and acceptance before bringing into market Recommendations for redesign: type of control, initiation force Post-hoc accident analysis [Photo: Naber/IFA] [Picture: IFA] 21

22 SUTAVE Prospective risk assessments Assessments of future machinery and work processes over the life cycle with interdisciplinary teams prevent accidents by reduction of hazards and risks during planning stage reduce risks for construction, use and maintenance avoid cost-intensive corrections [Picture: IFA and FVT] 22

23 OSH prevention with virtual river lock (IFA5122/IFA5135) River locks treated as machinery Risk assessment according to Machinery Directive Construction, use, maintenance VR planning model for risk assessment?! analyse, assess, reduce OSH for lock standardisation [Pictures: ANH] [Photo: Lungfiel/IFA] [Pictures: IFA and FVT] 23

24 OSH through design of human-system interaction Human-System Interaction Field studies wwdse in control centres Simulation studies in VR human information processing safety concepts accident prevention in use context prospective risk assessments More take home messages [Pictures: IFA, GAWO, Nickel] 24

25 More take home messages VR for training and systems design VR for OSH prevention in early stages VR for virtual design and evaluation of HSI cognitive design issues Human-Safety-Technology wwdse in CC: Initial knowledge-base on cognitive ergonomics in design More best practice for (re-)design of CC (ergonomics, design for HSI) Yesterday Today Tomorrow Cognitive ergonomics design in HSI to efficiently apply new technologies 25

26 Thank you very much for your attention! Thank you to the initiators of the projects, project partners, participants and colleagues from IFA Information on Human-System interaction at Information on VR at [Pictures: IFA, GAWO, Nickel] 26

27 wwdse in control centres Simulation studies on HSI in control centre operations Task and interface design in process control operations Operator work documents in process control operations Human-Automation-Interaction Alarm management [>Photos: Nickel // Pictures: GAWO e.v.] 27

28 wwdse in CC (IFA5112) Results Design Quality 20 % range of variation across all work places (27) and items (274) 20% Relative frequencies [%] minimal requirements not fulfilled fulfilled well fulfilled Work places in Control Centres 28

29 wwdse in CC (IFA5112) Results Design Quality (wp) Relative frequencies [%] large-scale displays, primary information in line of vision large-scale displays, marginal head movement only for secondary information minimal requirements not fulfilled fulfilled well fulfilled Checklist Items on Work Place Design 29

30 wwdse in CC (IFA5112) Results Design Quality (wp) Relative frequencies [%] monitor too high stacked monitors: too high stacked monitors: variation in viewing distance stacked monitors: frequent use of upper line minimal requirements not fulfilled fulfilled well fulfilled Checklist Items on Work Place Design 30

31 wwdse in CC (IFA5112) Results Design Quality (hmc) Relative frequencies [%] Character design with no risk of confusion minimal requirements not fulfilled fulfilled well fulfilled Checklist Items on Human Machine Communication 31

32 wwdse in CC (IFA5112) Results Design Quality (hmc) Relative frequencies [%] Contrast (i.e. for colours) too low Character size too small minimal requirements not fulfilled fulfilled well fulfilled Checklist Items on Human Machine Communication 32

33 OSH through design in virtual reality simulation? (IFA5110) Reduce effort and improve OSH at work by VR application Setting up VR application and HSI? How real is virtual reality? compatible: perception of size, depth, colours, human behaviour and performance [Photo: Nickel/IFA] fine grained differences compatibility scenario detail [Pictures: IFA] 33