Ergonomics. Spring Máté Köles, Dalma Geszten, Bálint Szabó, Kata Kapusy, Áron Tóth, Eszter Józsa, Márk Pulay, Dávid Boros, Dr.

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1 Ergonomics Spring 2018 Máté Köles, Dalma Geszten, Bálint Szabó, Kata Kapusy, Áron Tóth, Eszter Józsa, Márk Pulay, Dávid Boros, Dr. Sarolta Tóvölgyi

2 Course requirements A written exam and an Assignment (homework) Mark: 50% written exam 50% assignment Course homepage: (Moodle) Written exam Some test questions (a, b, c or d) Questions requiring short answers (1-2 paragraphs and/or drawing) Have to reach at least 40% of maximum points to pass

3 Course requirements Assignment (homework) Done individually or in pairs You should aim for 2-3 pages. If needed for reasons of clarity (additional screenshots or pictures of the flat) it can exceed these page limits 4 topics to choose from: 1. Evaluation of a flat s room from ergonomic aspects 2. Evaluation of a workroom (e.g. classroom) from ergonomic aspects 3. Evaluation of a website from ergonomic aspects 4. Any other ergonomics related topic you can think of (consult with me first!!) Exactly the same topic can only be done by one pair or a single individual: (link also in syllabus on Moodle) Deadline: 1 May 2018 via tovolgyi@erg.bme.hu

4 Course Overview

5 Psychology and Ergonomics

6 Human-Computer Interaction evaluation

7 Human-Computer Interaction: advanced methods and hands-on experience

8 Human-Computer Interaction: Eye-tracking

9 Shopping experience

10 Product experience and gamification

11 Human-Computer Interaction: Design Thinking

12 Special users / Design for All

13 Office ergonomics

14 Case study in the field of ergonomics

15 Topics You will hear about Human psychological phenomena and ergonomics (memory capacity, attention span) [1] Human-Computer Interaction [4] In-store ergonomics. Shopping and design [1] Product experience and gamification [1] Design for all and accessibility. Design for handicaps [1] Office ergonomics [1] Case study in the field of ergonomics [1] You will not hear about Industrial ergonomics Anthropometric design and physical tool evaluation Human factors of safety (evaluation of disasters) Tom Hardy

16 The concept of Ergonomics

17 The concept of Ergonomics ergos (work) + nomos (laws) = ergonomics 19th century, Wojciech Jastrzebowski Ergonomics = Human Factors Human Factors, Human Engineering, Human Factors Engineering, Man-Machine Engineering, Human-Machine Interface (HMI) Engineering, Human-Machine Interaction Design, Human Centered Design, Usability Engineering, etc.

18 Ergonomics, as an interdisciplinary field Ergonomics has a broad interpretation: human centered technological development, is the science and practice of developing Man-Machine Systems, is not limited to working activity, is not limited to the ergonomics of scales, handles and pedals either, is interdisciplinary science and practice Therefore the complex subject of ergonomics can only be understood and practiced successfully on the basis of approaches from different directions

19 A definition of Ergonomics Sanders and McCormick (1993): Human factors" (ergonomics) discovers and applies information about human behavior, abilities, limitations and other characteristics to the design of tools, machines, systems, tasks, jobs, and environments for safe, comfortable, and efficient human use.

20 The goals of Ergonomics The three main optimizational goals of ergonomics: Safety Comfort Efficiency

21 The history of Ergonomics

22 The history of Ergonomics The birth of Ergonomics (Ergonomics of scales and handles )

23 1. Ergonomics of scales and handles World War II: at least 400 aircraft losses due to bad cockpit design (mostly due to upgrades during the war) Engineering Psychology labs are established Research is focused on designing the best interface based on anthropometric data and a few sensory thresholds Next big boost: space race Handle design checklist

24 The history of Ergonomics System Ergonomics, Production systems The birth of Ergonomics (Ergonomics of scales and handles) The birth of Ergonomics (Ergonomics of scales and handles)

25 2. System ergonomics (industrial ergonomics) Corporations discover ergonomics Optimization of tools, work processes and the environment itself lead to increased efficiency, safety and comfort Everything designed for the average user Research is focused on whole systems not only handles manmachine system optimization Ergonomics breaks free of exclusive military founding

26 The history of Ergonomics Product Ergonomics System Ergonomics, Production systems The birth of Ergonomics (Ergonomics of scales and handles) The birth of Ergonomics (Ergonomics of scales and handles)

27 3. Product Ergonomics The ergonomic approach spreads to other areas: education, sports, transportation The product itself is in the center of attention Products are not only designed for a hypothetical average user diversification starts to happen user groups (rich, poor, disabled, gender, ethnicity)

28 The history of Ergonomics Cognitive Ergonomics Product Ergonomics System Ergonomics, Production systems The birth of Ergonomics (Ergonomics of scales and handles) The birth of Ergonomics (Ergonomics of scales and handles)

29 4. Cognitive Ergonomics Catastrophes that were caused by human error: Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, Challenger Personal Computers become common software ergonomics The focus of research is similar to that of scales and handles, but this time the most important aspects of interface design are cognitive factors (e.g. memory and attention span) not sensorimotoric properties

30 The history of Ergonomics extended UX Cognitive Ergonomics Product Ergonomics System Ergonomics, Production systems The birth of Ergonomics (Ergonomics of scales and handles)

31 ?5.? User Experience Emotional response comes first in every situation (read at: Zajonc). If that first emotion if good, more likely the customer will buy our product.

32 Human-Machine System analysis

33 Human-Machine System analysis Human subsystem Technical subsystem Motivational and emotional characteristics Cognitive characteristics: Memory, thinking, etc. Perceptual characteristics: Vision, hearing, touch, etc. Physiological characteristics: Muscle power Body dimensions: Arm, trunk, leg, head, etc. Motivational and emotional requirements Cognitive requirements: Memory, thinking, etc. Perceptual requirements: Vision, hearing, touch, etc. Physiological requirements: Muscle power Control sizes, distances: Handle, pedal, buttons, etc. User Interface

34 Human-Machine Systems A HMS always has a human subsystem, a technical subsystem, and a user interface(ui). These subsystems can further be divided into smaller and even smaller elements as necessary depending on the particular aim of the analysis. If the human subsystem and the technical subsystem are not compatible, the particular activity may not be safe, comfortable and efficient and therefore the user may experience increased stress (more about stress in a later lecture)

35 The User Interface The user interface (UI) is the machine as the human perceives it- GARDINER &CHRISTIE (1987) The user gets into touch with the perceptible surface of the machine and creates a general judgement about the whole system based only on this perceptible surface. Therefore the same technical equipment/device/tool etc. may appear differently for different users. As a consequence of learning during usage the perceived quality of the same UI may change even within the same person

36 Thanks for your attention