Demographics for Program Planning at YMCA Facilities: An Analysis of Selected 1980 Census Data

Transcription

1 University of Nebraska at Omaha Publications Archives, Center for Public Affairs Research Summer 1982 Demographics for Program Planning at YMCA Facilities: An Analysis of Selected 1980 Census Data David R. DiMartino University of Nebraska at Omaha Follow this and additional works at: Part of the Demography, Population, and Ecology Commons, and the Public Affairs Commons Recommended Citation DiMartino, David R., "Demographics for Program Planning at YMCA Facilities: An Analysis of Selected 1980 Census Data" (1982). Publications Archives, This Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Public Affairs Research at It has been accepted for inclusion in Publications Archives, by an authorized administrator of For more information, please contact

2 DEMOGRAPHICS FOR PROGRAM PLANNING AT YMCA FACILITIES: AN ANALYSIS OF SELECTED 1980 CENSUS DATA Summer, 1982 by David R. DiMartino senior Research Associate ~~u~ Center for Applied Urban Research University of Nebraska at Omaha The University of Nebraska-An Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Educational Institution

3 Acknowledgements Rebecca Fahrlander and Tim Himberger assisted with the research for this project. Peggy Hein was the cartographer and also assisted with the research. Marian Meier edited the report and Joyce Carson typed it. i

4 Table of Contents Acknowledgements i Page List of Tables... iii List of Maps... iv Study Areas and Data Analyzed Population Change, 1970 to County/City Changes.. Change by YMCA Branch Areas. Change by Census Tract. Race and Ethnicity... Race and Ethnicity by City/County. White. Non-white. Black Indian. Hispanic. Race and Ethnicity by YMCA Branch Areas. White. Non-white. Black Indian. Hispanic Race and Ethnicity by Census Tracts. White.... Non-white. Black Indian. Hispanic Sex Composition City/County Composition. YMCA Composition Composition by Census Tracts. Age Composition..... Age Cohorts 5 to 13 and 14 to 18. Age Cohort 19 to 34. Age Cohort 35 to 44. Age Cohort 45 to 64. Household Change, Household Composition Summary Postscript II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II 25 ii

5 List of Tables Table Page 1 Population, Population Change, Race and Ethnicity by YMCA Branch Areas Population Change in Douglas County by Census Tract, The Population of Douglas County by Census Tract, Population by Sex and Selected Age Groups by YMCA Branch Areas Population by Sex and Selected Age Groups by Census Tract A Household Change, 1970 to 1980, by YMCA Branch Areas B Household Change and Composition by Components of Omaha Metropolitan Area Household Change, , by Census Tract 34 8 Number and Percent of "One-parent" Households by YMCA Branch Areas Number and Percent of "One-parent" Households by Census Tracts iii

6 List of Maps Map Page 1 YMCA Branch Areas Douglas County Census Tracts and Omaha City Limits Population Change in Douglas County, by Census Tract, A. Population Gain by Census Tract Population Change in Douglas County, by Census Tract, B. Population Loss by Census Tract Percent Population Change in Douglas County by Census Tract, A. Percent Population Gain by Census Tract Percent Population Change in Douglas County by Census Tract, B. Percent Population Loss by Census Tract Percent Population Change Due to Natural Increase, by Census Tract, Percent Population Change Due to Residential Mobility by Census Tract, A. Percent Population Gain Due to Residential Mobility Percent Population Change Due to Residential Mobility by Census Tract, B. Percent Population Loss Due to Residential Mobility Minority Populations in Douglas County, by Census Tract, 1980 A. Percent Non-white Minority Populations in Douglas County, by Census Tract, 1980 B. Percent Black Minority Populations in Douglas County, by Census Tract, 1980 c. Percent Indian Minority Populations in Douglas County, by Census Tract, 1980 D. Percent Hispanic iv

7 List of Maps - Continued Map Page SA 8B SC Females as a Percent of Total Population by Census Tract Females Aged 5 to 13 Years As a Percent of All 5 to 13 Year Olds 52 Females Aged 14 to 18 Years As a Percent of All 14 to 18 Year Olds. 53 9A Persons Age 5 to 13 As a Percent of Total Population by Census Tract B Persons Age 14 to 18 As Percent of Total Population C Persons Age 19 to 34 As Percent of Total Population D Persons Age 35 to 44 As Percent of Total Population E Persons Age 45 to 64 As Percent of Total Population Household Change in Douglas County by Census Tract, A. Percent Population Gain Household Change in Douglas Count; by Census Tract, B. Percent Household Loss. lla llb "One Parent Households" (Households with Children and Adul But No Spouse Present), As a Percent of All Households wit by Census Tract "One Parent Households with Female Householder" (Households with Children and Female Householder But No Husband Present), As a Percent of All Households with Children, by Census Tract v

8 1 The 1980 Census of Population and Housing provides a data base that administrators and planners can use to assess the current status of their organizations and plan for the future. This report examines selected census data for the Omaha YMCA (Young Men's Christian Association). 1 The demographic information should assist the YMCA in planning for program offerings at each of its six facilities (or branches) in Douglas and Pottawattamie Counties. Study Areas and Data Analyzed The areas examined in this report include Douglas County census tracts, YMCA branch areas, and components of the Omaha SMSA. 2 The YMCA branch areas were created by grouping census tracts around each facility, using the Thiesson Polygon method. 3 The assumption was that YMCA members 1 Data presently available from the 1980 Census of Population and Housing consist of the 100 percent count data--information requested of all Americans. Additional sample count data are scheduled for release during autumn, The Census Bureau designates the demographic/economic area around each urban center of 50,000 or more residents as a Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA). It does so in order to give an accurate portrayal of the socio-economic trends associated with these areas. The Omaha SMSA encompasses a three county area including two Nebraska counties (Douglas and Sarpy) and one Iowa county (Pottawattamie). 3 Thiessen polygons are polygonal areas constructed by connecting each pair of points (facilities) with a shortestdistance line, vertically bisecting the connecting lines, extending the verticle bisectors to where they meet other bisectors (usually in threes), and adapting as market area boundaries the intersecting bisector lines. In this case, boundaries were constructed by grouping census tracts so that the branch areas were delineated by those census tract boundaries which most closely approximated the intersecting bisectors.

9 2 would use the facility closest to their places of residence. Thus, the market areas of YMCA branches are defined as mutually-exclusive groups of census tracts centered on each facility. (Map 1 demonstrates the dimensions of the YMCA branch areas, and Map 2 displays the census tracts.) The data analyzed are arrayed by census tracts, YMCA branch areas (aggregated census tracts), and parts of the Omaha SMSA. In addition to the tabular arrays, data are also displayed by tract on maps of Douglas County in order to demonstrate the distributional nature of the variables examined. Population Change, 1970 to 1980 County/City Changes The Omaha SMSA (Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area) gained nearly 30,000 residents from 1970 to 1980, a 5 percent population increase. Among the three SMSA counties, Sarpy County experienced the greatest numerical and percentage gains, 19,815 persons and 29.9 percent, respectively. Douglas County was second with an increase of 7,583 residents, a 1.9 percent increase. Pottawattamie County, by contrast, experienced a loss of 430 residents for a decrease of ~ of 1 percent. Though Douglas and Sarpy Counties each gained population during the 1970's, the City of Omaha lost 32,674 residents, or 9.4 percent of its population. Much of that population loss was due to the movement of residents southward and westward to locations outside the city limits. (Subsequently, the city has annexed areas and thus has added

10 3 residents to the city population.) The population losses experienced by Council Bluffs were even greater than those of Pottawattamie County as a whole. Council Bluffs lost 3,899 people or 6.5 percent of its residents during the decade. Change by YMCA Branch Areas Examination of population change for YMCA branch areas demonstrated a clear difference between the eastern and western areas during the decade. (See Table l.) Sizeable population decreases occurred in the branch areas of eastern Douglas County. The loss areas, in decreasing order, were the Downtown, North and Miller Park areas. By contrast, relative stability was the rule in adjacent branch areas to the east and west; that is, the Council Bluffs branch area experienced a modest loss, and the West branch area experienced a modest gain. Change in the west branch area was split (see Maps 3 and 4), with gain in the area's northwest section but loss to the southeast. Meanwhile, sizeable gains occurred in the South-southwest branch area and in the remainder of Douglas County to the west. Areas with the greatest numerical change in population during the 1970's were not necessarily those with the greatest rate of change. 1 While the South-southwest branch area experienced the greatest absolute increase in popula- 1 nifferences in the number and percent of change among census tracts are, in part, dependent upon their physical size and upon the population base of the tract in 1970.

11 4 tion during the decade, the remainder of the county west of the branch percent). areas had the greatest relative increase (100 Similarly, the greatest numerical population loss occurred in the Downtown branch area, but the greatest relative loss was in the North area. Change by Census Tract A closer examination of population change by census tract across Douglas County demonstrated that changes were complex and variable (Table 2 and Maps 3 and 4). Of the 105 census tracts in Douglas County, 27 gained population while 78 lost. All but one of the losing census tracts (Census Tract with Boys Town) were within the city limits while gaining census tracts were both within and outside. (See Maps 2, 3, and 4.) Numerically, tracts with the largest population gains (5,000 or more people per census tract) in Douglas County were concentrated west of 96th Street, particularly to the west and southwest of Omaha. (See Map 3.) The greatest percentage gains (100 percent or more, a doubling of the population) covered much of the same area but included areas farther north (Census Tract ) and northeast (Census Tract 73.04) and extended less westerly (excluding Census Tract 75 in the western part of the county). (See Map 4.) The most dramatic population increases occurred, therefore, in the areas immediately west, southwest, and northwest of the city, areas of relatively recent suburbanization. The pattern of population losses across Douglas County was somewhat more variable for the decade. (See Maps 3 and

12 5 4.) Numerically, census tracts with losses of 1,000 or more were all located east of 96th Street, and all but four were located east of 72 Street and north of Pacific Street (exceptions being three tracts in south Omaha and one in southwest Omaha). The greatest population losses by tract occurred in Census Tracts 5, 8, and 60 in northeast Omaha and Census Tract in southwest Omaha. The losses in northeast Omaha were due to overall population losses, including whole households. The losses in southwest Omaha were attributable to the aging of households in older suburbs with the departure of young people but the continued residency of older persons. The greatest percentage losses in population (50 percent or more, a halving of the population) occurred in three distinct areas--northeast of Carter Lake (Census Tract 5), north of the Central Business District (Census Tracts 11, 13.01, and 15), and within the commercial/industrial belt south of Interstate 80 in southwest Omaha (Census Tract 74.10). These were each areas of population displacement, in part, due to non-residential land use development. Population losses by census tract of 25 to 50 percent occurred predominantly along a diagonal area extending southeast to northwest from the vicinity of Interstate 80 as it crosses the Missouri River to Fort Street between Florence Boulevard and 48th Street. In general, the pattern of total population change by census tract in Douglas County during the 1970's demonstrated losses in the east and gains in the west. (See

13 6 Table 2 and Maps 3 and 4.) By contrast, the pattern due to natural change alone (computed from birth and death records unadjusted for tract boundary changes) showed gains in nearly all census tracts (95 of 104) across the county. (See Table 2 and Map 5.) The pattern of population change due to residential mobility (including relocations within the county and moves into or out of it) demonstrates an east-to-west pattern similar to total population change but with greater losses over a greater number of census tracts. (See Table 2 and Map 6.) Race and Ethnicity The 1980 Census asked respondents to identify themselves by race and also whether they were of Spanish origin. Classification of responses resulted in the formulation of the racial categories: White, Black, Indian/ Eskimo/Aleut, Asian/Pacific Islander, and "other." Persons of Spanish origin were subcategorized by their place of ancestry (such as Mexican), but only the general category is examined in this report. Race and Ethnicity by City/County White. White residents constituted 88 percent of the Douglas County and 99 percent of Pottawattamie County residents in 1980 (compared to 95 percent in Nebraska 83 percent in the U.s.) (See Tables 1 and 3.) Whites decreased as a proportion of the total population in both Omaha and Douglas County between 1970 and Omaha's white population experienced a 14 percent loss and Douglas County whites a 0.8 percent loss.

14 7 Non-white. Non-whites constituted 12 percent of Douglas County residents but only 2 percent of Pottawattamie County residents in This compares to a 5 percent non-white population in Nebraska and 17 percent in the U.S. as a whole. (See Tables 1 and 3.) Douglas County had 71 percent of the state's non-whites, and two-thirds of all non-whites in Nebraska lived in Omaha. Non-whites increased as a proportion of the total population in both the city and county during the 1970's with Omaha's increasing by 24 percent and Douglas County's by 31 percent. These rates compare to a 35 percent gain in nonwhites for Nebraska as a whole. Black. Blacks were the largest of the non-white groups in the Omaha area in Blacks constituted 10 percent of Douglas County residents but only 0.5 percent of Pottawattamie County's population in (See Tables 1 and 3.) In Nebraska as a whole, blacks totaled only 3 percent of the population. tion in the state with Omaha had the greatest concentra- 78 percent of the total black population. Blacks increased as a proportion of the total population in both Omaha and Douglas County during the 1970's but less dramatically than all non-whites. Omaha's black population increased 10 percent and Douglas County's 15 percent. These rates compare to a 21 percent gain in blacks for Nebraska as a whole. Indian. The American Indian population in Omaha area counties was relatively small as a proportion of the total

15 8 in 1980 (0.5 percent in Douglas County and 0.2 percent in Pottawattamie County} but was comparable to the proportion in the state and nation (both 0.6 percent}. (See Tables 1 and 3.} Even so, Omaha had 20 percent of all American Indians in the state, and Douglas County had 21 percent of the Nebraska total. population showed Perhaps more importantly, the Indian dramatic increases during the decade, increasing 58 percent in Omaha and 63 percent in Douglas County, as opposed to 39 percent in Nebraska as a whole. Hispanic. Persons of Spanish origin (Hispanics} constituted 2 percent of the Douglas county population but 1 percent of Pottawattamie County residents in This compares to 2 percent in Nebraska, and 6 percent for the United States as a whole. (See Tables 1 and 3.) Over onequarter of all Hispanics in Nebraska were living in Omaha, and Douglas County had 29 percent of this ethnic group. During the 1970's, Hispanics increased as a proportion of the total population in both Omaha and Douglas County as did other minorities. Omaha's Hispanics increased by 13 percent, and Hispanics in Douglas County by 17 percent. This compares to a 35 percent gain in Nebraska and a 6 percent gain in the United States as a whole. Race and Ethnicity by YMCA Branch Areas Whites. Whites constituted a majority of residents in all but one YMCA branch area, the exception being the North branch area. (See Table 1.} They comprised greater than 90 percent of all residents in five of the seven areas examined, the exceptions being the North (22 percent white}

16 9 and Miller Park (73 percent white) areas. Non-white. Non-whites constituted over three-quarters of residents (78 percent) in the North branch area, approximately one-quarter of residents (27 percent) in the Miller Park area, less than 10 percent of the Downtown and West areas, and only 2 percent or less in the remaining areas. Black. Blacks were the largest of the non-white subgroups and were clearly concentrated in the North and Miller Park branch areas (76 and 25 percent, respectively). Indian. American Indians were a far less numerous racial subgroup and were most frequently found living in the North, Downtown, and Miller Park areas (approximately 1 percent of the population in each area). Hispanic. Persons of Spanish origin also make up a relatively small ethnic group in Omaha and Council Bluffs. The Downtown branch area had the greatest number and percentage, with over 5,000 persons and 5 percent of the population. The next highest concentration of persons of Spanish origin, 2 percent, occurred in the North, Miller Park, and Council Bluffs branch areas. In the remaining areas 1 percent or less were of Spanish origin. Race and Ethnicity by Census Tracts A closer examination of minorities by census tract in Douglas County demonstrated substantial areal variations in race and ethnicity (Table 3 and Maps 7A through 7D). White. Whites continued to constitute a majority of residents in 90 of the 105 census tracts (86 percent) in Douglas County; the 15 census tracts where whites were not a

17 10 majority were located in northeast Omaha. (See Map 7A.) Non-white. Non-whites were highly concentrated within relatively few Omaha/Douglas County census tracts. While the proportion of non-whites per census tract ranged widely from 0.0 percent (in Census Tract 74.10) to 97 percent (in Census Tract 10), 92 percent of all non-whites in Douglas County were located east of 72nd Street in (See Map 7A.) Nearly half (47 percent) of Omaha's non-whites and 44 percent of Douglas County's non-whites resided within the 15 census tracts in northeast Omaha where a majority of residents were non-white. Black. The distribution of blacks in Omaha/Douglas County paralleled that for non-whites, since blacks constituted 83 percent of all non-whites in Omaha/Douglas County. (See Map 7B.) The black population, however, was even more concentrated within a relatively few census tracts than were all non-whites. A full 95 percent of blacks lived east of 72nd Street, and 55 percent of Omaha's blacks and 53 percent of Douglas County's lived within the 15 census tracts with a majority of their populations non-white. Indian. The American Indian population was less concentrated than other racial minorities in Omaha and Douglas County. While 83 percent of American Indians were located east of 72nd Street, only one census tract had as many as 5 percent of its population identified as American Indian (Census Tract 14 with 8 percent). (See Map 7C.) Hispanic. Hispanics were less concentrated in specific subareas of Omaha/Douglas County than were the

18 11 racial minorities in however, Hispanics were relatively more concentrated in southeast Omaha. (See Map 7D.) Compared to the racial minorities, a smaller proportion (79 percent) lived east of 72nd Street. One-fourth of Douglas County's Hispanics were located within the five contiguous census tracts in the southeast corner of the county and 43 percent within 12 contiguous census tracts in that location. Sex Composition The balance between males and females in a population is measured most typically as either the population's "sex ratio," or as the proportion of one sex compared to the total population (for example, percent female). The proportional measure is used here in examining the balance between males and females. The data are presented in Tables 4 and 5 and displayed areally on Map SA. The number of people of one sex as a percentage of the total population need not vary greatly from the balance point of 50.0 percent to yield considerable numerical imbalances. The numerical magnitude of a single percentage point difference in sex composition (for example, 51 percent female) will depend, of course, on the size of the base population and may involve thousands more females than males in a given area. Nevertheless, the examination of sex composition using females as a percentage of the total population is most useful for comparative purposes. City/County composition Females normally outnumber males in the populations of relatively large areas. However, in a mobile society the

19 12 balance of females to males for relatively small areas can vary significantly because of a variety of social and economic conditions. In the three-county Omaha SMSA females comprised 51.7 percent of the total population for a net balance of 18,614 more females than males. Douglas and Pottawattamie Counties had more females than males in 1980 and had nearly the same proportion of females, 52.1 and 51.9 percent, respectively. However, due to differences in size, population, and economic base, Douglas County had 16,676 more females than males while Pottawattamie County had 3,303 more. Sarpy County atypically had 1,365 more males (50.8 percent of the population) due to the presence of Offutt Air Force Base. YMCA Composition The relatively smaller YMCA branch areas exhibited relatively greater differences in females as a percent of the total population. (See Table 4.) While all YMCA branch areas contained more females than males, the North area had the greatest proportion of females, nearly 54 percent. The West, Council Bluffs, Downtown, and Miller Park areas contained nearly as great a proportion of females, at or near 53 percent. By contrast, the South-southwest branch area and the remainder of Douglas County (the suburbs and beyond) included a more nearly equal balance of females and males, or approximately 50 percent of each. Thus, the sex composition of YMCA branch areas was more nearly balanced in the more westerly and easterly (Council Bluffs) branch areas, and less well balanced in the central locations.

20 13 Composition by Census Tract Differences in the percentage of females among the significantly smaller census tracts of Douglas County demonstrated considerably more variations. Three distinct areas of the county stood out as having an atypical minority of female residents in 19SO, less than 49 percent female (the line patterns on Map SA). These included the Central Business District and adjacent area, the sparsely populated Southwest industrial tract (Census Tract 74.10), and to a lesser extent an area of North-central Omaha south of I-6SO (Census Tract 73.04). A near balance of males and females, 49 to 51 percent female, dominated the census tracts at the northern, western, and southern margins of the city and beyond (the tracts with no patterning on Map SA). These were predominantly the newer suburban areas of the county in 19SO, and represent a greater proportion of married couples with families. Most census tracts lying within the city of Omaha contained a majority of females (52 or more percent) in In particular, several areas of the central city contained a markedly greater proportion of females (56 percent or more) (the denser dot pattern on Map SA). These were in the areas of North Omaha east and south of Adams Park (Census Tracts 10 and 52), southeast of the main Mutual of Omaha office complex (Census Tract 40), in Dundee east of Memorial Park (Census Tract 4S), and near the University of Nebraska Medical Center (Census Tracts 43 and 44).

21 14 Maps 8B and 8C are included in this report to demonstrate the fact that sex composition may vary substantially among age groups for specific areas. The age groups displayed include school age populations, significant users of YMCA programs. Within these school age groups greater numbers of tracts with majorities of male residents were found. The existence of a male majority at younger ages reflects such varied factors as improved post-natal health care experienced by these young males and their pre-military service ages. Age Composition The most widely used overview figure of age composition is median age--the midpoint age, that is, the point at which half the population is younger and half is older. The median age of the population living in the three-county Omaha SMSA was 28.3 in 1980 (2.5 years older than in 1970). Sarpy County, which includes the Offutt and Capehart areas, had the youngest of the three county populations in 1980 with a median age of Douglas County had the next oldest population with a median age of 28.7, and Pottawattamie County had the oldest population, with a median of The cities of Omaha and Council Bluffs had relatively older and comparable median ages, 29.4 and 29.1, respectively. In addition to median age, the proportion of the population within various age groups or cohorts (such as high schoolers, young adults, elderly, etc.) can be used to describe the age composition of a population. Knowledge of

22 15 age composition, in turn, can assist in planning for an organization's program offerings. Age Cohorts 5 to 13 and 14 to 18 Douglas and Pottawattamie Counties had comparable proportions of school age children in their populations in (See Table 4.) Douglas County school age population included 14 percent in the 5 to 13 age cohort and 9 percent in the 14 to 18 age cohort. Pottawattamie County's school age population included 15 percent of the total in the 5 to 13 age cohort and 10 percent in the 14 to 18 cohort. Examination of the proportion of school age children in the several YMCA branch areas demonstrated only moderate variation among areas. (See Table 4.) The 5 to 13 year old age cohort as a proportion of total population was largest in 1980 in the South-southwest area (18 percent), and nearly as large in both the North area and the remainder of Douglas County north and west of Omaha (17 percent each). The 5 to 13 year old group by contrast constituted the smallest proportion of the population in the Downtown branch area (10 percent), which includes South Omaha. The 14 to 18 year old age cohort comprised a more uniform proportion of the populations in branch areas, though this group was proportionally greatest in the North area (11 percent) and smallest in the Downtown area (8 percent). Examination of the school age population among the relatively smaller census tracts for 1980 yielded even greater variations by area. (See Table 5 and Maps 9A and 9B.) The greatest concentration of 5 to 13 year olds as a

23 16 proportion of the total population (more than 20 percent) occurred in sections of North Omaha and the southwest suburbs. The smallest percentages of 5 to 13 year olds (5 percent or less) occurred in census tracts within and west of the Central Business District. The 14 to 18 year old cohort was far more evenly distributed as a proportion of the total population in 1980 than were the younger school age children. (See Map 9B.) Except for the two areas of highest concentration of 14 to 18 year olds (one northwest of downtown corresponding to the Creighton University area, and the other Boys Town in Census Tract 74.05), relatively greater concentrations of 14 to 18 year olds (11 to 15 percent) occurred in sections of North Omaha, the older suburbs of southwest Omaha and Millard, and a section of northern Douglas County around and north of I-680. Most other areas had 6 to 10 percent of their populations in the 14 to 18 age cohort. Very few had 5 percent or less in this range. These were within and west of the Central Business District and an area northwest of I-680 (no patterning on Map 9B). Age Cohort 19 to 34 Douglas County had a somewhat greater proportion (29 percent) of persons in the 19 to 34 age group than did Pottawattamie County (25 percent) in (This age group includes persons born from 1946 to 1961, the so-called baby boom generation.) This may be attributable, in part, to greater opportunities for early career development in Omaha, particularly in white-collar occupations. (See Table 4.)

24 17 The proportion of 19 to 34 year olds among YMCA branch areas was greatest (32 percent) in the Downtown area, including south Omaha. (See Table 4.) Proportions were nearly as great (30 percent) in the West and South-southwest areas where young professionals and/or young families reside. The 19 to 34 age group was the smallest proportion of the total population (approximately 25 percent) in the North and Miller Park office areas. Closer examination of the 19 to 34 age cohort by census tract showed three areas of particularly significant concentration, 40 percent or more. (See Table 5 and Map 9C.) The first was an area west-northwest of downtown, an area of young white-collar residents which includes Creighton University, Mutual of Omaha headquarters, and many multiplefamily housing units. The second area was a recently developed tract northwest of I-680 with young families, relatively higher concentrations of apartment structures, and relatively fewer teenagers. The third includes an area of relatively recent young families and relatively recent development west of Ralston and south and east of I-80. Conversely, a sizeable area of relatively smaller proportion of 19 to 34 year olds (20 percent or less) was found north of the industrial tract (Census Tract 74.10) astride I-80. This area includes the Regency development (Census Tract 67.02) and other well-established, relatively expensive residences with housing costs out of reach of most young career people. Additional areas of low concentration of 19 to 34 year olds included Boys Town (Census Tract

25 ) and several census tracts in North Omaha. Age Cohort 35 to 44 Age cohort 35 to 44 constituted approximately the same proportion (around 10 percent) of the populations in Douglas and Pottawattamie Counties as did the 14 to 18 age group. (See Table 4.) Part of the explanation for the relatively smaller size of the older group is that these people were born during the period of the world depression and World War II ( ), a time of lower birth rates. This age group (like the teenage group) exhibited a relatively narrow range of variation by YMCA branch areas. (See Table 4.) The greatest proportions of age cohort 35 to 44 occurred in the South-southwest branch area and in the remainder of Douglas County (each at 14 percent of these populations). These people represent families with older children in newer suburban housing areas. portions of this age group occurred The smallest proin the North and Downtown areas (each constituting 8 percent of these populations). By census tract, 35 to 44 age cohort was generally less represented (10 percent or less of the populations) east of 72nd Stre~t and more concentrated (11 percent or more) west of 72nd Street, particularly in the suburbs southwest of Omaha (16 percent or more). (See Table 5 and Map 9D). Age Cohort 45 to 64 Age cohort 45 to 64 traditionally include those persons who may have well-developed careers, have raised families, and may be moving toward retirement. Douglas and Pottawat-

26 19 tamie Counties had comparable proportions of their populations in this age group, 18 and 20 percent, respectively. (See Table 4.) Though variations were small in the percentages of this age group among branch areas (as with the 14 to 18 age group), the greatest percentages occurred in the Downtown, West, and Council Bluffs areas ( 20 percent). (See Table 4.) The smallest percentages were found in the south-southwest area (16 percent) and in the remainder of Douglas County (17 percent). Age cohort 45 to 64 as a percentage of the total population varied more widely by census tract across Douglas County than did other age groups. (See Table 5 and Map 9E.) Census tracts with the largest of these concentrations (26 to 30 percent) included part of east Omaha, a small area west of the Central Business District, another northwest of the Stockyards, one east of Hillcrest Cemetery, the industrial tract (Census Tract 74.10), and an extensive area of older suburbs between Dodge and Center and 72nd and 120th Streets. Other than a single tract northwest of downtown (Census Tract 16) and Boys Town (Census Tract 74.05), the smallest proportions of this age group (6 to 10 percent) occurred in an arc of suburban tracts west and southwest of Omaha which includes new housing and young families. Household Change, An additional consideration useful for program planning is the number and character of households. The Omaha SMSA gained over 38,000 households from 1970 to 1980, a 23 per-

27 20 cent increase (far greater than the 5 percent gain in population over the decade). Among the three SMSA counties, Douglas experienced the greatest numerical gain in households (nearly 24,000), while Sarpy underwent the greatest percentage gain (65 percent). (See Table 6B.) Even the cities of Omaha and Council Bluffs, which lost population during the decade, increased in number of households (7 and 10 percent, respectively). The pattern of household change for YMCA branch areas paralleled the direction of population change over the decade. (See Table 1 and GA.) The number of households decreased in eastern Douglas County. These include the North, Downtown, and Miller Park branch areas, in decreasing order of numerical loss. Other branch areas gained households. In decreasing order of numerical gain, these were the South-southwest, the West, the remainder of Douglas County, and the Council Bluffs area. Areas with the greatest numerical change in households are not necessarily those with the greatest rate of change. For example, while the West branch area had the second highest absolute gain, it had the third highest rate of change. Likewise, while the Downtown area had the second greatest numerical loss, it had the third greatest rate of loss. A closer examination of household change by census tract across Douglas County demonstrated that losses occurred predominantly in the east while gains were experienced to the west. (See Table 7 and Maps loa and

28 21 lob.) Loss was particularly pronounced in the area north of the Central Business District and east of 30th Street. Greatest gains were experienced at the western edge of Omaha and beyond, an area of housing construction and new family formation. Household Composition Much has been written recently of the changing nature of the American household and family. The non-traditional household had increased at a rate greater than the traditional household, the family. The resulting smaller proportion of family households is due, in part, to delayed marriage and child-bearing and divorce. Comparison of rates of change families, and families with children among during households, the decade suggests that the Omaha area is following recent national trends in household composition. (See Table 6B.) For example, while total households in the Omaha SMSA increased by 23 percent from 1970 to 1980, families increased by only 11 percent and families with children an even smaller 10 percent. The differences between household and family change were more dramatic by city areas. Total households in Omaha and Council Bluffs increased by 7 and 10 percent, respectively, while families with children decreased in Omaha and Council Bluffs by 10 and 3 percent, respectively. Similarly, each of the components of the Omaha SMSA (cities and counties) experienced a decrease during the decade in the proportion of households that are also families. (See Table 6B.) Thus, the Omaha area does seem

29 22 to be experiencing a change in household composition toward less traditional household forms. However, the trend seems to be progressing slowly, and the family households continue to dominate. An additional significant consideration in household character is the growing proportions of those with children but only one adult parent, the product of increased divorce rates in recent years. (See Tables 8 and 9.) In Douglas County, 22 percent of all households with children had an adult householder but no spouse present in 1980; in Pottawattamie County the percentage was somewhat lower at 18 percent. In both Pottawattamie and Douglas Counties females headed 88 percent of all one-parent households with children. By YMCA branch areas, one-parent households with children as a proportion of all households with children varied widely (See Table 8.) The area with the greatest proportion of these households (62 percent) was the North; no other area came close to that high percentage. Next, in descending order, were the Miller Park (32 percent), Downtown (26 percent), Council Bluffs (23 percent), and West (19 percent) areas. The areas of notably lesser proportions were the South-southwest branch area and the remainder of Douglas County (each 12 percent). Households with children headed by a female parent with no spouse paralleled and dominated the pattern for all single parent households. Women headed roughly the same proportion o~ all one-parent households (88 or 89 percent)

30 23 with the exceptions being the North area (93 percent) and the South-southwest area and remainder of Douglas County with smaller proportions (86 and 82 percent, respectively). A very regular pattern of census tracts with one-parent households (as a percent of all households with children) was evident in the 1980 Census data. (See Table 9 and Maps lla and llb.) From the area of greatest concentration in north Omaha, the proportion of one-parent households decreased generally in all directions. The proportions decreased most rapidly to the west and less to the north and south. The resulting pattern was a "ridge" of relatively greater percentages of single parent households extending south to north through the eastern third of Omaha. Other areas of relatively greater proportion of one-parent households did occur in west Omaha and beyond, but the western suburbs generally contained the lowest percentages. Summary Results of the 1980 Census confirmed the continued population growth of the Omaha metropolitan area. Also demonstrated was a continuing dispersion of the population away from older residential areas within the city to more westerly and recently developed locations outside the city limits. Whites continued to constitute the majority of the population in most areas but minorities (both racial and Hispanic ethnic) increased in number and as a proportion of the total population. Minorities continued to be relatively more concentrated/segregated within the eastern area of

31 24 Omaha/Douglas County. The sex composition of the population in the Omaha metropolitan area was typical of most places--females tended to outnumber males. An exception in the Omaha area was Sarpy County with Offutt Air Force Base and its population of servicemen. (The typical pattern of females outnumbering males was reversed within specific age cohorts, particularly for smaller subareas such as census tracts.) Age composition varied greatly across the subareas within the Omaha metropolitan area. Youth (age cohort 5 to 13) were found proportionally more numerous in north Omaha and the western suburbs, age cohort 14 to 18 was more evenly spread across the area, age cohort 19 to 34 was more concentrated northwest of downtown and in the northwest suburbs, age cohort 35 to 44 was proportionally more numerous west of 72nd Street, and age cohort 45 to 64 was concentrated in several city areas, particularly the older suburbs of southwest Omaha. Household growth exceeded population growth over most parts of the Omaha metropolitan area from 1970 to However, the rate of change for families did not keep pace with that of households indicating a changing household composition. Finally, one-parent households comprised a significant proportion of all households with children in the Omaha area, and were particularly concentrated in the eastern area of Douglas County.

32 25 Postscript The YMCA will find the demographic information included in this report to be a useful starting point for program planning. The YMCA should also consider examining the sample count census data when they become available this autumn. These data will include variables such as income, occupation, place of work, and education. A more sophisticated analysis of the relationships among demographic variables will provide a more precise understanding of service users and market areas for purposes of program planning. Census data can be correlated with other data already gathered from "Y" members, or with data gathered specifically for such an analysis. For a more exact computation of the dimensions of each branch area, existing "Y" data or a special survey could be used to determine the true dimensions of each branch's market area; that is, where members live, which facility is used by each member, when it is used, and other pertinent factors associated with members usage. The Center for Applied Urban Research is prepared to work with the YMCA in determining the direction of any further analysis and in implementing such a study.

33 26 TABLE 1 POPULATION, POPULATION CHANGE, RACE AND ETHNICITY BY YMCA BRANCH AREAS Population Race Ethnicity Total Change YMCA Branch Population White Non-white Black Indian Spanish Origin Areas 1980 Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Miller Park 34,616-8, , , , North 26,517-11, , , , Downtown 111,590-24, , , ,107 4 B ,068 5 West 106,264 1, , , , ,053 1 South-southwest 100,740 42, , , ,087 1 Remainder of Douglas County 17,311 8, , Council Bluffs , , , Douglas County 397,038 7, , , , ,236 2 Pottawattamie County 86, , , ,207 1

34 27 TABLE 2 POPULATION CHANGE IN DOUGLAS COUNTY BY CENSUS TRACT, Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Population Population Population Population Change Change Change Change Population Population Total Change Due to Due to Total Change Due to Due to Census Population Natural Residential Census Population Natural Residential Tracts 1980 No. % Change Moves Tracts 1980 No. % Change Moves 2 4, ,836-54~ , , , , , ,232-1, , ,697-1, , ,354-1, , ,1~ ,439-1, , , ,238-1, ,876-1, , , , ,659-1, ; , , , ! , , ! 19 1, , , ,983 2, , , , , , ,273-1, , , , , ~ , , , , } 28 2, , } 29 4,331-1, ,333 1, ,212-1, ,369 2,222 1, , , , , , ,315 2, ,449-1, , ,428 3, , , , , , , , , ,689 1, , ,422 2, ! ,469 5, ! 42 1, ,067 5, ) 43 2, ,626 9,147 1,909.6 f , , } ,226 5, , ,632 4, ! , , ! 47 2, ,213 6, ! , ,681 2, ! 49 4,858-1, ,776 5, ,097-1, ,066-1, Omaha 314,255-32, NA NA 52 2, Douglas Co. 397,038 7, , Nebraska 1,569,825 84, NA NA Source of data is STF 1A computer tape for Nebraska, U.S. Bureau of the Census. Source of birth and death statistics is Omaha/Douglas County Health Department.

35 Census Tracts Total Population 4, ,727 2, ,232 1,697 2,354 1,165 1,555 1,238 1, , ,134 1,817 2,675 2,213 1,815 2,211 3,154 2,431 1,992 2,007 2,882 4,331 6,212 3,397 1,970 2,200 3,449 2,642 4,728 4,690 2,832 4,480 2,306 2, ,550 2,755 1,940 3,415 2,609 2,483 4,674 4,858 4,097 3,066 2,826 2,314 3,836 5,466 4,413 4,679 4,819 2,997 3,043 4,439 3,051 4, ,133 9,746 5,659!!_/ * Less than.05%. TABLE 3 THE POPULATION OF DOUGLAS COUNTY, BY CENSUS TRACT, 1980 White No. % 4, ,454 2, , ,639 2,498 2,011 1,692 2,099 2,977 2,316 1,827 1,663 2,590 2,481 5,974 3,290 1,778 2,036 3,350 2,587 4,683 4,616 2,787 4,310 2,148 1, ,449 2,580 1,876 3,367 2,554 2,476 4,537 4,327 3,711 1, ,045 5,316 4,360 4,446 3, ,456 1,452 3, ,360 6,740 5, Race I Non-white No. % , ,293 1,538 2,089 1,062 1,506 1,183 1, , ,283 2,514 1,529 1, ,365 2,185 2,642 1,983 1,599 1, , Non-white Subgroups Black No. % , ,220 1,498 2,039 1,030 1,476 1,176 1, , ,101 2,470 1,464 1, ,261 2,146 2,600 1,891 1,533 1, , I I Indian No. % ' Ethnicity: Spanish-origin No. %

36 29 TABLE 3- Continued THE POPULATION OF DOUGLAS COUNTY, BY CENSUS TRACT, 1980 Race Non-white Subgroups Ethnicity: T Non-white Black I Indian Spanish-origin Census Total White Tracts Population No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % ,262 7, , ,554 4, ,356 7, ,729 4, ,843 3, ,083 5, ,978 5, ,818 3, ,273 6, ,993 7, ,504 9, ,025 6, ,023 1, ,606 1, ,333 3, ,369 2, ,146 2, ,770 3, ,315 5, ,428 5, ,905 3, ,192 5, ,644 1, ,689 5, , ,469 7, ,067 5, ,626 9, ,226 6, ,632 6, ,281 6, ,213 7, ,681 6, ,776 12, Omaha 314, , , , , , Douglas Co. 397, , , , , , Nebraska 1,569,825 1,490, , , , , Source of data is STF 1A computer tape for Nebraska, U.S. Bureau of the Census.

37 30 TABLE 4 POPULATION BY SEX AND SELECTED AGE GROUPS BY YMCA BRANCH AREAS Females Population by Age Groups As a Percent of Ages 5 to 13 Ages 14to 18 Ages 19 to 34 Ages 35 to 44 Ages 45 to 64 YMCA Branch Total Areas Population Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Miller Park , , , , , North , , , , , Downtown , , , , , West , , , , , South-southwest , , , , , Remainder of Douglas County , , , , , Council Bluffs , , , , , Douglas County , , , , , Pottawattamie County , , , , ,334 20

38 31 TABLE 5 POPULATION BY SEX AND SELECTED AGE GROUPS BY CENSUS TRACT Females Population by Age Groups As a Percent of Census Total Ages 5 to 13 Ages 14to 18 Ages 19 to 34 Ages 35 to 44 Ages 45 to 64 Tracts Population Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent , , ? , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

39 32 TABLE 5 - Continued POPULATION BY SEX AND SELECTED AGE GROUPS BY CENSUS TRACT Females Population by Age Groups As a Percent of Census Total Ages 5 to 13 Ages 14 to 18 Ages 19 to 34 Ages 35 to 44 Ages 45 to 64 Tracts Population Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,246 18

40 33 TABLE 6A HOUSEHOLD CHANGE, 1970 TO 1980, BY YMCA BRANCH AREAS Number of Change in Households YMCA Branch Households 1970 to 1980 Areas in 1980 Number Percent Miller Park 11, North 9,235-2, Downtown 46,015-2,571-5,9 West 40,278 8, South-southwest 33,178 18, Remainder of Douglas County 5,707 2, Council Bluffs 20,872 1, TABLE 68 HOUSEHOLD CHANGE AND COMPOSITION BY COMPONENTS OF OMAHA METROPOLITAN AREA Change in Families Change in Change in Number of Families As a Number of Households, Number of Families, Families with Children, Percentage of Households, 1970 to 1980 Families, 1970 to 1980 with Children, 1970to 1980 Households Areas 1980 Number Percent 1980 Number Percent 1980 Number Percent Douglas County 146,129 23, ,771 6, ,541 2, Omaha 118,465 7, ,984-5, ,199 4, Sarpy County 26,303 10, ,089 7, ,282 4, Pottawattamie County 30,803 4, ,372 1, , Council Bluffs 20,872 1, , , Total SMSA 203,235 38, ,232 15, ,798 7,

41 34 TABLE 7 HOUSEHOLD CHANGE, , BY CENSUS TRACT Total Household Change Total Household Change Census Households 1970 to 1980 Census Households 1970 to 1980 Tracts 1980 Number Percent Tracts 1980 Number Percent 2 1, B , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,997 +1, , , , , a , , , , , , , , , , , ,792 +1, , ,630 +1, , , , , , , , , ,372 +1, ,896 +2, , ,935 +1,778 1, ,745 +2,619 2, , ,760 +1,605 1, ,143 +1, , , ,302 +2, , ,635 +1, , ,089 +1, , Total 146,129 23,

42 35 TABLE 8 NUMBER AND PERCENT OF "ONE-PARENT" HOUSEHOLDS, BY YMCA BRANCH AREAS Households with Households with Children and Adult Children and Female Households Householder but no Householder but no YMCA Branch Total with Children.f!./ Spouse Present Husband Present Areas Households Number Percent Number Percent12/ Number Percent..9/ Miller Park 11,716 5, , , North 9,235 4, , , Downtown 46,015 12,659 2B 3, , West 40,278 14, , , South-southwest 33,178 17, , , Remainder of Douglas County 5,707 2, Council Bluffs 20,872 8, , , Douglas County 146,129 56,977'< ,739 / 22 11,269'<1 20 Pottawattamie County 30,803 13, , , J!l "Children""" less than 18 years of age _Q/Percent of households with children. 1 Figures for branch office areas may not total to Douglas County figure due to suppression.

43 36 TABLE 9 NUMBER AND PERCENT OF "ONE-PARENT" HOUSEHOLDS BY CENSUS TRACTS Households with Households with Children and Adult Children and Female Census Total Households Householder but Householder but Tracts Households with Children / No Spouse Present No Husband Present Number Number Number Percent_Q/ Number Percent.t!/ 2 1, S S S 1S , S 31 S S S S , , S ,273 3S S S6 S S S 1, S , S , , , S , s 36 1,9S5 543 so , , , , , S , S15 34S , S , , S , so , , ,76S S ,

44 37 TABLE 9- Continued NUMBER AND PERCENT OF "ONE-PARENT" HOUSEHOLDS BY CENSUS TRACTS Households with Households with Children and Adult Children and Female Census Total Households Householder but Householder but Tracts Households with Ch ildreni!.l No Spouse Present No Husband Present Number Number Number Percent_Q/ Number Percent.Q/ 58 1,851 69a a1 96a a2 1,a57 4B a 1,535 68a 33a a1 9as a2 1,5Sa sa a zas a1 22a a2 1, za , a 64 2, za a1 2,546 1,a a a2 1,592 91a a1 3,a a2 2,12a 5a2 11a a1 1,45a 4a a 1a 67.a2 1, a a1 2, a2 1, a1 1,965 1,a a2 2,531 1, a2 8 7a 3,549 1, ,287 1,1a a a a a5 1, a a a a3 1,5a a a a a - a - 74.a6 1,63a a 7 74.a7 1, a8 1, a a a a , ,372 1, ,896 1,178 zaa ,935 1, , ,760 1,3a ,143 1, a ,918 1 ' ,302 1, ,635 1, ,a89 2, !!I Children"" less than 18 years of age

45 MAP 1 YMCA BRANCH AREAS REMAINING AREA OF COUNTY Branch Office - Boundaries between branch areas (based on midpoint distances between offices) SOUTH-SOUTHWEST, 1 2 miles w co

46 MAP DOUGLAS COUNTY CENSUS TRACTS AND OMAHA CITY LIMITS -,~ : Generalized City Limits , I, ~", 7""1~: 74.lti ::::::: ' ~ 6 3::"-t...~. l;_ m I"' n, r-;-- ~2 j56j_ 60 '-...J 6 j e 1:1:---ri I I 57 10!' i : \ : :. 67.~ ~ 40 m \ 39 ~ Notes: f ; : : : ,.,...,---,...~...,~ ! : : : : : : 71 :. :::: :...:.. : : '. :.:.L..:.. ) : :..: : :...: ;_------:-1~_.;;2.... : _ 0 :_ _._.. :..._ : ;J_H 0 m 1les Census Tract 2.99 is not shown on this map. Census Tract 75 extends to the western edge of Douglas County; its entirety is not shown on this map. I w \!)

47 MAP 3 POPULATION CHANGE IN DOUGLAS COUNTY, BY CENSUS TRACT, A. Population Gain by Census Tract '... ' ' ' ' ' Greater than !ii? "" 0

48 MAP 3 POPULATION CHANGE IN DOUGLAS COUNTY, BY CENSUS TRACT, B. Population Loss by Census Tract 1 IIIII Greater than 1500 I..gr; I H I ::: "" f-'

49 ,.,. MAP 4 PERCENT POPULATION CHANGE IN DOUGLAS COUNTY BY CENSUS TRACT, A. Percent Population Gain by Census Tract ~..;...;;...,~::;.... ; _,, l'. :-!! % % - ~ % %.100 or more % N ""'

50 ':';,,: --:.,,;- >-;, ''.~.,. c; t..,.-,.:;,.,.... MAP PERCENT POPULATION CHANGE IN DOUGLAS COUNTY BY CENSUS TRACT, B. Percent Population Loss by Census Tract --:,.,~,-- -:~;!;,;1~-.i-?>.~J';_';;./ ---~ ::: % HIT' % 1$ % %... w

51 !!': : ~-- I ' ',t. ; -'' I....,<.. -~~ - <. MAP 5 PERCENT POPULATION CHANGE DUE TO NATURAL INCREASE, BY CENSUS TRACT, ' /,~- ~::.,.#--._.;f/' i- - I 1- ' tb 0... :::: 10» '" ""} % % % % \ % % Loss Gain ""

52 "':\.~ ~;-~>,:\~'... -_. -. "" ' "., : ~-,:t.'?i.'f""? cor,;;_:.:.j",. -..;-...2:;;: r:'/";- "! :il--. ~..._... ~'"",..,.. MAP 6 PERCENT POPULATION CHANGE DUE TO RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY BY CENSUS TRACT, A. Percent Population Gain Due to Residential Mobility - ~ r-:.. ::: 1-15% i :g:~ % ' iii! %.100 or more % I (no census tracts recorded from 15.1 to 24.9 gain)... U1

53 '- ' ~ "... ~ ~......_.~.. -_, ,..... """. : r: -;,-" ~ ~;::--:;:-.-~-. ~.:...,..~, -:-~---, :-:--'~... -.,-.~-,:,~, MAP 6 PERCENT POPULATION CHANGE DUE TO RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY BY CENSUS TRACT, B. Percent Population Loss Due to Residential Mobility ::: % H:~ % ilil % %... "'

54 47 --.!, -o o' q mcna>cnm.. 0 oaiaioia5cri l!l ";" 0 <1> oow '<tn... <l: 0... ::::...., "' E Or"lt)M... 0 ~ !) ~ ~ * I., ' ~ 2 ;:) 0 tj w <l:o..leo ~en ;:)....~ 0 '.c cttj :sr c,...z<l: 0 -a: 2 o..wt- <l:zw... c ::!:o:j -en ~ 1-z 0.. <l:w "'..Ju ;:) <i. 0..> Om 0.. ~ a: 0 2 ::!: * *

55 .. ;, MAP 7 MINORITY POPULATIONS IN DOUGLAS COUNTY, BY CENSUS TRACT, "' B. Percent Black j Eli m~ ::: * Area of 50.0% or more... 0>

56 49... ~ 000!DN~ "li!. "";... :!!E! ::: :::::::::::::::::....

57 50 1.n. "1 "'" ~:!:: ' z~~: ~~ ~ ( 2: ::l '~ 0 (I) <Co a&! :;:) ot- '2 0!1.!!!,...z<C -cr: :I: tl..(/)1-... c <CzCil :Eo::l 2!... -(I) 1-z D. <Cw...Jo ::l ci D.> Om D. ~ cr: 0 ~ :E

58 ic MAP SA FEMALES AS A PERCENT OF TOTAL POPULATION, BY CENSUS TRACT '----,----' , : : : : : : : 1: : : : : : : :1: :: "-r.... l::::::::l::::::::c:.. ::::::::::::~., : : :... ::::::: :~::::::::::: % or less 40to 44% == 45to48% 0 49 to 51% 52 to 55% ;;;;; 56% or more 1 2 miles lj1 f-'

59 - MAP 88 FEMALES AGED 5 TO 13 YEARS AS A PERCENT OF ALL, 5 TO 13 YEAR OLDS 0 39%or less :: 40 to 44% ::m 45 to 48% mii 49to51% ~ :ss 52 to 55% iii 56% or more 1 2 miles (ll IV

60 MAP 8C FEMALES AGED 14 TO 18 YEARS AS A PERCENT OF ALL 14 TO 18 YEAR OLDS ' 0 39% or less '::: 40to44% %!) 45 to 48% m-:: 49 to 51% ::::::. 0 ;;m: 52 to 55 Yo. iii 56% or more 1 2 miles V1 w

61 54 N D. " ::::''Iiiii 'oooolllooo ::::1:::! VI Q) E

62 55 N ' ' '... '.... ' '. ' '.... '..... ' Ill,...!!! E ::::::::::::::: :~~~~~:... '... '... '' '... '. '... '... '... '..... ::::::::::::::::::::::::: '....

63 :::::::;:::::::::::::::: f: ::s -... ~ ~ ~....., ~ - - ~ ~ MAP 9C PERSONS AGE 19 TO 34 AS PERCENT OF TOTAL POPULATION : : : : : : : : : : : : :J: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : ~~~~ ~~ :~ ~ :~ :J~ ::: ~~ :~ ~=~ ~~ ~~ :::::::::::: :'.'.-... t: ' ' ,:,,::, ; IHiiHHm... :::::::::::::w::::h:::i:::i::::::::::: 0 less than 20% :;: 21 to 30% mm 31 to40% ll1ft More than 40% '.... J ' miles U'\ 0'>

64 57 N... Ill Cll E

65 MAP 9E PERSONS AGE 45 TO 64 AS PERCENT OF.TOTAL POPULATION , :::::::::::~ '... t::: '.... P. 0 to5% :::6to10% Hi 11 to 15% gm 16 to 2o% ifiiii21 to 25%.26to 30% :::::::::::::::::::::,! miles U1 co

66 :"(': -:"'!i"' ->:: ~'"".,..-""'"il.~,.,.. _,..._,_ -~ Mjiji 10...,- ---:-~;...,~~ p.. '\. ~-,...~:_ -4~..,-"""'... ~.+:.y-.-:... HOUSEHOLD CHANGE IN OOUGLAS. COUNTcV.. BY CENSUS TRACT, A. Percent Population Gain :!:\::,::[:::::~mmm";;,,,,,,,;"'"'""";;;;f;;;,,,,, I. * Less than 1% change I :;: % I "= ~~'!:l' A9. 9 ' '" I ; ::::: "' - lo, % I 1,000 or more% miles U1 ""

67 , ",' MAP 10 HOUSEHOLD CHANGE IN DOUGLAS COUNTY ' BY CENSUS TRACT, 1970,1980 B. Percent Household Loss * Less than 1% change ::: 14.9% HW 5-9.9% i f: % ' % 50 or more% l 2 miles "' 0

68 . ~ _,...,,,.. 4~.. ~~-::.. : ~: ~ ~!,SiliJJJ ~~: ~ ~:: /MAP 11A. "ONE PARENT / HOUSEHOLDS" (HOUSEHOLDS WITH. CHILDREN AND ADULT HOUSEHOLDER BUT NO SPOUSE PRESENT), AS A PERCENT OF ALL HOUSEHOLDS \ WITH CHILDREN,. BY CENSUS TRACT ' :::::.::::. :: :::::: ~ J : : : : : : : : : : : : : f I..... f ::::::::::::: :... ~ O.oto10% ::: 11 to20"~ HH 21 to 30% Em 31 to 50% 11;;.; 51 to 75% Ill 76 to 1 00% 1 2 miles "' f-'

69 "'' "'" MAP 118. "ONE PARENT HOUSEHOLDS WITH FEMALE HOUSEHOLDER" (HOUSEHOLDS WITH CHILDREN AND FEMALE HOUSEHOLDER BUT NO HUSBAND PRESENT), AS A PERCENT OF ALL HOUSEHOLDS WITH CHILDREN, BY CENSUS TRACT 0:::::::-j::::::::'""""'"''' ,_. : T::::::::::H d:: ::: :... t;; ;:; :::::::::::::: : : : : : : : : : : : 1: : : : : : : : : : : : : t : : : : : : :!: : : : : : : :I: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : -" P. 0 to 10% ::: 11 to 20% ::m 21 to 30%!i!l' 31 to 500,(.!iii,~ 51 to 75%!176 to 1 000,(. 1 2 miles "' N