Population A Review of Census Data Related to the Population of Allen County, Indiana

Transcription

1 A Demographic and Socio Economic Profile of Allen County, Indiana based on the 2010 Census and the American Community Survey Population A Review of Census Data Related to the Population of Allen County, Indiana Prepared by The at IPFW May 2012

2 Table of Contents Growth Rates and Comparisons... 1 Geographic Distribution in Allen County: Places and Townships... 2 Source: 2010 Census... 2 Census Tracts... 6 Change in Population in Census Tracts... 9 By Race Minorities by Census Tract Hispanic (Not a Race) Age Age Distribution Race by Age Dependency Ratios Population Projections Selected Data on the Allen County Foreign Born Population Financial support for this project is provided by the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation Fund held at the Community Foundation of Greater Fort Wayne. Without the support of the Foundation this study would not have been possible. The also wishes to thank Paul Spoelhof, Senior Planner with the City of Fort Wayne Community Development Division, for his assistance on this project.

3 Population 1 POPULATION Source: 2010 Decennial Census Key Points: From 2000 to 2010, Allen County s population increased 7.1 percent to 355,329. This rate of increase was higher than the state s although lower than the national increase of 9.7 percent. The Northwest suburban area, comprised of Perry, Eel River, Lake, and Washington townships, was the fastest growing area in Allen County during this past decade. Perry Township took top honors this decade with a growth rate of 60.5 percent and almost 11,000 new residents. The Hispanic population grew by 66.4 percent this decade in Allen County. The Asian population grew by 109 percent, and much of this was fueled by the Burmese population arriving in Fort Wayne during this decade. A higher percentage of Allen County residents reside in an incorporated city or town in 2010 than at any time since In 2010, the Decennial Census reported that there were 355,329 residents in Allen County as of April 1, This is an increase of 23,480 since Chart ,000 Allen County Population: , , , , , ,000 50, Population 114, , , , , , , , , ,329 Growth Rates and Comparisons From 2000 to 2010, Allen County s population increased by 7.1 percent. Although Allen County has not grown as fast as the nation since pre 1970, the growth rate has been slightly higher than the state of Indiana in the last three decades.

4 Population 2 Chart % Decennial Percentage Changes in Population: Allen County, Indiana, and United States 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Allen County 28.4% 5.7% 18.5% 26.4% 20.8% 4.9% 2.2% 10.3% 7.1% Indiana 10.5% 5.8% 14.8% 18.5% 11.4% 5.7% 1.0% 9.7% 6.6% United States 16.2% 7.3% 14.5% 18.5% 13.4% 11.4% 9.8% 13.2% 9.7% Geographic Distribution in Allen County: Places and Townships Source: 2010 Census Table 1.1 below identifies the population changes for the cities and towns within Allen County. Since these areas can change their boundaries with annexation, identifying the city or town growth is not always significant. For example, Figure 1.1 identifies the changes in the City of Fort Wayne since 1950 through annexation. A review of this figure illustrates that much of the growth in recent decades is due to annexation. The city of Fort Wayne accounted for 71.4 percent of the population in Allen County in 2010, and the total of all incorporated areas (identified in Table 1.1 below) accounted for percent of county population. The unincorporated portions of Allen County total percent of Allen County s population, or 74,109 residents. Table 1.1 PLACE: Fort Wayne city 86, , , , , , , , , ,691 Grabill town NA ,113 1,053 Huntertown town NA NA NA NA NA 775 1,265 1,330 1,771 4,810 Leo Cedarville town NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2,782 3,603 Monroeville town ,150 1,294 1,353 1,372 1,232 1,236 1,235 New Haven city 1,237 1,702 1,872 2,336 3,396 5,346 6,714 9,320 12,406 14,794 Woodburn city ,002 1,321 1,579 1,520 Zanesville town NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Note: Zanesville straddles two counties, Allen and Wells, with approximately 85 percent of the population in Allen County. Leo Cedarville and Zanesville were both incorporated in the 1990s.

5 Population 3 Figure 1.1

6 Population 4 Allen County Townships, shown in Figure 1.2, have defined boundaries which have not changed, and population totals since 1950 and the growth are shown in Table 1.2. CRI has grouped these by area (central, northwest, northeast, southwest, southeast, and eastern rural) since this adds an element of visualizing the population growth over the decades. Figure 1.2

7 Population 5 Table 1.2 Decennial Census Change Township/Area Central Wayne 142, , , , , , , % 6.6% Northeast Suburbia: Cedar Creek 2,200 3,579 4,414 5,864 6,688 10,288 12, % 22.2% Milan 1,623 1,942 2,335 3,178 3,165 3,503 3, % 7.0% St. Joseph 3,288 14,237 38,094 55,348 61,167 68,276 72, % 5.8% Total 7,111 19,758 44,843 64,390 71,020 82,067 88, % 7.9% Northwest Suburbia: Eel River 1,238 1,432 1,622 2,423 2,576 3,004 3, % 20.2% Lake 1,515 1,880 2,061 2,184 1,914 1,985 2, % 15.9% Perry 2,570 4,036 5,768 8,299 10,909 18,170 29, % 60.5% Washington 5,868 12,608 20,296 23,851 27,416 33,105 36, % 9.0% Total 11,191 19,956 29,747 36,757 42,815 56,264 71, % 26.5% Southwest Suburbia: Aboite 1,427 3,131 6,132 11,663 18,490 28,338 35, % 26.2% Lafayette 1,234 1,490 2,035 2,389 2,530 2,707 3, % 23.9% Pleasant 1,340 1,864 2,474 3,472 3,355 3,362 3, % 1.5% Total 4,001 6,485 10,641 17,524 24,375 34,407 42, % 23.3% Southeast Suburbia/New Haven: Adams 8,495 18,428 31,034 31, , % 1.3% Marion 1,425 2,326 3,221 3, , % 5.6% Total 9,920 20,754 34,255 35,497 34,552 35,049 35, % 1.8% Eastern Rural Townships: Jackson % 1.2% Jefferson 1,616 1,895 2,130 2,142 1,882 1,958 2, % 7.7% Madison 1,360 1,466 1,711 1,729 1,615 1,796 1, % 1.4% Maumee 1,305 1,435 1,781 2,408 2,459 2,619 2, % 0.0% Monroe 1,955 2,158 2,153 2,174 1,969 1,963 1, % 1.8% Scipio % 0.0% Springfield 1,606 1,875 2,608 2,987 3,169 3,697 4, % 17.6% Total 8,849 9,958 11,453 12,438 12,069 12,945 13, % 5.8% County Total 183, , , , , , , % 7.1% The population for each of these township combinations is shown in Chart 1.3, and the corresponding growth rates are in Chart 1.4.

8 Population 6 Chart ,000 Population by Census for Townships Groupings 140, , ,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20, Central Wayne Northeast Suburbia: Northwest Suburbia: Southwest Suburbia: Southeast Suburbia: Eastern Rural Townships: Chart % Growth Rates by Decade by Township Grouping including Allen County Rate 175% 150% 125% 100% 75% 50% 25% 0% 25% Central Wayne Northeast Suburbia Northwest Suburbia Southwest Suburbia Southeast Suburbia/NH Eastern Rural Townships County Total Census Tracts There are 96 census tracts in Allen County as of the 2010 Census 1. These are one of the smallest geographical divisions 2 for which the Census provides data. Most census tracts have stable boundaries and can be compared 1 After each decennial Census, the Census Bureau can re map areas depending on population or land use changes. In 2000 there were 90 census tracts. We have to use both of these tract maps to analyze the data. Appendix D identifies the differences between the two censuses and how we reconciled these changes. 2 The U.S. Census provides data on block groups or census blocks, which are smaller areas than census tracts.

9 Population 7 from census to census. The map of the 2010 Census for Allen County is shown below, and the population for each census tract in Allen County is shown in Table 1.3. Generally (nationwide), census tracts have between 1,500 and 8,000 people, and optimally hold 4,000 people. In 2010, the average number of residents in an Allen County tract is 3,701 (3,687 residents in 2000). The ranges for the population in census tracts in Allen County range from a maximum of 6,752 to a low of either 81 or 1,079 depending on whether you wish to consider the population in tracts and tracts that were established for special purposes other than residency. See Appendix D for more on census tracts including a map of the 2000 and notes on the changes in the boundaries between 2000 and Figure 1.3

10 Population 8 Table 1.3 Population by Census Tract Tract Population Tract Population Census Tract 1 2,358 Census Tract 104 3,612 Census Tract 3 3,298 Census Tract 105 2,301 Census Tract 4 2,569 Census Tract ,586 Census Tract 5 2,945 Census Tract ,583 Census Tract 6 1,975 Census Tract ,620 Census Tract ,108 Census Tract ,744 Census Tract ,419 Census Tract ,019 Census Tract 8 4,113 Census Tract ,701 Census Tract 9 3,166 Census Tract ,803 Census Tract 10 1,247 Census Tract ,227 Census Tract 11 1,559 Census Tract ,918 Census Tract 12 1,079 Census Tract ,394 Census Tract 13 2,277 Census Tract ,213 Census Tract 16 2,206 Census Tract ,210 Census Tract 17 2,177 Census Tract ,422 Census Tract 20 3,321 Census Tract ,148 Census Tract 21 2,344 Census Tract ,210 Census Tract 22 4,221 Census Tract ,484 Census Tract 23 5,180 Census Tract ,709 Census Tract 25 3,152 Census Tract ,054 Census Tract 26 3,347 Census Tract ,389 Census Tract 28 2,065 Census Tract ,581 Census Tract 29 2,368 Census Tract 109 6,369 Census Tract 30 3,525 Census Tract 110 2,613 Census Tract 31 2,645 Census Tract 111 2,853 Census Tract 32 5,325 Census Tract ,940 Census Tract ,795 Census Tract ,164 Census Tract ,340 Census Tract ,093 Census Tract ,351 Census Tract ,299 Census Tract 35 4,216 Census Tract ,644 Census Tract 36 5,687 Census Tract ,079 Census Tract 37 2,779 Census Tract ,081 Census Tract 38 3,132 Census Tract ,741 Census Tract ,358 Census Tract ,602 Census Tract ,448 Census Tract ,192 Census Tract 40 3,111 Census Tract ,090 Census Tract ,251 Census Tract ,105 Census Tract ,368 Census Tract ,846 Census Tract 43 2,652 Census Tract ,920 Census Tract 44 3,223 Census Tract ,290 Census Tract 101 4,763 Census Tract ,322 Census Tract ,752 Census Tract ,354 Census Tract ,818 Census Tract ,312 Census Tract ,601 Census Tract ,858 Census Tract ,551 Census Tract ,771 Census Tract ,154 Census Tract 119 1,927 Census Tract ,298 Census Tract Census Tract ,554 Census Tract Source: US Census Bureau, 2010 Census, Redistricting Data Tables P1 and H1.

11 Population 9 Change in Population in Census Tracts Changes in population by census tract from 2000 to 2010 are shown in Figure 1.4. Some boundaries have changed for some tracts and some tracts have been completely reconfigured, and you may need to reference the conversion process we have used. This is noted in Appendix D. Figure 1.4

12 Population 10 By Race Trends in Allen County s population by race are shown in Table 1.4. Note that the Hispanic population is not shown in this table since Hispanic is an ethnicity, not a race. The Census does collect data on Hispanic ethnicity, and that is shown in Table Appendix B includes information concerning the methodology and definitions. Table 1.4 Race Totals in Allen County White 260, , , , ,653 Black or African American 19,298 26,396 30,102 37,527 41,618 Asian 1,286 2,544 4,652 9,721 American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) 1,187 1,246 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (NHPI) Some Other Race (SOR) 6,716 10,455 2 or More 5,946 10,447 Other* 1,069 3,745 4,102 TOTAL 282, , , , ,329 Note: Minorities other than Black accounted for less than 0.5 percent of total population in 1970 in Allen County, and a breakout by other minority races was not available. Asians were identified in 1980 and 1990, and a more substantive breakout by race was available with the 2000 Census.*Other is not a race, but an alternative response available until more recent censuses. See Appendix B for more background on race in the censuses. The percentage changes throughout this period are shown below. Minorities, especially Asian, Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, and Two or more, have had significant growth rates, although in many cases, the percentage is based on a relatively low base number. Table 1.5 illustrates the overall changes in the race make up in the last 40 years in Allen County. Table 1.5 Change in Race White 1.1% 0.4% 4.4% 2.2% Black 36.8% 14.0% 24.7% 10.9% Asian 97.8% 82.9% 109.0% AIAN 5.0% NHPI 52.4% SOR 55.7% Two or More 75.7% Other* 250.3% 9.5% *See explanation in Table 1.4 above. Chart 1.5 at the end of this chapter gives a cursory look at the projected median ages by race in the state of Indiana. If the race by age in Allen County is similar to this data, then an analysis of birth rates will most likely indicate that most minority races will continue to grow at a faster percentage rate than older populations such as the White race. Also later in this chapter, we explain why we believe that a good percentage of the Some other race represents Hispanics, who also have a younger average population. A subset of interest locally in the Asian population relates to the Burmese population. We know that Allen County had a large influx of Burmese in the past decade, and this would most likely explain much of the growth in the Asian population. As more data is received, hopefully some of the speculation will cease and facts will be available, but the Census is not set up to identify all races. The 2010 Census data has an opportunity for Asians to identify a specific race, such as Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, or Vietnamese. If the person is Asian and from a

13 Population 11 race that is not one of these, they would check the other box. In Allen County, there were 9,721 Asians in 2010 and 5,158 checked the Other box. This would include the Burmese, but also the Laotians, Thais, Pakistanis, Hmong, Cambodians and so on. As is shown in Table 1.6, the high percentage of Other Asians in Allen County points to the population of Burmese, but we know that some of this population includes other Asian races. Table 1.6 Racial Distributions of Asians in the 2010 Census Asian Indian Chinese Filipino Japanese Korean Vietnamese Other Asian Allen County 16.0% 7.5% 7.0% 1.9% 4.1% 10.4% 53.1% Indiana 26.9% 22.0% 10.4% 4.8% 10.1% 6.7% 19.1% United States 19.4% 22.8% 17.4% 5.2% 9.7% 10.6% 14.9% The American Community Survey would be the best place to identify the number of Burmese in Allen County because the ACS collects much more detailed information, but there are at least two differences between the ACS and the Decennial Census that make it difficult to get the exact number of Burmese. First, the ACS is based on a sample, and the calculations include past years data such as adjusted Census 2000 numbers (for example, in the next paragraph, note that the 2010 ACS has five percent fewer Asians in its base than the 2010 Census does). If there is an immigration flow, this change in status quo may not be picked up right away, and the survey data would be calculated using old base numbers. Secondly, there is some concern that some groups such as some Burmese immigrants avoid government surveys, and this could be a factor also. The 2010 ACS for Allen County is using data based on a population of Asian (alone) that is 5 percent less than the number of Asians in Census This ACS indicated that there 3,676 Burmese that are Burmese Alone that is, no other race categories. There were an additional 170 Burmese who responded that they were Burmese and some other race in Allen County. Note that this is the ACS a survey, not the decennial count, and there will not be a decennial count which identifies immigrants. There have been reports that Allen County has had a number of immigrants/refugees from African nations during this past decade, but there is nothing in the current census data that would aid us in analyzing this population. We have added some analysis in the final part of this chapter on this subject as well as on the Burmese immigrants. Table 1.7 Racial Distribution in Allen County White 92.7% 89.3% 87.8% 83.1% 79.3% Black 6.9% 9.0% 10.0% 11.3% 11.7% Asian 0.0% 0.4% 0.8% 1.4% 2.7% AIAN 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.4% 0.4% NHPI 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% Some Other Race 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.0% 2.9% Two or More 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.8% 2.9% Other* 0.4% 1.3% 1.4% na na *See notes on Table 1.4 above. Table 1.8 below compares the racial and Hispanic population in Indiana and the United States. As a larger urban county, it might be expected that Allen County s population is more diverse than the state of Indiana.

14 Population 12 Table Census Racial and Hispanic Composition Percent Change in Population Since 2000 Allen County Indiana U.S. Allen County Indiana U.S. White 79.27% 84.33% 72.41% 2.2% 2.8% 5.7% Black 11.71% 9.12% 12.61% 10.9% 16.0% 12.3% Asian 2.74% 1.58% 4.75% 109.0% 73.3% 43.3% AIAN 0.35% 0.28% 0.95% 5.0% 16.7% 18.4% NHPI 0.05% 0.04% 0.17% 52.4% 17.1% 35.4% SOR 2.94% 2.67% 6.19% 55.7% 77.2% 24.4% Two or More 2.94% 1.97% 2.92% 75.7% 69.0% 32.0% Hispanic 6.50% 6.01% 16.35% 66.4% 81.6% 43.0% Total Change in Population 7.1% 6.6% 9.7% Minorities by Census Tract Tables show the percentages of Blacks, Asians, Two or More, and Some other race by census tract as of 2010, and Figures 1.5 and 1.7 illustrate this graphically. Figures 1.6 and 1.8 compare changes from 2000 to 2010, using the average percentage of that race in Allen County as of The racial categories Two or more races and Some other race did not appear to have high percentages of population in tracts and were therefore not mapped.

15 Population 13 Table 1.9 Blacks or African Americans in Allen County By Census Tract, 2010 Census Tract Number Percentage Tract Number Percentage 40 2, % % 17 1, % % 28 1, % % 30 2, % % 29 1, % % 43 1, % % 23 2, % % 44 1, % % , % % 36 2, % % , % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % Note: Census Tracts and are excluded from analysis. See Appendix D.

16 Population 14 Figure 1.5

17 Population 15 Figure 1.6 There were large percentage decreases in Black population in census tracts 17, 28, 29, and 30 from 2000 to 2010, but these tracts are still are well above the 11.7% criterion used in Figure 1.6 above.

18 Population 16 Table 1.10 Asians in Allen County By Census Tract, 2010 Census Tract Number Percentage Tract Number Percentage , % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % Note: Census Tracts and are excluded from analysis. See Appendix D.

19 Population 17 Figure 1.7

20 Population 18 Figure 1.8 This map serves as a good example of viewing the probable change in population related to the arrival of Burmese immigrants in the 2000s. In 2000, tract was comprised of only 1 percent Asian, and 10 years later it was 26.8 percent. With this much change occurring within a small defined area, what changes have occurred within this census tract? Blacks or African Americans have moved from the neighborhood they represented 56 percent of the tract population in 2000, and now that percentage is 45 percent (See Appendix D for data). Similar statistics can be given for tract : Asians now represent 23.2 percent of the tract population (up from zero in 2000), and there was a reduction in the Black population although the total population in that tract grew. From the Community Development Division of the City of Fort Wayne, the rationale for a dominant Asian presence in tracts , , 5, 23, 35, and was explained. Those tracts house certain apartment complexes in which Burmese refugees initially settled, and other tracts are home to many of the Burmese who were able to move to different housing arrangements after they found work in this area. Newspaper articles reflect some of the social impact caused by the change in demographics, but look at the difference in perspectives from the Fort Wayne article (Journal Gazette) compared to The New York Times article: Buddhists find home in Fort Wayne Fort Wayne has always embraced immigrants 3 compared with New York Times: Buddhist temples find uneasy home in Indiana I was appalled. said neighbor X who lives next door. 4 3 Rowand, C. (2007, January 2). Buddhists find home in Fort Wayne. Journal Gazette. Retrieved from 4 Maag, C. (2007, April 22). Buddhist temples find uneasy home in Indiana. The New York Times. Retrieved from temples html

21 Population 19 Table 1.11 Some Other Race in Allen County By Census Tract, 2010 Census Tract Number Percentage Tract Number Percentage % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % Note: Census Tracts and are excluded from analysis. See Appendix D.

22 Population 20 Table 1.12 Two or More Races in Allen County By Census Tract, 2010 Census Tract Number Percentage Tract Number Percentage % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % Note: Census Tracts and are excluded from analysis. See Appendix D.

23 Population 21 Hispanic (Not a Race) Hispanics or Latinos are people who classified themselves in one of the specific Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino categories on the Census surveys. Origin is the heritage, nationality, lineage or country of birth of the person or the person s parents or ancestors before their arrival in the United States. People who identify their origin as Hispanic may be of any race, and the percent that identify themselves as Hispanic are not included or added to the race totals. In the last few decades, the Census has been designing and re designing the decennial Census in order to capture information about those with Hispanic origins. Due to the evolving nature of the questions, caution is encouraged when comparing decennial data. The Census notes that the choice Some other race was included in 2000 for respondents unable to identify with the five Office of Management and Budget race categories. They note that many respondents who provided writein entries were of Hispanic origin. The Pew Hispanic Center reports that in 2008, most Hispanics nationally identified themselves as white (62.5 percent) and a sizeable percentage (30.4 percent) self identified as Some other race 5. In comparison, just 0.3 percent of non Hispanics identify with Some other race. Table 1.13 identifies this breakdown for Allen County and it appears that Some other race is a more common choice here in Allen County than nationally, with 42.4 percent of Allen County Hispanics making that choice. As was done in the CRI review of Census 2000, we believe it would not be inappropriate to analyze a majority of the Some other race responses as being heavily influenced by the Hispanic population. There were 10,455 Some other race identified in 2010 in Allen County. As Table 1.13 indicates, 94 percent of these were Hispanic. See Appendix B for additional comments on answering race questions on the survey. Table 1.13 illustrates the census data from 1980 to 2010 as it pertains to the Hispanic population. The 23,093 Hispanics represent 6.5 percent of the Allen County population in Table 1.13 Hispanics and Race Breakdown Total Hispanic, Allen County 4,743 5,663 13,877 23,093 Identified Race as: White 2,557 5,965 9,864 Black or African American Asian American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (NHPI) Some Other Race 6,154 9,798 2 or More 1,117 2,372 Other* 2,853 Note: Census questions and even the placement of questions concerning Hispanic ethnicity have changed over the years. Data prior to 2000 should be viewed with caution. * Other was a Census option before the recent set of racial categories was adopted (see Appendix B). The Hispanic population grew by 66.4 percent this decade in Allen County. Table 1.14 identifies the population by Census tract. Figure 1.9 identifies tracts with a significant percentage of Hispanic population, and Figure 1.10 identifies the changes in Hispanic concentrations since Pew Hispanic Center. Statistical Profiles of the Hispanic and Foreign Born Populations in the U.S. March 20, Retrieved from pewhispanic.org/reports/report.php?reportid=120 on March 8, 2011.

24 Population 22 Table 1.14 Persons of Hispanic Origin in Allen County By Census Tract, 2010 Census Tract Number Percentage Tract Number Percentage 44 1, % % % % % % % % % % % % 23 1, % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % Note: Census Tracts and are excluded from analysis. See Appendix D.

25 Population 23 Figure 1.9

26 Population 24 Figure 1.10

27 Population 25 Age Allen County s population, along with most other populations in the state and nation, continues to age an impact of the baby boomers. The first baby boomer turned 64 in 2010, and the youngest baby boomers were 46 in that year. The median age in Allen County in 2010 was The median age of females was 36.4 in 2010, and was 34.3 for males (note that this is data corrected from the first release of the profile). The median age for Indiana was older at 37.0 years, and was 37.2 for the United States. The changes seen in median age over the past decades have finally seemed to have tapered off a little, as the median age only rose 1.2 years this decade, compared to an average 2.7 years each decade since More detailed data by median age is given later in this chapter (see Table 1.21). Table 1.15 Median Age in Allen County Year Median Age Table 1.16 identifies the location and concentration of young persons in Allen County, those age 17 and under. The largest numbers are found in the newer housing areas western Aboite township ( and ), the Huntertown and Leo Cedarville areas ( and ), census tract 109 near Woodburn (possibly an Amish influence in that area), and in census tract 23 in south central Fort Wayne. The higher concentrations are predominantly in south central Fort Wayne (CT 17,23,28,30, 44, 29) as well as one of the west Aboite census tracts. Table 1.17 identifies the location and concentration of those age 65 and older. Data on median age by race and ethnicity is in the section below Age and Race.

28 Population 26 Table 1.16 Seventeen or Under in Allen County by Census Tract, 2010 Census Tract Number Percentage Tract Number Percentage % , % 23 1, % , % % % , % , % 30 1, % % 44 1, % , % % , % 101 1, % % % % 26 1, % , % % , % , % , % , % , % , % % % % 109 2, % 34 1, % % % , % , % , % % , % % , % % , % % % , % , % 35 1, % % , % % % % % % % 32 1, % % , % % 36 1, % % , % % % % % % 22 1, % % , % , % % % % % % % % % , % % , % % % % % % , % % % % % % Note: Census Tracts and are excluded from analysis. See Appendix D.

29 Population 27 Figure 1.11

30 Population 28 Table or Older in Allen County by Census Tract, 2010 Census Tract Number Percentage Tract Number Percentage % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % Note: Census Tracts and are excluded from analysis. See Appendix D.

31 Population 29 Figure 1.12

32 Population 30 Age Distribution The distribution of Allen County s population by age class by census year is as follows: Table 1.18 Age Group Composition Age ,336 23,927 23,860 25,440 26, ,768 23,945 23,722 26,195 26, ,085 24,973 22,810 25,487 26, ,109 16,652 13,112 14,829 16, ,093 38,446 29,960 31,193 33, ,708 51,043 52,612 47,011 46, ,658 32,647 46,968 52,496 45, ,441 28,740 29,408 45,188 50, ,061 14,506 12,057 14,974 22, ,322 11,382 12,203 11,276 18, ,686 16,479 19,767 19,631 21, ,291 8,888 10,709 13,383 13, and over 1,897 2,707 3,648 4,746 6,243 Total 280, , , , ,329 The change in age group is shown in Table 1.19, and the change in age group as a percent of the total population is shown in Table It is interesting to note the flow of the baby boomers through the decades, both in numbers and changes in composition and changes from age group each census. Note too that although the numbers of the two younger population groups have increased from 2000 to 2010, these have decreased as a percent of the population, and in comparison to the prior decennial data, the rate of increase has slowed. Table 1.19 Change in Age Group from Prior Census Age % 0.8% 6.6% 4.3% % 0.5% 10.4% 2.3% % 9.0% 11.7% 3.9% % 22.0% 13.1% 8.9% % 22.8% 4.1% 7.4% % 3.7% 10.6% 0.4% % 45.8% 11.8% 12.8% % 0.1% 53.7% 11.1% % 17.2% 24.2% 51.2% % 7.8% 7.6% 62.0% % 22.2% 0.7% 11.5% % 19.7% 25.0% 4.6% 85 and over 42.7% 28.6% 30.1% 31.5% Total Change in Population 4.9% 2.2% 10.3% 7.1%

33 Population 31 Table 1.20 Age Group as a Percent of the Population Age % 8.1% 7.9% 7.7% 7.5% % 8.1% 7.9% 7.9% 7.5% % 8.5% 7.6% 7.7% 7.5% % 5.7% 4.4% 4.5% 4.5% % 13.1% 10.0% 9.4% 9.4% % 17.3% 17.5% 14.2% 13.2% % 11.1% 15.6% 15.8% 12.9% % 9.8% 9.8% 13.6% 14.1% % 4.9% 4.0% 4.5% 6.4% % 3.9% 4.0% 3.4% 5.1% % 5.6% 6.6% 5.9% 6.2% % 3.0% 3.6% 4.0% 3.9% 85 and over 0.7% 0.9% 1.2% 1.4% 1.8% Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Chart 1.5 illustrates the age distribution by sex. All of the age groups are 10 year increments with the exception of the youngest and oldest populations. Chart 1.5 Age Distribution by Gender, 2010 Census 85 years and over 75 to 84 years 65 to 74 years 55 to 64 years 45 to 54 years 35 to 44 years 25 to 34 years 15 to 24 years 5 to 14 years Under 5 years 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% Males Females

34 Population 32 Race by Age The median age in Allen County in 2010 was The following table, 1.21, provides a view of the changing demographics over the past fifty years. The effect that the large population of baby boomers had on Allen County s median age is seen, as well as the median age differences in some of the different racial and ethnic groups in Allen County. Table 1.21 Median Age by Race and Hispanic Origin, Allen County, 2010 White, Allen White Not Black Asian AIAN NHPI County Hispanic Both Sexes Some Other Two or More Hispanic Male Female Table 1.22 Median Age by Race and Hispanic Origin, Allen County, Year Allen County White Black Asian AIAN NHPI Some Other Two or More Hispanic M/27.6F 18.2M/20.0F na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na Note that some data from previous censuses is not available due to the methodology of race data collection, as explained in Appendix B. Dependency Ratios Sociologists use dependency ratios as a gross measure of the population who are dependent on the population who are employed. This affects a wide number of areas both at a national and local level, for example social security collections and disbursements, schools, health care, transportation, and even neighborhood upkeep. Although definitions vary, generally, a dependent is one who is younger than age 15 or older than age 64. Although The dependency ratio for Allen County data indicates that almost 30 percent of the persons older than age 64 to 74 are in the labor force (see chapter on Economic Well Being and Other Census Data ), this is a gross measure for comparison purposes. Allen County has been very stable the last four decades, although there has been a shift toward a higher older (or aged ) dependency rate and a smaller younger dependency rate, as shown in Table The Dependency Ratios by Census Tract are shown in Table Table 1.23 Age Group as a Percent of the Population Allen County Dependency Ratio 52.2% 53.3% 52.9% 52.3% Young Dependency 37.7% 35.8% 35.5% 34.2% Older Dependency 14.5% 17.5% 17.4% 18.1% Table 1.24 Comparison Dependency Ratios, 2010 Dependency Ratio Young Dependency Older Dependency Indiana 50.5% 30.9% 19.5% United States 49.0% 29.5% 19.4%

35 Population 33 Table 1.25 Dependency Ratio in Allen County by Census Tract, 2010 Census Tract Percentage Tract Percentage % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % Note: Census Tracts and are excluded from analysis. See Appendix D.

36 Population 34 Figure 1.13

37 Population 35 Dependency ratios by Race are shown in Table Dependency Ratios for the total Allen County population have been fairly consistent over the past forty years, although the trend has been toward a higher older dependency ratio and a lower ratio for the young population. As Allen County becomes more diverse, the dependency ratios by race give some insight into the age make up of the races in 2010, as shown in Table Table 1.26 Dependency Ratios by Race, Allen County, 2010 White, Allen Some Two or White Not Black Asian AIAN NHPI County Other More Hispanic Hispanic Dependency Ratio 52.3% 50.2% 49.7% 52.8% 51.4% 36.5% 30.3% 57.4% 129.2% 66.2% Young Dependency 34.2% 29.9% 28.9% 41.6% 44.5% 27.6% 27.6% 53.9% 124.2% 61.2% Older Dependency 18.1% 20.3% 20.7% 11.3% 6.9% 8.9% 2.8% 3.5% 4.9% 5.0% Population Projections Population projections for areas as small as counties cannot be reliably predicted. Even the closure of one major employer can cause unpredicted ramifications, or vice versa, the decision to locate a new company in Allen County that may employ a thousand people would impact the projections significantly. Projections for 2010 for Allen County done by state demographers prior to the 2000 Census were off by 20,000 people about 12 years later. When dealing with the near future, some projections are better, for example, the same group did a projection for Allen County in 2007 for 2010, and that projection was off by 5,000. Given this history, projections are not part of this report 6 with the exception of a discussion on age group projections. The following data is provided by Stats Indiana and the base year uses the 2010 Census data. Table 1.27 Population Projections for Allen County based on 2010 data Year Total Pre School 0 4 School Age 5 19 College Age Young Adult Older Adult Seniors * 355,329 26,524 79,545 23,380 92,609 91,134 42, ,731 27,251 80,072 24,469 93,785 92,570 49, ,731 28,175 81,488 24,056 96,363 90,730 58, ,546 28,837 83,118 24,671 98,620 87,629 68, ,134 29,036 85,436 24, ,818 86,352 75, ,342 29,233 87,216 25, ,263 87,995 79, ,573 29,628 88,269 26, ,346 90,865 81,322 *Not a projection, but based on Census data Seniors are projected to grow to be 19.3 percent of the county population by 2040 from 11.9 percent in This is a substantial change to the county population and carries with it all sort of implications, from tax bases to social services. 6 For those who want this data, see Indiana Business Research Center, Stats Indiana

38 Population 36 Table 1.28 Population Group as a Percentage of the Total Population Pre School 0 4 School Age 5 19 College Age Young Adult Older Adult Seniors % 22.4% 6.6% 26.1% 25.6% 11.9% % 21.8% 6.7% 25.5% 25.2% 13.5% % 21.5% 6.3% 25.4% 23.9% 15.5% % 21.2% 6.3% 25.2% 22.4% 17.5% % 21.2% 6.1% 25.1% 21.5% 18.9% % 21.2% 6.1% 24.9% 21.4% 19.3% % 22.4% 6.6% 26.1% 25.6% 11.9% Source: Indiana Business Research Center, by State Demographer Projected median age data by race, as released by the Indiana Business Research Center, is shown below for the state of Indiana. Typically, larger natural population rates are found in the population groups with younger median ages. Since Two or more is a relatively new designation, it is uncertain how future generations from those who are Two or more will classify their race. Note that the data behind Chart 1.6 is for the entire state of Indiana. The projected median age for Asians in Allen County may be younger given its unique mix of immigrants from Burmese with Asians from other areas, such as India, China, Philippines, Korea, and Vietnam. For example, Allen County s Asian population is 53 percent Other Asian, most likely Burmese and Laotians, compared with 19 percent of Indiana s Asian population being recorded as Other Asian. Given the different mix of Asians groups, it is possible that the median age of Asians in Allen County is different than that of Indiana. Chart 1.6 Projected Median Age by Race and Hispanic Origin for the State of Indiana American Indian White Asian Black HIspanic Two or More Races Selected Data on the Allen County Foreign Born Population Earlier in this chapter, we may have expressed some reservations that the American Community Survey will be able to paint a complete picture of Allen County residents at this time, especially in regard to those moving here from other countries. Additional information on the foreign born from other Census surveys is summarized in the

39 Population 37 paragraphs below. Some of this data may be from more recent ACS surveys in order that the most recent or most statistically significant data is given. Approximately 69 percent of all residents of Allen County were born in Indiana. Another 25 percent were born in another state (and over half of these are from a Midwestern state). One percent were born outside the United States in the U.S. Island Areas (American Samoa, Northern Mariana, Guam, US Virgin Islands) or in Puerto Rico, or born abroad of American parent(s), and 5.2 percent were foreign born. This is summarized Chart 1.7. Chart 1.7 Place of Birth for Allen County Residents Midwest State Other Than IN, 13.8% Hoosier Born, 68.8% Other US State, 11.3% Territories and Commonwealths, 1.0% Foreign Born, 5.2% Source: 2010 ACS Approximately 18,400 to 20,300 Allen County residents are foreign born. Of these foreign born, 60 percent are naturalized U.S. citizens. Of the foreign born, approximately 3,100 are under the age of 18. Of these 3,100 children, approximately 2,600 are school age, ages of Approximately 1,800 of these children may not speak English or may not speak English well. Approximately two thirds of these children who speak other languages than English are Asian, and approximately 28 percent speak Spanish. Another attempt at identifying the Asians who may have language problems is giving in Table We show the percentages rather than the numbers since the 2010 ACS has fewer Asians than the 2010 Census, which alerts us to the possibility that the Census still has to benchmark its ACS to the 2010 Census. By using those percentages, we arrive at 8,223 foreign born Asians in Allen County in By using the percentages, we calculate that the number not naturalized is 4,469. We know that naturalized citizens, in most cases, have to be able to speak and understand English. The reverse is not necessarily true that is, some non naturalized citizens may speak English, but at least we know it is less than 4,469. Table 1.29 Asians in Allen County by Age and Citizenship Status, 2010 ACS Under 18 years: 34.6% 18 years and older: 65.4% Of that age group, the percent who are native born 36.4% 4.3% Of that age group, the percent who are foreign born 63.6% 95.7% Of the foreign born, the percent who are naturalized U.S. citizens 33.6% 49.9%